From Something Old to Something New: Functionalist Lessons for the Cognitive Science of Scientific Creativity

An intuitive view is that creativity involves bringing together what is already known and familiar in a way that produces something new. In cognitive science, this intuition is typically formalized in terms of computational processes that combine or associate internally represented information. From this computationalist perspective, it is hard to imagine how non-representational approaches in embodied cognitive science could shed light on creativity, especially when it comes to abstract conceptual reasoning of the kind scientists so often engage in. The present article offers an entry point to addressing this challenge. The scientific project of embodied cognitive science is a continuation of work in the functionalist tradition in psychology developed over a century ago by William James and John Dewey, among others. The focus here is on how functionalist views on the nature of mind, thought, and experience offer an alternative starting point for cognitive science in general, and for the cognitive science of scientific creativity in particular. The result may seem paradoxical. On the one hand, the article claims that the functionalist conceptual framework motivates rejecting mainstream cognitive views of creativity as the combination or association of ideas. On the other hand, however, the strategy adopted here—namely, revisiting ideas from functionalist psychology to inform current scientific theorizing—can itself be described as a process of arriving at new, creative ideas from combinations of old ones. As is shown here, a proper understanding of cognition in light of the functionalist tradition resolves the seeming tension between these two claims.

НАУКОВА ПРОЄКТНА ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ ЯК ПЕРЕДУМОВА ФОРМУВАННЯ ФАХОВИХ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТЕЙ ЗДОБУВАЧІВ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ З ЕЛЕКТРИЧНОЇ ІНЖЕНЕРІЇ

Purpose. Determination of the role of scientific project activity in the formation of professional competencies of applicants for higher education in the field of electrical engineering.Methodology. The method of scientific projects is used to form the professional competencies of applicants for higher education in the specialty “Electricity, electrical engineering and electromechanics”.Findings. The implementation of project scientific activities using the base of engineering and scientific projects to improve energy efficiency motivates applicants for higher education to acquire new knowledge, creates the preconditions for the development and implementation of a modern educational program in the field of electrical engineering, contributes to the integration of a new structure into the university system – an energy-innovative hub of knowledge.Originality. In the work design methods and teaching technologies in the field of electrical engineering were further developed, which provide the use of the university base of scientific and engineering projects on energy efficiency and participation in the implementation of projects of applicants for higher education, which allows to form professional (scientific-research) competencies of applicants and to develop modern educational program.Practical value. The research results can be used to update educational programs in electrical engineering and to support the development of energy efficiency at the university when creating an energy-innovative knowledge hub that will allow organizing a complex interaction of the components “education – science (innovation) – business (entrepreneurship) – state”.

Catch-Up Development VS. Forward-Looking Development: from Theoretical Models to Developmental State Practices

The presented article was carried out within the framework of scientific project dedicated to Russia's participation in the export and import of institutions. The solid question arose that the conditions and specificity of Russia's place in these processes are related to its position in the global world economy. These problems are considered within the framework of competing concepts of catch-up and forward-looking development in the economic literature. Comparative characteristics of methodological foundations, provisions and normative recommendations of these concepts are highlighted in the article. The analysis shows that there is no ground to justify the absolutization of their differences. Representatives of competing approaches came to the conclusion that it was necessary to search for the optimal configuration of imported and genuine institutions at the level of specific problems of development of countries that were largely on the periphery of the modern global economy. This configuration provides productive orientation of economic actors and creation of favorable conditions for the development of Schumpeterian type innovations. The solution of these tasks is linked with the formation and activities of developmental state. The functions of such a state are fundamentally different from compensating market failures that is characteristic of developed market economy. Such a state acts as a subject that forms the basic institutions of the economic system. Fundamental importance is its ability to ensure the combination of selective imports of institutions with the modification of genuine institutions that have historical and cultural specificity. Characteristics of the reasons and conditions for the successful solution of these tasks by countries such as Japan, Taiwan and South Korea, are highlighted in the article. The success stories are compared to the experience of partial failure of developmental state in Brazil. The fulfilled study is of interest not only for positive analysis, but also for the elaboration of normative recommendations for the formation of optimal configuration of imported and genuine institutions in contemporary Russia.

Intellectual support for socially-oriented operational decisions making during hospitalization, taking into account limited resources and human behavior

The research was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research within the framework of scientific project No. 20-04-60054 in terms of support for making socially-oriented decisions and budgetary topic No. 0073-2019-0005 in terms of organizing user interaction with the system.

Analytical Review of Research in the Framework of the Scientifi c School of Existential Approaches in Pedagogy M.I. Rozhkova

Based on the study of publication activity in the Journal of Pedagogical Research, trends in the development of modern domestic pedagogical science are analyzed in the framework of the implementation of theoretical, methodological and practice-oriented ideas developed in the scientific school of existential approaches in pedagogy under the guidance of Doctor of Pedagogy, Professor Mikhail Iosifovich Rozhkov. It is shown that in modern socio-cultural conditions, the implementation of educational practices based on ideas that embody the meanings of the existential strategy of educating a free personality is especially relevant. Our research has shown that the leading trends in the development of domestic education at the present stage, embodying the ideas of existential approaches in pedagogy, are: the use of subject-oriented technologies in the educational process, the organization of a personality-developing educational environment at school, pedagogical support for the self-development of children and adolescents in conditions additional education, the specificity of the forms of training teachers for the implementation of pedagogical support for self-development and self-realization of students in conditions of additional education, stimulating self-development and self-realization of students in a value-oriented educational environment. The study was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research within the framework of scientific project No. 20-013-00616.

Public administration: digitalization of strategic planning tasks

The article was prepared within the framework of the RFBR scientific project «Interdisciplinary study of the processes of digitalization, computerization and measurement of the role of science in the development and implementation of political decisions» (RFBR grant No. 20-010-00179). The main part of this article is related to conceptual and software developments on automating the process of managing the textual and semantic content of strategies. At this stage, scientific work is aimed at developing software modeling and automation of the control process. It includes a number of functions focused on digitalization and programming of the interdisciplinary and multifunctional task of developing, implementing and monitoring various types of strategies of the Russian Federation. When developing software modeling, the authors adopt a basic block diagram in the form of an industry strategy, the content structure of which can be transformed depending on the type of strategy (socio-economic, scientific and technological, etc.). The system management model for automating the preparation of textual strategy proposals includes the participation of specialized experts and well- known scientists who digitally evaluate strategy texts, including also an analytical mechanism for digitalizing the selection of the final text and its editing by the relevant ministries responsible for strategy development.

Nikitin's acquittal

The article reflects the results of the research carried out by the authors in the framework of the scientific project: "Architects and engineers of the eastern outskirts of Russia (second half of the XIX - early XX century)". The legacy of the city architect Nikitin (6 surviving buildings) is considered. Descriptions and stylistic analysis of objects are given, a conclusion is made about the broadest creative range of the provincial architect.

مقارنة رموز النسخ الخطية للجامع الصغير دراسة تأصيلية وتطبيقية على الأحاديث (401-430)

This research deals with the comparison of symbols in the manuscripts for Al-Jami Al-Saghir on hadiths (401-430). This study deals with an important book from the hadith compilations, which is the book of Al-Jami’ Al-Saghir fi Al-Bashir Al-Nazir hadiths by al-Hafiz al-Suyuti. This book is a summary of his book al-Jami’ al-Kabir and is considered one of the most important Hadith compilation books. Al-Hafiz Al-Suyuti called this book the collection of collections in which he intended to collect the entire prophetic Sunnah (including Prophet sayings and actions). The aim of the study is to identify manuscripts of the Al-Jami Al-Saghir. The study relied on an inductive approach to the selected hadiths and a descriptive-analytical method in reading the symbols of different copies. In short, the study will compare symbols used by Al-Hafiz Al-Suyuti in explaining al-Jami’ al-Saghir because there is a difference between the symbols Al-Hafiz Al-Suyuti in selected versions. The study concluded that the percentage of agreement between the copies is 79.3%, which means the difference ratio is 20.6%. The analysis proceeds to recommend a complete comparison between all copies of the Al-Jami’ Al-Saghir of Al-Suyuti to be done within a scientific project adopted by a scientific authority or institution to reach accurate, comprehensive results, the impact of which is known as the value of the copies and the quality of the transcription.

Artistic culture: new dimensions of a person (a plurality of identifications in time moving simultaneously in all directions)

The author considers artistic culture as a subject of synergetics and pre-quantum / quantum culture. The author’s reflections are in the field of searching theater, literature, performative art, and cinema. The theater of the future is the research subject, a “scientific” project. The level of the theater rises by an order of magnitude to its surpassing scenarios. Universalism, or rather, trans-professionalism, is becoming an indispensable component of the future artistic process. The leader, the Scientist–Researcher–Poet (Artist), becomes of current interest. The stage works by Castellucci, Suzuki, music by Scott Gibbons and others have modeled this future. Time moves simultaneously in all directions refuting the laws of classical physics. The trajectory of movement indicates quantum measurements. Faulkner, Joyce, Proust, Andre Gide, John Dos Passos, Rilke successfully polemicize with physics. The new dimensions of a person imply a plurality of identifications. Calvino – “The Cloven Viscount”.

«If a screw falls, then another will be screwed» (Review of the book: Memory from the flame of Afghanistan: Interviews with the internationalist soldiers of the Afghan war of 1979–1989. Book 4. Kyrgyzstan. Edited by Elmira Nogoibayeva and Eleri Bitikchi. The methodology of Marlene Laruel, Botagoz Rakisheva, Gulden Ashkenova was used. Bishkek, 2021, 252 p.)

The book Memory from the flame of Afghanistan: Interviews with the internationalist soldiers of the Afghan war of 19791989. Book 4. Kyrgyzstan is being reviewed as part of an international scientific project to study the historical memory of Soviet soldiers participants of the Afghan campaign. Presenting to the historian and the reader a complex of 21 in-depth interviews with participants, the book is analyzed from the point of view of its scientific and socio-political potential in the context of preserving historical memory about this war.