scholarly journals COMPARISON OF THREE EXTRACTION METHODS OF ALLOPURINOL IN URIC ACID HERBAL MEDICINE WITH HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY QUANTIFICATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 141-147
Author(s):  
RIMADANI PRATIWI ◽  
RASPATI D. MULYANINGSIH ◽  
NYI M. SAPTARINI
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Filtering Method ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Parameters Of Accuracy

Objective: This study was aimed to understand and determine the effectiveness of allopurinol extraction in herbal medicine from three extraction methods based on parameters of accuracy and precision. Methods: The study consisted of three methods including dissolving and filtering, liquid-liquid extraction, and solid-phase extraction with mixed-mode cation exchanger (SPE-MCX). The procedures were carried out using NaOH and HCl in dissolving and filtering method; methanol, HCl, and ethyl acetate in liquid-liquid extraction; and NH4OH elution solvent in SPE-MCX. Results: The results showed that extraction effectiveness based on accuracy level was the dissolving and filtering method>SPE-MCX>liquid-liquid extraction with % recovery+SD of 91.314+2.903%, 87.533+4.950%, and 54.549+3.517%, respectively. The precision level was the dissolution and filtering method>SPE-MCX>liquid-liquid extraction based on % relative standard deviations (RSD) of 3.18%, 5.226%, and 6.446%, respectively. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the allopurinol extraction method with the highest effectiveness based on accuracy and precision parameters in herbal medicine is the dissolving and filtering method.

scholarly journals Extraction and Analysis of Tetrahydrocannabinol, A Cannabis Compound in Oral Fluid

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Zhiyuan Mi ◽  
Jiangtao Su ◽  
Xiangyu You ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Testing ◽  
Oral Fluid ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Phase Extraction ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Target

Although misuse and abuse of Cannabis is well known, the health benefits have been proved by various biomedical studies. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the major active substance in leaves of Cannabis, which is the common target for drug testing. In field drug testing, oral fluid (OF) has its unique advantages over other specimens such as blood, urine, and hair. Thus the study of THC in OF is gaining popularity in Cannabis research. In this review, extraction methods are introduced in three categories, which are Liquid-Liquid Extraction (LLE), Solid Phase Extraction (SPE), and Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE). Examples of application with each method will be covered. Advantages and disadvantages of these methods will be compared. In addition, methods in analysis following extraction will be briefly discussed.

scholarly journals Liquid-liquid extraction combined with high performance liquid chromatography-diode array-ultra-violet for simultaneous determination of antineoplastic drugs in plasma

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ananda Lima Sanson ◽  
Suéllen Cristina Rennó Silva ◽  
Matheus Coutinho Gonçalves Martins ◽  
Alexandre Giusti-Paiva ◽  
Patrícia Penido Maia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Diode Array ◽  
Antineoplastic Drugs ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Relative Standard

A liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) combined with high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection method for simultaneous analysis of four chemically and structurally different antineoplastic drugs (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, 5-fluorouracil and ifosfamide) was developed. The assay was performed by isocratic elution, with a C18 column (5 µm, 250 x 4.6 mm) and mobile phase constituted by water pH 4.0- acetonitrile-methanol (68:19:13, v/v/v), which allowed satisfactory separation of the compounds of interest. LLE, with ethyl acetate, was used for sample clean-up with recoveries ranging from 60 to 98%. The linear ranges were from 0.5 to 100 µg mL-1, for doxorubicin and 1 to 100 µg mL-1, for the other compounds. The relative standard deviations ranged from 5.5 to 17.7%. This method is a fast and simple alternative that can be used, simultaneously, for the determination of the four drugs in plasma, with a range enabling quantification of the drugs in pharmacokinetics, bioequivalence and therapeutic drug-monitoring studies.

scholarly journals Stir bar-sorptive extraction, solid phase extraction and liquid-liquid extraction for levetiracetam determination in human plasma: comparing recovery rates

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila Freitas-Lima ◽  
Flavia Isaura Santi Ferreira ◽  
Carlo Bertucci ◽  
Veriano Alexandre Júnior ◽  
Sônia Aparecida Carvalho Dreossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase Extraction ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Phase Extraction ◽  
Recovery Rates ◽  
Sorptive Extraction ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Relative Standard

<p>Levetiracetam (LEV), an antiepileptic drug (AED) with favorable pharmacokinetic profile, is increasingly being used in clinical practice, although information on its metabolism and disposition are still being generated. Therefore a simple, robust and fast liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) followed by high-performance liquid chromatography method is described that could be used for both pharmacokinetic and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) purposes. Moreover, recovery rates of LEV in plasma were compared among LLE, stir bar-sorptive extraction (SBSE), and solid-phase extraction (SPE). Solvent extraction with dichloromethane yielded a plasma residue free from usual interferences such as commonly co-prescribed AEDs, and recoveries around 90% (LLE), 60% (SPE) and 10% (SBSE). Separation was obtained using reverse phase Select B column with ultraviolet detection (235 nm). Mobile phase consisted of methanol:sodium acetate buffer 0.125 M pH 4.4 (20:80, v/v). The method was linear over a range of 2.8-220.0 µg mL<sup>-1</sup>. The intra- and inter-assay precision and accuracy were studied at three concentrations; relative standard deviation was less than 10%. The limit of quantification was 2.8 µg mL<sup>-1</sup>. This robust method was successfully applied to analyze plasma samples from patients with epilepsy and therefore might be used for pharmacokinetic and TDM purposes.</p>

Efficiency evaluation of extraction methods of selected benzodiazepine derivatives from human serum and whole blood and the reactivity phenomenon in immunoassay for benzodiazepines

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-114
Author(s):  
Barbara Potocka-Banaś ◽  
Teresa Dembińska ◽  
Krzysztof Borowiak
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase Extraction ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Phase Extraction ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Benzodiazepine Derivatives

The aim of the study was to compare efficiency of various extraction methods of benzodiazepine derivatives: diazepam, estazolam, flunitrazepam and nitrazepam. The study compared the recovery of benzodiazepines isolated from biological material (blood and human blood serum) using liquid-liquid extraction and solid-phase extraction. The efficiency of each extraction was evaluated using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector. In addition, benzodiazepines immunoassay reactivity was estimated. The following methods of extraction were used: liquid-liquid extraction (a classical liquid-liquid extraction and microextraction), solid- -phase extraction (Baker’s columns and United Chemical Technologies’ (UTC columns). The reactivity was evaluated using V-Twin System with EMIT technology by Siemens. The results showed that the lowest recovery (nitrazepam – 16%, diazepam – 23%, flunitrazepam – 28%, estazolam – 37%) was obtained using liquid-liquid microextraction of whole blood and the highest recovery was obtained in solid-phase extraction of whole blood using United Chemical Technologies’ columns (nitrazepam – 86%, diazepam – 89%, estazolam – 91%, flunitrazepam – 94%). The lowest recovery in classical liquid-liquid extraction was obtained for diazepam isolated from whole blood (36%), and the highest – for flunitrazepam isolated from serum (74%). Solid-phase extraction with Baker’s columns was successful only in case of drugs isolation from serum and the recovery range from 57% to 89% for flunitrazepam. The results indicated higher efficiency of solid-phase extraction, especially with use of columns specific for the extraction of benzodiazepines. The immunoassay analysis showed a decreased reactivity of the tested benzodiazepine derivatives on the reagent used for the EMIT assay. Comparative analysis of the recovery efficiency of selected benzodiazepine derivatives led to the conclusion that use of solid-phase extraction should be considered more often in routine toxicological analysis. The knowledge of benzodiazepine derivatives cross-reactivity in immunoassay method is essential for correct interpretation of obtained results.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Liquid-Liquid Extraction, Solid Phase Extraction, and Headspace Technique for Determination of Some Volatile Water-Soluble Compounds of Rose Aromatic Water

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hale Seçilmiş Canbay
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase Extraction ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Phase Extraction ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Cosmetic Industry

Steam distillation is used to isolate scent of rose flowers. Rose aromatic water is commonly used in European cuisine and aromatherapy besides its use in cosmetic industry for its lovely scent. In this study, three different sampling techniques, liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), headspace technique (HS), and solid phase extraction (SPE), were compared for the analysis of volatile water-soluble compounds in commercial rose aromatic water. Some volatile water-soluble compounds of rose aromatic water were also analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS). In any case, it was concluded that one of the solid phase extraction methods led to higher recoveries for 2-phenylethyl alcohol (PEA) in the rose aromatic water than the liquid-liquid extraction and headspace technique. Liquid-liquid extraction method provided higher recovery ratios for citronellol, nerol, and geraniol than others. Ideal linear correlation coefficient values were observed by GCMS for quantitative analysis of volatile compounds (r2≥0.999). Optimized methods showed acceptable repeatability (RSDs < 5%) and excellent recovery (>95%). For compounds such as α-pinene, linalool, β-caryophyllene, α-humulene, methyl eugenol, and eugenol, the best recovery values were obtained with LLE and SPE.

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