Synthesis of Curcumin Nanoparticle from Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb Extract by Solvent-Antisolvent Precipitation Method

A B S T R A C TCurcumin is an active compound found in temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) extract which is widely used for biomedical application. However, the utilization of curcumin is still limited due to its properties i.e. hydrophobicity, poor stability, and low water solubility. Modification of curcumin molecule and process optimization during the extraction and purification process is needed to minimize the aforementioned limitations. One of the approaches is producing curcumin in nano size. This present research aims to optimize the synthesis of curcumin nanoparticle from Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. extract using solvent-antisolvent precipitation method. Curcumin colour stability was also enhanced by controlling the pH during raw materials preparation. The obtained curcumin nanoparticle was then characterized using particle size analysis (PSA). Result showed that Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. extract colour could be controlled by maintaining acidic environment. At the pH of 3, yellow colour of extract was obtained, meanwhile at neutral pH, the colour of extract changed into dark brown. PSA result showed that optimum stirring condition of precipitation process was obtained using 500 rpm stirring rate for 45 minutes which resulted in curcumin nanoparticle in the size range of 164.37±3.29 nm. Thus, by controlling the pH of extract at 3 during extraction process and using optimum stirring condition at 500 rpm for 45 minutes during precipitation process, more stable and soluble curcumin was successfully produced. A B S T R A KKurkumin merupakan salah satu senyawa aktif yang terkandung dalam ekstrak temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) yang banyak digunakan untuk aplikasi biomedis. Meskipun demikian, pemanfaatan kurkumin masih terbatas dikarenakan sifatnya yang hidrofobik, stabilitas yang rendah, serta kelarutan di air yang rendah. Modifikasi kurkumin serta optimisasi proses ekstraksi maupun purifikasi perlu dilakukan untuk mengatasi kelemahan tersebut. Salah satu pendekatan yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan membuat kurkumin dalam ukuran nano. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengoptimasi pembuatan nanopartikel kurkumin dari ekstrak Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. menggunakan metode presipitasi solven-antisolven. Stabilitas warna kurkumin dijaga dengan mengontrol pH saat persiapan bahan baku. Hasil nanopartikel kurkumin yang didapat kemudian dianalisis menggunakan particle size analysis (PSA). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa warna ekstrak Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. dapat dijaga pada kondisi asam. Pada pH 3, ekstrak berwarna kuning cerah sedangkan pada pH netral, warna ekstrak berubah menjadi coklat gelap. Hasil PSA menunjukkan bahwa kondisi pengadukan yang optimum pada saat proses presipitasi diperoleh menggunakan kecepatan pengadukan 500 rpm selama 45 menit yang menghasilkan nanopartikel kurkumin dengan ukuran 164,37±3,29 nm. Dengan mengontrol ekstrak pada pH 3 selama proses ekstraksi dan menggunakan kondisi pengadukan optimum pada 500 rpm selama 45 menit pada proses presipitasi, kurkumin dengan stabilitas dan kelarutan yang baik dapat diperoleh.

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Particle Size Analysis of the Synthesised ZrO2 from Natural Zircon Sand with Variation of pH Deposition Using Alkali Fusion-Coprecipitation Method

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.966.89 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 966 ◽

pp. 89-94 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Cahyaning Fajar Kresna Murti ◽

Herman Aldila ◽

Endarko ◽

Triwikantoro

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Crystal Size ◽

Precipitation Method ◽

Size Analysis ◽

Precipitation Process ◽

Powder Particle Size ◽

Alkali Fusion ◽

Natural Zircon ◽

Zircon Sand ◽

Co Precipitation

Zirconia (ZrO2) is one of the refractory ceramic materials that have applications in several fields. The aim of this study was to synthesis ZrO2 from natural zircon sand collected from Kereng Pangi, Central Kalimantan with a variation of pH deposition using alkali fusion co-precipitation method. The synthesized ZrO2 began with the preparation process involved magnetic separation, milling, and leaching with HCl. Furthermore, the alkali fusion process was used KOH solution and heated in an electrical furnace at 700°C for 3 h whereas the co-precipitation process was carried out using a filtrate mixed with the NH4OH solution to reach a pH variation between 3–11 and then precipitated for 12 h. The precipitates were dried in an oven and then calcined at 800°C for 3 h. The structure of synthesized ZrO2 was characterized using XRD and the particle sizes were measured using particle size analyzer (PSA). The XRD analysis showed that the identified phase of zirconia powder is tetragonal with a crystal size in nanometer size. Result of PSA measurement revealed that the crystal size decreased in the range pH of 3 - 7, but increased in the range pH of 7 - 11. The biggest powder particle size could be achieved at 260 nm with pH 7 whereas the smallest size was at 143 nm occurred at pH 3.

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Contrasting Morphology of Calcium Phosphate Powders Prepared by the Wet Method Using Poly (Ethylene Glycol)

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.587-588.32 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 587-588 ◽

pp. 32-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Susana Dias ◽

Vera Lourenço ◽

Carlos A. Nogueira ◽

Fernando A. Costa Oliveira

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Particle Size Distribution ◽

Ethylene Glycol ◽

Size Distribution ◽

Particle Size Analysis ◽

Precipitation Method ◽

Size Analysis ◽

Poly Ethylene Glycol ◽

Poly Ethylene ◽

Experimental Findings

When preparing β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), it is difficult to industrialise traditional methods because of the problem of particle aggregation. In this paper, β-TCP was prepared by calcining calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) powders obtained by the wet precipitation method at pH=6 and 40 °C, together with additions of poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG), in order to prevent powder agglomeration. The effect of the Ca/PEG mass ratio on the particle size distribution and the morphology of the resulting powders was evaluated. For comparison purposes, one powder without PEG addition was also synthesized. All synthesized powders were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction analysis, particle size analysis and scanning electron microscopy prior and after calcination in static air at 1000 °C for 15 h. Single-phase β-TCP powders have been obtained by calcining CDHA powders in the temperature range of 850°C-1150°C. It was also found that increasing the PEG content in solution decreased the particle size distribution of the agglomerated particles and the β→α-TCP transition temperature. A plausible explanation consistent with these experimental findings is proposed.

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Comparative study of particle size analysis of hydroxyapatite-based nanomaterials

Chemical Papers ◽

10.2478/s11696-013-0409-6 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 67 (11) ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Réka Barabás ◽

Melinda Czikó ◽

Imre Dékány ◽

Liliana Bizo ◽

Erzsébet Bogya

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Binding Mode ◽

Particle Size Analysis ◽

Coulter Counter ◽

Vinyl Pyrrolidone ◽

Precipitation Method ◽

Size Analysis ◽

Particle Sizes ◽

Synthesis Time

AbstractThe purpose of this work was to compare hydroxyapatite (HAP) and composites of HAP, HAP with chitosan (CS), and HAP with poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP), in terms of their particle size and morphology, using different methods, such as Coulter counter analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Although many researchers have studied HAP and CS/HAP and PVP/HAP composites extensively, there is no evidence of a comparative study of their particle sizes. For this reason, different complementary methods have been used so as to provide a more complete image of final product properties — particle size — from the perspective of possible applications. The syntheses of HAP and HAP with polymer nanoparticles were carried out employing a precipitation method. Variation in particle size with synthesis time and influence of the reactants’ concentration on the materials’ preparation were systematically explored. Crystallite size calculated from XRD data revealed nanosized particles of HAP, CS/HAP, and PVP/HAP materials in the range of 2.5–9.2 nm. Coulter counter analysis revealed mean particle sizes of one thousand orders of magnitude larger, confirming that this technique measures agglomerates, not individual particles. In addition, the particles’ morphology and an assessment of their binding mode were completed by TEM measurements.

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Preparation and evaluation of famotidine nanosuspension

Al Mustansiriyah Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.32947/ajps.18.02.0370 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 13-23

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Water Solubility ◽

Precipitation Method ◽

H2 Receptor Antagonist ◽

Poloxamer 188 ◽

Antisolvent Precipitation ◽

Fixed Drug ◽

Optimum Formula ◽

Preparation And Evaluation ◽

Formulation Variables

Famotidine (FM) is a potent H2-receptor antagonist used for the treatment of peptic ulcer. It has a low and variable bioavailability which is attributed to its low water solubility. There are many methods used to increase dissolution rate of drug and in this study, the dissolution of the drug was enhanced by the preparation of nanosuspension. Famotidine nanosuspension was prepared by antisolvent precipitation method, where famotidine dissolved in methanol at room temperature and emptied into water containing different types of stabilizers (single and in combination). The optimum formula (F9) was selected according to particle size (362.8nm) and release profile (80 % of drug release within the 10 minutes) in comparison to pure famotidine powder release. The influence of formulation variables like the type and concentration of stabilizers Polyvinyl pyrrolidone K30, polyvinyl alcohol and poloxamer 188 (PVP K-30, PVA and poloxamer 188) in addition to combination of stabilizers on particle size of drug nanosuspensions were studied. The result showed that single stabilizer (poloxamer 188) has perfect surface affinity and could form a substantial mechanical and thermodynamic barrier at the interface of dug molecule. As the concentration of stabilizer increases the particle size decreases at fixed drug concentration (drug: stabilizer ratio 1:2).

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