scholarly journals AKI Associated with Synthetic Cannabinoids: A Case Series

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gautam Kantilal Bhanushali ◽  
Gaurav Jain ◽  
Huma Fatima ◽  
Leah J. Leisch ◽  
Denyse Thornley-Brown
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Cannabinoids ◽  
Case Series

Signs and symptoms associated with synthetic cannabinoid toxicity: systematic review

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 598-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Courts ◽  
Virginia Maskill ◽  
Andrew Gray ◽  
Paul Glue
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Emergency Services ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Synthetic Cannabinoids ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Synthetic Cannabinoid ◽  
Symptom Reporting ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Study Population

Aims: Use of synthetic cannabinoids is associated with significant physical and psychological harms. This research quantified reported toxicities from published reports and assessed the influence of size of the reported study population on rates of symptom reporting. Methods: Systematic review of published case reports and case series of toxicity associated with use of synthetic cannabinoids. Results: Symptoms associated with synthetic cannabinoid toxicity were reported for 3695 individuals, predominantly young males. Symptoms included physiological (e.g. tachycardia, hypertension, nausea/vomiting), emotional (e.g. agitation, irritability, paranoia), behavioural (e.g. drowsiness, aggression) and perceptual (e.g. hallucinations) domains. Most common symptoms were tachycardia (30.2% of cases), agitation (13.5%), drowsiness (12.3%), nausea/vomiting (8.2%) and hallucinations (7.6%). Death or serious medical complications were uncommon (e.g. death 0.2%, stroke 0.1%, myocardial infarction 0.09%). Case reports/smaller case series ( n<10) reported statistically significantly higher rates for 29/34 symptoms than larger case series ( n≥10), which could represent selection bias. Conclusions: Symptoms of synthetic cannabinoid toxicity are variable and cover a number of physical and psychological domains. Symptom reporting varies by study population size. Due to the variable presenting symptoms of synthetic cannabinoid toxicity, clinicians in emergency services should consider synthetic cannabinoid toxicity when evaluating young adult male patients presenting with unexplained agitation or cardiovascular symptoms.

Driving under the influence of synthetic cannabinoids (“Spice”): a case series

2013 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Musshoff ◽  
Burkhard Madea ◽  
Gerhard Kernbach-Wighton ◽  
Wolfgang Bicker ◽  
Stefan Kneisel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Cannabinoids ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Driving Under The Influence

scholarly journals Intravenous Lipid Emulsion Therapy for Acute Synthetic Cannabinoid Intoxication: Clinical Experience in Four Cases

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gökhan Aksel ◽  
Özlem Güneysel ◽  
Tanju Taşyürek ◽  
Ergül Kozan ◽  
Şebnem Eren Çevik
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Sinus Rhythm ◽  
Lipid Emulsion ◽  
Synthetic Cannabinoids ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Synthetic Cannabinoid ◽  
Bundle Branch Block ◽  
Junctional Rhythm ◽  
Intravenous Lipid Emulsion ◽  
The Third

There is no specific antidote for intoxication with synthetic cannabinoids. In this case series, we considered the efficiency of intravenous lipid emulsion therapy in four cases, who presented to emergency department with synthetic cannabinoid (bonzai) intoxication. The first patient had a GCS of 3 and a left bundle branch block on electrocardiography. The electrocardiography revealed sinus rhythm with normal QRS width after the treatment. The second patient had bradycardia, hypotension, and a GCS of 14. After intravenous lipid emulsion therapy, the bradycardia resolved, and the patient’s GCS improved to 15. The third patient presented with a GCS of 8, and had hypotension and bradycardia. After the treatment, not only did the bradycardia resolve, but also the GCS improved to 15. The fourth patient, whose electrocardiography revealed accelerated junctional rhythm, had a GCS of 13. The patient’s rhythm was sinus after the treatment. Cardiovascular recovery was seen in all four cases, and neurological recovery was also seen in three of them. Based on the fact that intravenous lipid emulsion is beneficial in patients intoxicated with lipophilic drugs, unstable patients presenting to the emergency department with acute synthetic cannabinoid intoxication may be candidates for intravenous lipid emulsion treatment.

Use of Synthetic Cannabinoids in Patients With Psychotic Disorders: Case Series

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreja Celofiga ◽  
Jure Koprivsek ◽  
Janez Klavz
Keyword(s):  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Synthetic Cannabinoids ◽  
Case Series

Intoxication from the novel synthetic cannabinoids AB-PINACA and ADB-PINACA: A case series and review of the literature

2018 ◽  
Vol 134 ◽  
pp. 82-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patil Armenian ◽  
Michael Darracq ◽  
Jirair Gevorkyan ◽  
Shane Clark ◽  
Bryan Kaye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Cannabinoids ◽  
Case Series ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Review Of The Literature

scholarly journals Acute Intoxication Caused by a Synthetic Cannabinoid in Two Adolescents

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis S. Heath ◽  
Zachary Burroughs ◽  
A. Jill Thompson ◽  
Frederick W. Tecklenburg
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Synthetic Cannabinoids ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Altered Mental Status ◽  
Synthetic Cannabinoid ◽  
Myocardial Infarctions ◽  
Loss Of Consciousness

Illicit drug use continues to be a common problem among pediatric patients. Daily marijuana use among high school seniors is currently at a 30-year high. Marijuana use in adults has rarely been associated with cardiovascular adverse effects, including hypertension, tachycardia, arrhythmia, and myocardial infarction. Recently, abuse of synthetic cannabinoids, such as the incense “K2” or “Spice,” has been increasingly reported in the lay press and medical literature. Overdose and chronic use of these substances may cause adverse effects including altered mental status, tachycardia, and loss of consciousness. Overdoses in adult patients have been described; however, limited reports in the pediatric population have been documented. A recent case series describes myocardial infarctions in pediatric patients, associated with synthetic cannabinoid use. In this report, we describe two adolescent patients admitted after they inhaled “K2,” resulting in loss of consciousness, tachycardia, and diffuse pain.

scholarly journals The Chameleon-Like Properties of Psychoactive Drugs: Examinations with HR LC-MS/MS Technology of Patients Presenting at the Emergency Department Following the Use of Synthetic Cannabinoids: A Case Series and Literature Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail Altintop ◽  
Cigdem Karakukcu
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Synthetic Cannabinoids ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Prospective Data ◽  
Training And Research ◽  
New Generation

The chameleon can disguise itself in nature by taking on different colors and forms. As synthetic cannabinoids (SC) have clinically similar effects to those of several psychoactive agents, they are one of the most difficult intoxications to diagnose. The reasons for this are due to clinical variations throughout the world and the differences in symptoms having not been determined due to their similarity to the intoxication of several other drugs. The aim of this study was to obtain prospective data of patients presenting at the Emergency Department (ED) with suspected SC intoxication, and as a result of prospective examination of samples, to determine a new generation of SC use, SC types, clinical findings, and treatments. Method: A total of a 15 patients with suspected SC intoxication who presented at the ED of the Health Sciences University Kayseri Training and Research Hospital between January 2017 and January 2018 were examined. Samples taken prospectively from patients who were followed-up for a diagnosis of SC intoxication were examined with the HR LC-MS/MS method; SC were determined, and the test results of other psychoactive agents that were used concurrently were examined. Conclusions: Three significant findings emerged as a result of this study. Firstly, due to the different clinical forms of presentation at ED associated with SC use and the range of intoxications that cannot be diagnosed, advanced laboratory tests are required, in addition to routine tests for the determination of SC. Secondly, those diagnosed as having taken SC were also determined to have used it concurrently with substances that have a high potential for addiction, such as amphetamines and quetiapine. Thirdly, in regard to examples of cases presented in the literature, anti-psychotics, fluid hydration, and anxiolytics can be used as treatment options for those diagnosed with SC use.

scholarly journals Heroin Adulterated with the Novel Synthetic Cannabinoid, 5F-MDMB-PINACA: A Case Series

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammed Ershad ◽  
Maricel Dela Cruz ◽  
Ahmed Mostafa ◽  
Muhammad Khalid ◽  
Ryan Arnold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Synthetic Cannabinoids ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Synthetic Cannabinoid ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Depressant Effect ◽  
Urine Retention ◽  
Anticholinergic Effects

Introduction: Heroin can be adulterated with various substances that may or may not have pharmacological effects. Here we report a case series of 8 patients who presented to the emergency department after overdose with intravenous heroin preparation adulterated with the synthetic cannabinoid methyl 2-(1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamido)-3,3-dimethylbutanoate (5F-MDMB-PINACA). Case Series: Except for one patient, all of them presented with a typical initial opioid toxidrome consisting of central nervous system and respiratory depression along with pinpoint pupils. Naloxone was given to them, triggering severe agitation and combative behavior along with overlapping features of anticholinergic and sympathomimetic toxidrome. All patients required multiple doses of benzodiazepines. Three were successfully treated with physostigmine. Discussion: 5F-MDMB-PINACA is a synthetic cannabinoid that was added to heroin in samples obtained from patients reported in this case series. Patients demonstrated significant agitation after receiving naloxone for opioid toxidrome, presumably because of the removal of the depressant effect of opioids, which unmasked the excitatory effects of the synthetic cannabinoids. Three patients required physostigmine along with the benzodiazepines for control of their agitation, urine retention and abnormal vitals, suggesting the possibility of an anticholinergic toxidrome to have developed in these patients. Conclusion: Heroin contaminated with 5F-MDMB-PINACA exhibits variable severities of anticholinergic effects, some on presentation and others only after opiate antagonism.

Acute intoxication caused by synthetic cannabinoids 5F-ADB and MMB-2201: A case series

2017 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. e10-e14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardino Barceló ◽  
Simona Pichini ◽  
Victoria López-Corominas ◽  
Isabel Gomila ◽  
Christopher Yates ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Cannabinoids ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Acute Intoxication
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