scholarly journals Analisis Efektivitas Biaya Terapi Antihipertensi Kombinasi Tetap Di Satu Rumah Sakit Jakarta Selatan

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ani Rahayu ◽  
Ahmad Fuad Afdhal ◽  
Delina Hasan ◽  
Feriadi Suwarna
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Medication Cost ◽  
Laboratory Cost ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Productivity Cost ◽  
Lost Productivity ◽  
The Cost

The majority of alternative antihypertensive therapies require pharmacoeconomic studies, particularly Cost Effectiveness Analysis, which is useful in balancing patients’ expenditure by determining alternative treatments that represented the most plausible health outcomes with a more reasonable budget. The objective of this study was to compare the cost effectiveness using antihypertensive fixed dose combinations (FDC) of Valsartan-Amlodipine + Furosemide and FDC of Valsartan-HCT + Amlodipin. This research applied the descriptive analytical cross-sectional method and conducted data collection retrospectively from the medical record of hypertensive patients. Meanwhile, the medication cost breakdown was obtained from Outpatient Financial Department of a Type B Hospital in south Jakarta for the period of January - June 2018. Total sample were 74 patients, consisted of 37 patients who used  FDC of Valsartan-Amlodipin + Furosemide, and 37 patients who used FDC of Valsartan-HCT + Amlodipin. The parameters of this research were direct medication cost (consisted of examination cost, laboratory cost and medicines cost), indirect medication cost (consisted accommodation cost and lost productivity cost), while the effectiveness used the MAP average (Mean Arterial Pressure). The result of this research showed that the biggest medication effectiveness to lower the blood pressure is FDC of  Valsartan-Amlodipin + Furosemide, with 32  patients had the average MAP 101,29 mmHg, while the FDC of Valsartan-HCT + Amlodipin with 29 patients had the average MAP 103,59 mmHg. The cost effectiveness based on ACER value of  FDC of Valsartan –HCT + Amlodipin and FDC Valsartan-HCT + Amlodipin sequentially is Rp 3.922.040/MAP and Rp 4.458.034/MAP. In conclusion, the FDC of Valsartan-Amlodipin + Furosemide  was more cost-effective.

scholarly journals Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Per-abdominal and Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahariar Islam
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Treatment Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Total Treatment Cost ◽  
Laboratory Cost ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Average Hospital ◽  
The Cost

Cholelithiasis is one of the major problems which need cholecystectomy. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a newer technique. But there is a need to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of per-abdominal and laparoscopic method from patients perspective. The study was performed to assess the cost-effectiveness of per-abdominal and laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Materials and Methods:
This cross sectional study in two sample situations was conducted among 90 purposively selected cholecystectomy patients of which 60 patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) and 30 patients underwent per-abdominal cholecystectomy (PAC) from three tertiary level government hospitals of Dhaka, Bangladesh at the time of their discharge through face to face interview using a semi-structured questionnaire and checklist. The study found average age 45.33(13.63) and 41.75(13.39) years in PAC and LC respectively. Average monthly income was less in the PAC group Tk.23200.00(12374.61) than LC Tk.24925.00(12166.86). Average duration of suffering from cholelithiasis was 9.50(8.68) months in PAC group and 12.43(17.49) months in LC group. Average hospital stay was 13.97(6.88) days in PAC group while it was 12.02(6.66) days in LC group. Average treatment cost was little higher Tk.21927.407795.89 in LC group than Tk.21466.306261.42 in the PAC group. Both direct cost and indirect cost were also higher in LC group (Tk.18668.305965.67 and Tk.3661.324229.85) than in PAC group (Tk.18228.004624.75 and Tk.3350.004124.58). But these differences were not statistically significant. In both groups treatment cost significantly increased with duration of hospitalization (correlation, p<0.01). Cure rate was significantly high in LC group (94.4%) than in PAC group (86.7%) (χ2, p<0.05).
This study revealed LC method is cost-effective than PAC method. Total treatment cost in LC can be reduced by minimizing hospital cost, laboratory cost and securing the income of the patients which enhance the economic load.

P0434COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF MAINTANCE THERAPY WITH AZATHIOPRIME VERSUS RITUXIMAB (TAILORED OR FIXED-SCHEDULE) IN ADULTS WITH GENERALIZED ANCA VASCULITIS IN COLOMBIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kateir Mariel Contreras ◽  
Viviana Orozco Ortiz ◽  
Eduardo José Puche ◽  
Paola Karina Garcia ◽  
Camilo Alberto Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Transition Probabilities ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Anca Vasculitis ◽  
Life Years ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Background and Aims Azathioprine has been for decades the drug of choice for maintenance therapy in patients with generalized ANCA vasculitis in remission. However, recent studies show that rituximab, a high-cost biological agent, which can be administrated in two different schedules, might be more effective, so it is necessary to know the cost- effectiveness. Our goal was to compare the cost-effectiveness of the 3 maintenance schemes: standard therapy with azathioprine; fixed-dose rituximab and rituximab tailored according to CD19 lymphocyte level and ANCA titres, from the perspective of the Colombian healthcare system. Method We designed a 5-year annual cycle Markov model with the following stages: remission, minor relapse, mayor relapse and death. Transition probabilities were obtained from a systematic review of the literature (Scopus and Pubmed). Following national guidelines for economic studies, costs (in 2018, 1 euro = 3489 Colombian pesos) were estimated based on national drug registries, and official tariff manuals for procedures and other resources. Main outcome was quality-adjusted life years (QALY), using lupus nephropathy as a proxy; values were obtained from Tufts CEA Registry and validated by local expert panel through a modified Delphi technique. Cost-effectiveness threshold was three-times per capita GDP (16.872 euros). Discount rate was 5%. Univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed. Results Overall discounted 5-years costs were € 1149 for azathioprine; € 4025 for tailored rituximab and € 5221 for fixed rituximab. QALY gains were 2.94, 3.63 and 3.64, respectively. Both tailored and fixed rituximab were cost-effective (cost per QALY gained: € 4168 and € 5817 respectively), but tailored dosing was preferable due to its lower cost. Sensitivity analyses did not modify these results significantly. Conclusion To our knowledge this is the first economic evaluation that compare azathioprine with tailored and fixed rituximab regimens as a vasculitis maintenance treatment in adults with ANCA generalized. Due to its lower effectiveness azathioprine should not be the first line of treatment. Tailored rituximab should be a better option than fixed schedule due to its lower cost with similar effectiveness.

scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional Study of Client Satisfaction towards Services Received at Boru Meda Hospital Pharmacy on Opd Basis and Community Pharmacy

2017 ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Abebaw Tegegn Damtie ◽  
Assen Muhe Getahun
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Malaria Diagnosis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Staining Technique ◽  
Giemsa Staining ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Effectiveness Analysis ◽  
Staining Techniques ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Acute Care Unit

Background: World Health Organization and Ministry of Health (Uganda) recommend use of microscopy for parasitological confirmation of malaria. Microscopy involves either Giemsa or Fields staining techniques. Ministry of Health prefers and recommends use of Giemsa staining technique but most health facilities still use Fields staining technique. The objective of this study was to compare the cost-effectiveness of Giemsa and Fields staining techniques in order to inform malaria diagnosis policy and practice in Uganda. Methods: This was a cross sectional cost effectiveness analysis from the providers perspective covering the period between April 25, 2014 and June 15, 2014. The study involved 243 children below five years of age presenting at Acute Care Unit laboratory for malaria test before admission. Giemsa and Fields staining techniques were compared with Polymerase Chain Reaction as the gold standard. Decision tree analytic model in TreeAge was used for the cost effectiveness analysis. Results: Fields and Giemsa staining techniques cost US $ 0.030 and US $ 0.769 respectively. Correctly diagnosed cases were 227 and 230 for Fields and Giemsa staining techniques respectively. The proportion of correctly diagnosed cases was 93.4% for Fields and 94.7% for Giemsa. Incremental cost effectiveness ratio was 0.35 US $ per additional correctly diagnosed case. Conclusion: Fields staining technique was more cost effective than Giemsa staining technique; provided a higher number of correctly diagnosed cases at a lower cost than Giemsa staining technique. Fields staining technique is recommended as staining technique for malaria diagnosis at the Acute Care Unit of Mulago National Referral Hospital. This implies that even with introduction of more superior staining techniques for laboratory diagnosis of malaria, Field staining technique is still a cost effective technique to be used in resource limited settings with high malaria burden like Uganda and Africa at large.

scholarly journals The cost-effectiveness of azithromycin in reducing exacerbations in uncontrolled asthma

2020 ◽  
pp. 2002436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciaran O'Neill ◽  
Peter G Gibson ◽  
Liam G Heaney ◽  
John W Upham ◽  
Ian A Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Healthcare Use ◽  
Uncontrolled Asthma ◽  
Societal Costs ◽  
Monetary Benefit ◽  
Lost Productivity ◽  
Therapy Costs ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Net Monetary Benefit

Add-on azithromycin (AZM) results in a significant reduction in exacerbations among adults with persistent uncontrolled asthma. The aim of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of add-on AZM in terms of healthcare and societal costs.The AMAZES trial randomly assigned 420 participants to AZM or placebo. Healthcare use and asthma exacerbations were measured during the treatment period. Healthcare use included all prescribed medicine and healthcare contacts. Costs of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) were estimated based on overall consumption and published estimates of costs. The value of an avoided exacerbation was based on published references. Differences in cost between the two groups were related to differences in exacerbations in a series of net monetary benefit estimates. Societal costs included lost productivity, over the counter medicines, steroid induced morbidity and AMR costs.Add-on AZM resulted in a reduction in healthcare costs (mean (95% CI)) including nights in hospital (AUD$433.70 ($48.59–$818.81) or €260.22(€29.15–€491.29)), unplanned healthcare visits (AUD$20.25 ($5.23–$35.27) or €12.15 (€3.14–€21.16)), antibiotic costs (AUD$14.88 ($7.55–$22.21) or €8.93(€4.53–€13.33)) and oral corticosteroid costs (AUD$4.73 ($0.82–$8.64) or €2.84(€0.49–€5.18)), all p<0.05. Overall healthcare and societal costs were lower (AUD$77.30 (€46.38) and AUD$256.22 (€153.73) respectively) albeit not statistically significant. The net monetary benefit of add-on AZM was estimated to be AUD$2072.30 (95% CI $1348.55–$2805.23) or (€1243.38 (€809.13–€1683.14) assuming a willingness to pay per exacerbation avoided of AUD$2651 (€1590.60). Irrespective of the sensitivity analysis applied, the net monetary benefit for total, moderate and severe exacerbations remained positive and significant.Add-on AZM therapy in poorly controlled asthma was a cost-effective therapy. Costs associated with AMR did not influence estimated cost-effectiveness.

Evaluating Costs for Onychomycosis Treatments

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin M. Warshaw
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Wholesale Price ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Veterans Affairs ◽  
Medication Cost ◽  
Continuous Therapy ◽  
Complete Cure ◽  
Nail Lacquer ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cure Rates

Onychomycosis is a common problem. The desired outcome of treatment for patients and clinicians is complete cure (negative culture and negative potassium hydroxide examination results plus a completely normal nail). This cost analysis sought to determine the cost-effectiveness of treatments for onychomycosis using complete cure as a unit of effectiveness. A simplified cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted using complete cure rates from randomized, blinded clinical trials involving at least 50 participants. Trials were identified by searching the literature, manually searching for review articles, and reviewing medication package inserts. For each trial that met the entry criteria, three levels of cost were used to calculate medication cost per complete cure: commercial price, average wholesale price, and Veterans Affairs pharmacy price. In addition, a computerized economic model was used to determine total cost per complete cure, including all medical costs. The most cost-effective treatments were those that involved terbinafine: pulse, continuous, or in combination with other agents. Itraconazole, griseofulvin, and fluconazole were less cost-effective. Ciclopirox nail lacquer was at least three times more expensive than all other agents when evaluating total costs per complete cure. Overall, the lowest cost per complete cure resulted from terbinafine treatment, with most evidence supporting 3 months of continuous therapy. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 96(1): 38–52, 2006)

scholarly journals Should NICE reconsider the 2016 UK guidelines on TB contact tracing? A cost-effectiveness analysis of contact investigations in London

Thorax ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean M Cavany ◽  
Emilia Vynnycky ◽  
Charlotte S Anderson ◽  
Helen Maguire ◽  
Frank Sandmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Life Years ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Index Cases

BackgroundIn January 2016, clinical TB guidance in the UK changed to no longer recommend screening contacts of non-pulmonary, non-laryngeal (ETB) index cases. However, no new evidence was cited for this change, and there is evidence that screening these contacts may be worthwhile. The objective of this study was to estimate the cost-effectiveness of screening contacts of adult ETB cases and adult pulmonary or laryngeal TB (PTB) cases in London, UK.MethodsWe carried out a cross-sectional analysis of data collected on TB index cases and contacts in the London TB register and an economic evaluation using a static model describing contact tracing outcomes. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were calculated using no screening as the baseline comparator. All adult TB cases (≥15 years old) in London from 2012 to 2015, and their contacts, were eligible (2465/5084 PTB and 2559/6090 ETB index cases were included).ResultsAssuming each contact with PTB infects one person/month, the ICER of screening contacts of ETB cases was £78 000/quality-adjusted life-years (QALY) (95% CI 39 000 to 140 000), and screening contacts of PTB cases was £30 000/QALY (95% CI 18 000 to 50 000). The ICER of screening contacts of ETB cases was £30 000/QALY if each contact with PTB infects 3.4 people/month. Limitations of this study include the use of self-reported symptomatic periods and lack of knowledge about onward transmission from PTB contacts.ConclusionsScreening contacts of ETB cases in London was almost certainly not cost-effective at any conventional willingness-to-pay threshold in England, supporting recent changes to National Institute for Health and Care Excellence national guidelines.

scholarly journals Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of BCG Vaccination against Tuberculosis in Indonesia: A Model-Based Study

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 707
Author(s):  
Afifah Machlaurin ◽  
Franklin Christiaan Karel Dolk ◽  
Didik Setiawan ◽  
Tjipke Sytse van der Werf ◽  
Maarten J. Postma
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Bcg Vaccination ◽  
Life Years ◽  
The Cost

Bacillus Calmette–Guerin (BCG), the only available vaccine for tuberculosis (TB), has been applied for decades. The Indonesian government recently introduced a national TB disease control programme that includes several action plans, notably enhanced vaccination coverage, which can be strengthened through underpinning its favourable cost-effectiveness. We designed a Markov model to assess the cost-effectiveness of Indonesia’s current BCG vaccination programme. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were evaluated from the perspectives of both society and healthcare. The robustness of the analysis was confirmed through univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA). Using epidemiological data compiled for Indonesia, BCG vaccination at a price US$14 was estimated to be a cost-effective strategy in controlling TB disease. From societal and healthcare perspectives, ICERs were US$104 and US$112 per quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), respectively. The results were robust for variations of most variables in the univariate analysis. Notably, the vaccine’s effectiveness regarding disease protection, vaccination costs, and case detection rates were key drivers for cost-effectiveness. The PSA results indicated that vaccination was cost-effective even at US$175 threshold in 95% of cases, approximating the monthly GDP per capita. Our findings suggest that this strategy was highly cost-effective and merits prioritization and extension within the national TB programme. Our results may be relevant for other high endemic low- and middle-income countries.

scholarly journals Cost Effectiveness of Transbronchial Needle Aspiration

1999 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 332-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A Crocket ◽  
Eric YL Wong ◽  
Dale C Lien ◽  
Khanh Gia Nguyen ◽  
Michelle R Chaput ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Benign Disease ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Transbronchial Needle Aspiration ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
The Cost

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the yield and cost effectiveness of transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) in the assessment of mediastinal and/or hilar lymphadenopathy.DESIGN: Retrospective study.SETTING: A university hospital.POPULATION STUDIED: Ninety-six patients referred for bronchoscopy with computed tomographic evidence of significant mediastinal or hilar adenopathy.RESULTS: Ninety-nine patient records were reviewed. Three patients had two separate bronchoscopy procedures. TBNA was positive in 42 patients (44%) and negative in 54 patients. Of the 42 patients with a positive aspirate, 40 had malignant cytology and two had cells consistent with benign disease. The positive TBNA result altered management in 22 of 40 patients with malignant disease and one of two patients with benign disease, thereby avoiding further diagnostic procedures. The cost of these subsequent procedures was estimated at $27,335. No complications related to TBNA were documented.CONCLUSIONS: TBNA is a high-yield, safe and cost effective procedure for the diagnosis and staging of bronchogenic cancer.

The cost-effectiveness of insulin analogs and regular insulin for diabetes control: a case study in Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4/5) ◽  
pp. 323-331
Author(s):  
Mohsen pakdaman ◽  
Raheleh akbari ◽  
Hamid reza Dehghan ◽  
Asra Asgharzadeh ◽  
Mahdieh Namayandeh
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Regular Insulin ◽  
Diabetes Control ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Insulin Analogs ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost

PurposeFor years, traditional techniques have been used for diabetes treatment. There are two major types of insulin: insulin analogs and regular insulin. Insulin analogs are similar to regular insulin and lead to changes in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. The purpose of the present research was to determine the cost-effectiveness of insulin analogs versus regular insulin for diabetes control in Yazd Diabetes Center in 2017.Design/methodology/approachIn this descriptive–analytical research, the cost-effectiveness index was used to compare insulin analogs and regular insulin (pen/vial) for treatment of diabetes. Data were analyzed in the TreeAge Software and a decision tree was constructed. A 10% discount rate was used for ICER sensitivity analysis. Cost-effectiveness was examined from a provider's perspective.FindingsQALY was calculated to be 0.2 for diabetic patients using insulin analogs and 0.05 for those using regular insulin. The average cost was $3.228 for analog users and $1.826 for regular insulin users. An ICER of $0.093506/QALY was obtained. The present findings suggest that insulin analogs are more cost-effective than regular insulin.Originality/valueThis study was conducted using a cost-effectiveness analysis to evaluate insulin analogs versus regular insulin in controlling diabetes. The results of study are helpful to the government to allocate more resources to apply the cost-effective method of the treatment and to protect patients with diabetes from the high cost of treatment.

scholarly journals Screening for Melanoma by Primary Health Care Physicians: A Cost—Effectiveness Analysis

1996 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afaf Girgis ◽  
Philip Clarke ◽  
Robert C Burton ◽  
Rob W Sanson—Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Screening Programme ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Family Practitioners ◽  
Effectiveness Analysis ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Primary Health Care Physicians ◽  
Melanoma Screening

Background and design— Australia has the highest rates of skin cancer in the world, and the incidence is estimated to be doubling every 10 years. Despite advances in the early detection and treatment of melanoma about 800 people still die nationally of the disease each year. A possible strategy for further reducing the mortality from melanoma is an organised programme of population screening for unsuspected lesions in asymptomatic people. Arguments against introducing melanoma screening have been based on cost and the lack of reliable data on the efficacy of any screening tests. To date, however, there has been no systematic economic assessment of the cost effectiveness of melanoma screening. The purpose of this research was to determine whether screening may be potentially cost effective and, therefore, warrants further investigation. A computer was used to simulate the effects of a hypothetical melanoma screening programme that was in operation for 20 years, using cohorts of Australians aged 50 at the start of the programme. Based on this simulation, cost—effectiveness estimates of melanoma screening were calculated. Results— Under the standard assumptions used in the model, and setting the sensitivity of the screening test (visual inspection of the skin) at 60%, cost effectiveness ranged from Aust$6853 per life year saved for men if screening was undertaken five yearly to $12137 if screening was two yearly. For women, it ranged from $11 102 for five yearly screening to $20 877 for two yearly screening. Conclusion— The analysis suggests that a melanoma screening programme could be cost effective, particularly if five yearly screening is implemented by family practitioners for men over the age of 50.

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