ESTIMATION OF SEISMICALLY-INDUCED POTENTIAL TSUNAMI PENETRATION ONTO COASTAL TERRAINS

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric C. Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Wind Wave ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tidal Range ◽  
Tsunami Height ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Site Development ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Tsunami Run Up

This paper presents a methodology of estimating the inland incursion of tsunamis generated offshore by earthquakes by adapting prognostic equations of wind wave run-up to the earthquakes’ long-period characteristics. Tsunami height is estimated from site-specific historical events. The methodology takes account the nearshore depths, backshore topography, tidal range, and tsunami approach direction. Two project applications are discussed; one involving site development planning for a coastal resort whereas the other involving tsunami evacuation zone assessment for a prospective seaport site. Keywords: Tsunami, run-up, earthquake, planning, site development

scholarly journals Tsunami Potential Due To Strike-Slip Earthquake Affected by Submarine Landslide

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiko Setyonegoro
Keyword(s):  
Strike Slip ◽  
Submarine Landslide ◽  
Strike Slip Fault ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Tsunami Height ◽  
First Case ◽  
Near Shore ◽  
Seafloor Deformation ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Tsunami Run Up

The most of earthquakes in the western part of North of Sumatra, Indonesia have tsunami potential. This paper discuss about tsunami height which was triggered by large energy of earthquake along strike-slip fault and submarine landslide. Beyond of a view historical tsunamis in the western part Sumatra in Aceh, which was occured on April 11, 2012 have given several questions for the majority of earth scientist in relation with the potential for tsunami. The 8.6 M earthquake might have no tsunami potential significantly, with the hypothesis that mechanism of the earthquake source is strike-slip. However BMKG, in accordance with standard operating procedures stated that this earthquake "potential tsunami". But here we will give other parameters that affect a potential tsunami by performing the calculation of the effects of landslides. This paper describes how potential and kinetic energy spread during landslide and analysis of mechanism and underwater structures named as guyot as the cause of the earthquake along strike-slip fault. This paper discuss about scoup study on landslide which give the hypothesis that the type of submarine landslide or landslide of near shore cliff also will have influence to tsunami height or run-up. The key is, how strongly the all of disturbance above will increasing or decreasing of  sea water volume. The result for the first case, strike-slip earthquake without the submarine landslide obtain maximum run-up in Meulaboh  is 1.5864 m, with E~Mo (seafloor deformation). For the second case is strike-slip earthquake influenced by submarine landslide obtained ETotal ~1020 ~ Mo (seafloor deformation) which obtained tsunami run-up in Meulaboh 1.7726 m. So in this case, the landslide under the sea it also affected to the maximum tsunami height, but not significantly influence. For the last case, strike-slip earthquake influenced by landslide of near shore cliff: ETotal is estimated Ekfall ~  1022  ~  Mw ~  8 SR, equivalent with vertical of seafloor deformation and obtain tsunami run-up in Meulaboh 16.9372 m.Keywords: tsunami run-up, fault, strike-slip, submarine landslide, uppper the sea landslide, potential energy, kinetic energySebagian besar gempabumi yang terjadi pada area barat Sumatera Indonesia berpotensi tsunami. Tulisan ini memodelkan kemungkinan ketinggian tsunami yang dipicu oleh gempabumi dengan energi besar sepanjang sesar geser yang dipengaruhi oleh longsoran bawah laut. Gempabumi dengan kekuatan 8,6 Mw pada 11 April 2012 yang terjadi di bagian barat Sumatera telah menimbulkan kepanikan akan tetapi tidak menimbulkan bencana tsunami besar karena terjadi di sepanjang sesar geser kerak Samudera Hindia. Berdasarkan pemodelan, gempabumi sepanjang sesar geser dapat memicu tsunami besar bilamana diikuti oleh longsoran bawah laut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memodelkan propagasi gelombang tsunami dengan proses mekanisme gempabumi strike-slip yang dipengaruhi oleh kondisi batimetri, volume struktur, jumlah dan jenis tanah longsor bawah laut yang dapat memicu ketinggian gelombang tsunami. Perhitungan dan pemodelan ini melibatkan simulasi energi potensial dan energi kinetik yang mempengaruhi ketinggian gelombang tsunami pada garis pantai. Hasil pemodelan pertama, dengan anggapan gempabumi sesar geser yang tidak dipengaruhi oleh proses longsor bawah laut menghasilkan ketinggian tsunami di Meulaboh 1,5864 m, dengan E ~ Mo (deformasi dasar laut). Untuk kasus pemodelan kedua dengan anggapan gempabumi sesar geser disertai oleh longsoran di bawah permukaan laut diperoleh Etotal ~ 1020 ~ Mo (deformasi dasar laut) yang menghasilkan ketinggian tsunami di Meulaboh 1,7726 m. Untuk pemodelan ketiga, gempabumi sesar geser yang diikuti oleh longsoran di tebing dekat pantai dengan Etotal diperkirakan Ekfall ~ 1022 ~ Mw ~ 8 SR setara dengan jenis mekanisme deformasi vertikal yang dapat menghasilkan ketinggian gelombang tsunami di Meulaboh sampai dengan 16,9372 m. Kata Kunci: run-up tsunami, sesar geser, longsoran bawah laut, longsoran diatas permukaan laut, energi potensial, energi kinetik

Source reconstruction of the 1969 Sulawesi, Indonesia earthquake and tsunami

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignatius Ryan Pranantyo ◽  
Athanasius Cipta ◽  
Hasbi Shiddiqi ◽  
Mohammad Heidarzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Tsunami Source ◽  
Source Reconstruction ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Tsunami Height ◽  
Earthquake Focal Mechanism ◽  
Ground Motion Modelling ◽  
First Motion ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Tsunami Run Up ◽  
Distribution Distance

<p>An M7.0 earthquake followed by moderate tsunami destructed Majene region, western Sulawesi on 23 February 1969. This event claimed at least 64 lives and caused severe damage to infrastructure. In this study, we reconstructed the earthquake and tsunami source of this event by optimising macroseismic and tsunami dataset reported as well as analysed the earthquake focal mechanism. We estimated that the maximum intensity of the earthquake was VIII (in Modified Mercalli Intensity). From the first motion polarity analysis, the earthquake had a thrust mechanism which was plausibly from the Makassar Thrust. Further, deterministic ground motion modelling successfully fits the intensity data. However, thrust earthquake from the Makassar Thrust was unable to reconstruct 4 m tsunami height observed at Pelattoang. The estimated ratio between maximum tsunami run-up height and lateral distribution distance (<em>I<sub>2</sub></em>) from the dataset indicates that the tsunami was generated by a local coastal landslide.</p><p>(This study is funded by the Royal Society (UK) grant number CHL/R1/180173)</p>

Selective Functionalization at N2-Position of Guanine in Oligonucleotides via Reductive Amination

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bapurao Bhoge ◽  
Ishu Saraogi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Chemical Biology ◽  
Reductive Amination ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dna Oligomers ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Wide Applicability ◽  
Dna Oligonucleotides ◽  
Selective Functionalization

Chemo- and site-specific modifications in oligonucleotides have wide applicability as mechanistic probes in chemical biology. Here we have employed a classical reaction in organic chemistry, reductive amination, to selectively functionalize the N<sup>2</sup>-amine of guanine/2’-deoxyguanine monophosphate. This method specifically modifies guanine in several tested DNA oligonucleotides, while leaving the other bases unaffected. Using this approach, we have successfully incorporated desired handles chemoselectively into DNA oligomers.

scholarly journals Autonomously Replicating Macronuclear DNA Pieces Are the Physical Basis of Genetic Coassortment Groups in Tetrahymena thermophila

Genetics ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 155 (3) ◽  
pp. 1119-1125
Author(s):  
Laura Wong ◽  
Lana Klionsky ◽  
Steve Wickert ◽  
Virginia Merriam ◽  
Eduardo Orias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Distribution ◽  
Tetrahymena Thermophila ◽  
Physical Basis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Phenotypic Assortment ◽  
Somatic Genome

Abstract The macronucleus of the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila contains a fragmented somatic genome consisting of several hundred identifiable chromosome pieces. These pieces are generated by site-specific fragmentation of the germline chromosomes and most of them are represented at an average of 45 copies per macronucleus. In the course of successive divisions of an initially heterozygous macronucleus, the random distribution of alleles of loci carried on these copies eventually generates macronuclei that are pure for one allele or the other. This phenomenon is called phenotypic assortment. We have previously reported the existence of loci that assort together (coassort) and hypothesized that these loci reside on the same macronuclear piece. The work reported here provides new, rigorous genetic support for the hypothesis that macronuclear autonomously replicating chromosome pieces are the physical basis of coassortment groups. Thus, coassortment allows the mapping of the somatic genome by purely genetic means. The data also strongly suggest that the random distribution of alleles in the Tetrahymena macronucleus is due to the random distribution of the MAC chromosome pieces that carry them.

scholarly journals Shoreline Changes along Northern Ibaraki Coast after the Great East Japan Earthquake of 2011

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1399
Author(s):  
Quang Nguyen Hao ◽  
Satoshi Takewaka
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Thermal Emission ◽  
Sandy Beaches ◽  
Great East Japan Earthquake ◽  
Shoreline Changes ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Tsunami Run Up ◽  
Sentinel 2 ◽  
Infrared Radiometer

In this study, we analyze the influence of the Great East Japan Earthquake, which occurred on 11 March 2011, on the shoreline of the northern Ibaraki Coast. After the earthquake, the area experienced subsidence of approximately 0.4 m. Shoreline changes at eight sandy beaches along the coast are estimated using various satellite images, including the ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer), ALOS AVNIR-2 (Advanced Land Observing Satellite, Advanced Visible and Near-infrared Radiometer type 2), and Sentinel-2 (a multispectral sensor). Before the earthquake (for the period March 2001–January 2011), even though fluctuations in the shoreline position were observed, shorelines were quite stable, with the averaged change rates in the range of ±1.5 m/year. The shoreline suddenly retreated due to the earthquake by 20–40 m. Generally, the amount of retreat shows a strong correlation with the amount of land subsidence caused by the earthquake, and a moderate correlation with tsunami run-up height. The ground started to uplift gradually after the sudden subsidence, and shoreline positions advanced accordingly. The recovery speed of the beaches varied from +2.6 m/year to +6.6 m/year, depending on the beach conditions.

Measurement of Noise inside the Compartment and Vibration on both Sides of Elastomeric Powertrain Mounts of Passenger Car

2013 ◽  
Vol 471 ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
Mohd Noor Arib Rejab ◽  
Roslan Abd Rahman ◽  
Raja Ishak Raja Hamzah ◽  
Jawaid Iqbal Inayat Hussain ◽  
Nazirah Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fast Response ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
Measurement Noise ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vibration Level ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Exhaust Noise ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Level Meter ◽  
High Level

This paper presents an evaluation on elastomeric mount used to isolate vibration from powertrain to chassis or structure vehicle. The assessments started with measurement of noise inside compartment, and exhaust noise. This is followed by the measurement of vibration on both sides of elastomeric mounts. The noise in the compartment and exhaust noise is measured according to BS 6086: 1981 and BS ISO 5130: 2007. The noise in the compartment and vibration is tested in three conditions. Firstly, engine is run-up with load (driving at second gear); secondly, without load; and thirdly, without load but hanging. A microphone is fixed at the ear of the mannequin. The fast response and A weighting sound level meter were used for measurement noise in the compartment and exhaust noise. The vibration is measured in terms of acceleration on both sides of each elastomeric powertrain mounts. Two accelerometer transducers are fixed on both sides of powertrain elastomeric mounts. One side was identified as a source of vibration and the other as receiver of vibrations. The results showed that the pattern of overall vibration level on source and receiver increased from 1050 RPM (idling) to 4000 RPM on all test conditions. Vibration transmitted to chassis or receiver structure was analyzed using transmissibility concept. By evaluating test condition of engine run-up without load, informed that the front and rear mounts showed a high level transmissibility contributing to structure-borne noise.

Voices of Spectators and Audience Power

Pólemos ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Biet
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationship ◽  
The Other ◽  
Long Period ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Common ◽  
Dramatic Action ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Voice ◽  
The Way

AbstractTheatre and law are not so different. Generally, researchers work on the art of theatre, the rhetoric of the actors, or the dramaturgy built from law cases or from the questions that the law does not completely resolve. Trials, tragedies, even comedies are close: everybody can see the interpenetration of them on stage and in the courts. We know that, and we know that the dramas are made with/from/of law, we know that the art the actors are developing is not so far from the art of the lawyers, and conversely. In this paper, I would like to have a look at the action of the audience, at the session itself and at the way the spectators are here to evaluate and judge not only the dramatic action, not only the art of the actors, not only the text of the author, but also the other spectators, and themselves too. In particular, I will focus on the “common judgment” of the audience and on its judicial, aesthetic and social relationship. The spectators have been undisciplined, noisy, unruled, during such a long period that theatre still retains some prints of this behaviour, even if nowadays, the social and aesthetic rule is to be silent. But uncertainty, inattention, distraction, contradiction, heterogeneity are the notions which characterise the session, and the judgments of the spectators still depend on them. So, what was and what is the voice of the audience? And with what sort of voice do spectators give their judgments?

scholarly journals NEAR-FIELD TSUNAMI FORECASTING BASED ON A TSUNAMI RUN-UP RESPONSE FUNCTION

2020 ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Juh-Whan Lee ◽  
Jennifer L. Irish ◽  
Robert Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Response Function ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
Tsunami Forecast ◽  
Earthquake Fault ◽  
Tsunami Forecasting ◽  
Fault Parameters ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Tsunami Run Up

Since near-field-generated tsunamis can arrive within a few minutes to coastal communities and cause immense damage to life and property, tsunami forecasting systems should provide not only accurate but also rapid tsunami run-up estimates. For this reason, most of the tsunami forecasting systems rely on pre-computed databases, which can forecast tsunamis rapidly by selecting the most closely matched scenario from the databases. However, earthquakes not included in the database can occur, and the resulting error in the tsunami forecast may be large for these earthquakes. In this study, we present a new method that can forecast near-field tsunami run-up estimates for any combination of earthquake fault parameters on a real topography in near real-time, hereafter called the Tsunami Run-up Response Function (TRRF).Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/tw1D29dDxmY

scholarly journals Job Satisfaction and Employee Engagement Contemporary Tools to Eliminate Stress Among work Force in an Organization

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 2381-2383
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Employee Engagement ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Work Force ◽  
The Other ◽  
Negative Behavior ◽  
Fundamental Factor ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Utmost Care

Stress is a not a new word to the organizations. It is been a boiling subject from years ago as it is spread across the globe. To evade this, organizations tries to improve their employee’s satisfaction levels at job, so that a positive attitude can be inculcated among workforce. The other tool to abstain from mocking execution and deriding performance of an organization is employee’s engagement. It is a key which prompts hierarchical achievement and furthermore a fundamental factor to be considered while assessing stress. Stress cannot be eliminated from any organization but can be handled with utmost care to get good results. If stress is not managed well, it generates a negative behavior in workforce which destroys the end results or an organization fails to achieve its goals. If it continues for a long period of time, the result could be closure of an organization because over stress will reduce the employee performance. This research paper is expected to comprehend the reasons which lead to employee stress inside an organization, to discuss the variables which robustly correlate with stress level of employees and also to suggest the mechanism to overcome stress.

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