Живопись и графика П. И. Емчегировой 1930–1950-х гг. (по материалам музейных и частных коллекций)

Author(s):  
Svetlana G. Batyreva ◽  

Goals. The article aims at examining visual arts of pre-war Kalmykia and the deportation period (1943‒1957) through the example of P. I. Emchegirova (1907–1992) ― first ethnic Kalmyk female painter ― and her works. The artistic path remains understudied and is of special interest due to a unique nature of art pieces. Studies of the cultural heritage are complicated by the absence of documents and archival sources completely lost during the Siberian deportation. Materials and Methods. The work analyzes paintings, drawings and pieces of applied art created by P. I. Emchegirova virtually for over half a century and stored at the Palmov National Museum of Kalmykia, State Vladimir Suzdal Museum Reserve, and in family archives. The analysis of artistic images created by P. I. Emchegirova involves methods of art history, cultural studies, and ethnology. Results. The paper introduces data on previously unknown works of the visual artist that significantly extend the thematic range developed by Kalmyks painters in the 1930s–1950s, reveal ethnic specifics in P. I. Emchegirova’s activities, and deepen the understanding of local arts as an integral part to 20th-century Kalmykia’s history and culture. The study also attempts at historical and cultural reconstructions to somewhat restore lost fine arts, which may classify the former as an interdisciplinary research. There are also some data on the painter’s heritage from 1957 onwards.

Art Journal ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
John Moffitt ◽  
W. Eugene Kleinbauer
Keyword(s):  

2021 ◽  
Vol IX(258) (47) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
V. Honcharuk

The present article examines the special characteristics of the development of small-scale sculpture as an independent phenomenon in Lviv fine arts of the second half of the 20th century within the framework of the interpretation of a human being image, since the following problem has not been sufficiently studied in Ukrainian art criticism. In particular, the research focuses on the specific features of artistic experiments of the representatives of decorative and applied art in the field of anthropomorphic sculpture; traces characteristic features of conceptual and modelling solutions; identifies artistic and stylistic features and peculiarities of the representation of a human being image. The author stresses upon the role of Lviv Ceramic and Sculpture Factory that largely set trends in the development of small-scale sculpture. In addition, as based on works of famous representatives of Lviv school of decorative arts, the author identifies the variety of interpretations and wide range of modelling means as well as traces the most vivid anthropomorphic designs.


Author(s):  
Michael Podro

Ernst Gombrich was a prominent art historian in the UK and probably its best known humanist scholar during the last forty years of the 20th century. The status derived from two apparently unrelated features of his work: he wrote deliberately for a wide audience, most obviously in his highly successful Story of Art first published in 1950, while his standing in the academic world, both within and beyond the field of art history, was established by Art and Illusion published in 1960; here he reconstructed some of the basic concepts in which the development of the visual arts could be discussed, introducing into the literature of art history a greatly enriched understanding of perceptual psychology. The two factors — his address to a general audience and his conceptual innovations in Art and Illusion — were intimately related because his use of experiments from the perceptual psychologists, appealing to effects which his readers and lecture audiences could test on themselves, lessened the sense that art was an arcane activity isolated from our everyday world.


1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-23
Author(s):  
Marjana Lipoglavšek

Present day Slovenia has inherited a number of historic libraries and collections, one of which provided the foundations of the National and University Library at Ljubljana, the major library for arts and humanities. There are also a number of specialised art libraries within and outside the University of Ljubljana, including the library of the University’s Department of Art History, the Library of the Academy of Fine Arts, and the libraries of the National Museum, the Museum of Modern Art, and the Museum of Architecture, all in Ljubljana. Slovenian libraries have been or are being automated and linked together through the COBISS network; most of the academic libraries are connected to the Internet. Library training programmes are available at degree level, and students can study another subject, such as art history, as well. More art librarians are needed, as is an association of art libraries and art librarians.


Author(s):  
Veronika Zaitseva

The purpose of the article is to analyze the essence of the method of stylization and determine its creative and expressive role in various genres of fine arts. Based on the experience of the world and domestic visual art to explore the practical use of methods and techniques of artistic stylization. The methodology consists of the application of general scientific methods (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction) and methods of art history (comparative, typological, descriptive). The scientific novelty of the work consists in a comprehensive study and identification of the features of expressive means of artistic stylization of a pictorial composition in different genres of modern fine art. Conclusions. Exploring the expressive means of artistic stylization of composition in various genres of fine arts, it can be noted that leading foreign and domestic artists in their work have widely used a variety of techniques and methods of creative stylization of artistic images. The analysis of the experience of the world and domestic visual art of fine stylization should promote better visual perception and creation of subject-spatial stylized compositions and is, therefore, an extremely fruitful object of research.


Author(s):  
Михаил Михайлович Верхоланцев

Европейская графика, как и все изобразительное искусство, всегда стремилась к станковости, к максимальному освобождению от пут прикладничества (Вильям Моррис с его идеями внедрения искусства в промышленность – редкое исключение). Станковая графика в Европе так и называется «Freigraphik», то есть свободная, вольная графика. Русское искусство, напротив, долго оставалось в рамках восточных традиций декоративной двухмерности. Только после реформ патриарха Никона русское изобразительное искусство бросилось догонять «западный прогресс», давно устремившийся к веризму и фотографии. Именно плоскостной подоплекой русской графики и объясняется популярность в России гравюры на дереве. Ксилография, даже репродукционная, имитировавшая в XIX веке фотографическую трехмерность, упрямо вцепившись в плоскость листа, не давала разыграться духу станковости. Начало XX века вернуло ксилографию на плоскость листа, а эстетику репродукционной гравюры сочло безнадежным анахронизмом. Художник – гравер или резчик, столкнувшийся с технологическими особенностями гравирования на дереве, поневоле умнеет как художник, выбирая оптимальный путь достижения цветовой и линейной выразительности. Европейское книгопечатание целиком обязано гравюре на дереве. Подвижные литеры суть маленькие гравюры на дереве, ныне отливаемые в металле, но бывшие когда-то вырезаемы на единой доске. Еще один пример упрямого устремления ксилографии к утилитарности – это попытка уже в XVI веке употреблять ее как репродукцию живописи. В статье упоминается об изобретении кьяроскуро Уго да Карпи. Следует обратить внимание на то, что именно прикладники – ювелиры, витражисты и архитекторы XVI века широко использовали ксилографию как средство репродуцирования и широкой популяризации своих идей и изобретений. Удивительно, что эти гравюры-чертежи в наше время воспринимаются как чисто станковые произведения. Многие из авторов этих гравюр упомянуты в публикации. Художники нашего времени заметили, что гравированная или нарезанная доска гораздо красивее оттиска с нее. Это явление натолкнуло на мысль украшать громадными ксилографиями интерьеры. Так ксилография вторглась в архитектуру. В этом и состоит парадокс: ксилография большого формата, казалась бы, должна быть идеально станковой, но нет, она сохраняет за собой функции прикладничества. European graphics, like all fine arts, has always sought to easel, to maximize their freedom from practical application (William Maurice, with his ideas of introducing art into industry, is a rare exception). The easel graphics in Europe is called «Freigraphik», i.e. free graphics. Russian art, on the contrary, has long remained within the Eastern traditions of decorative two-dimensionality. Only after the reforms of Patriarch Nikon Russian art rushed to catch up with the «Western progress», long since striving for to verism and photography. It is the planar background of the Russian graphics that explains the popularity of woodcutting in Russia. Woodcut, even reproduction, imitating photographic three-dimensionality in the 19th century, stubbornly clinging to the plane of the sheet, did not let the spirit of easel play its role. The beginning of the 20th century returned woodcuts to the plane of the sheet, and considered the aesthetics of a reproductive engraving a hopeless anachronism. An engraver or a carver, faced with the technological features of wood engraving, willy-nilly becomes wiser as an artist, choosing the best way to achieve color and linear expressiveness. European typography is entirely due to woodcut. The moving letters are small woodcuts, now molded in metal, but the former were once carved on a single board. Another example of the stubborn aspiration of woodcuts to utility is an attempt in the 16th century to use it as a reproduction of painting. The article mentions the invention a chiaroscuro by Hugo da Carpi. Attention should be paid to the fact that it was applied painters-jewelers, stained glass artists and architects of the 16th century who widely used woodcuts as a means of reproducing and widely popularizing their ideas and inventions. Surprisingly, these engravings-drawings nowadays perceived as a purely easel works. Many of the authors of these prints are mentioned in this publication. Artists of our time have noticed that the engraved or chopped board is much more beautiful than the print from it. This phenomenon prompted the idea to decorate interiors with huge woodcuts. So xylography invaded architecture. This is a paradox: large-format woodcuts, it would seem, should be ideally easel, but no, it retains the functions of applied art.


Author(s):  
Anastasiya Fedorova ◽  
Galina Alekseeva

This article is devoted to the problem of preserving cultural values in the fine arts of the 60s of the 20th century — the beginning of the 21st century in the Primorsky Territory in connection with the period of perestroika in Russia. The regional features of artistic life and the main plots of canvas paintings, conveying traditional archetypes in the visual arts were studied on the basis of the original works of five leading Primorye artists of the 1960s — early 2000s. It is quite predictable that a number of value archetypes in the visual arts of the 20th–21st centuries does not lose its importance; moreover, their self-development in art gives a new driving force to fine art. Among such historically formed archetypes are the Great Mother, Hero, Tree of Life, Road (Ladder) and Fish. These symbolic images are implemented in different ways in the works of famous masters of the Primorsky Territory, such as V.S. Chebotarev, K.I. Shebeko, I.V. Rybachuk, R.V. Tushkin, V.A. Goncharenko, N.P Zhogolev, I.A. Kuznetsov, A.V. Teleshov, G.A. Omelchenko. The authors of the article identify archetypes that change their appearance in a new cultural and historical environment, but are recognizable due to the constant iconographic schemes and personal characteristics of a particular master. A new working term «axiological archetype» is proposed, which is consonant with the concept of «value archetype», which is based on the mental and value attitudes of society, expressed by the artist by means of visual arts, iconographic schemes, revealed through understanding the logic of hidden meaning. The use of an interdisciplinary approach made it possible to adapt the axiological approach to art history analysis and to present the visual arts of Primorye as a value phenomenon in the historical context of the development of Russian fine arts.


Art History ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Fajardo de Rueda

The history of colonial art in the New Kingdom of Granada, which includes present-day Colombia (the primary focus of this bibliography) and parts of modern-day Ecuador and Venezuela, starts with the chroniclers and travelers who registered works of architecture and art through the 19th century. In 1886 the inaugural Exhibition of the School of Fine Arts recognized the artistic value of religious works. At the beginning of the 20th century, the first inventories were made and inquiries about painters and sculptors began. In 1931 Juan Contreras Marqués de Lozoya wrote The History of Hispanic Art (Historia del arte hispánico), which included Spanish America for the first time. By the mid-20th century, foreign professors had visited Colombia to include art from the New Kingdom of Granada in general art history books on the Spanish Americas. Mario Buschiazzo recommended to local authorities and the general public the recognition of original and autonomous works of architecture and the creation of Institutes for Aesthetic Research. The 1960s mark the beginning of the systematic study of art and architecture, and later the iconographic and iconological method was introduced, which led to new interpretations. In 1974 the Colombian government created the National Restoration Center, and in 1975 the Spanish publishing house Salvat published the first Colombian Art History (Historia del arte colombiano), with contributions by several national scholars. The meeting on Latin American Baroque, held in Rome in 1980, guided and stimulated new research. Silvia Arango, in 1990, wrote The History of Architecture in Colombia. At the beginning of the new millennium, art history studies became more specialized. Reviews of the past have led to the careful re-examination of visual models, written sources, and their interpretation. This research has highlighted how the indigenous past, rich in cosmogonies, facilitated the reception of European culture. The first studies on textiles, altarpieces, silverware, jewelry, furniture, ceramics, engraving, and painting, together with analyses of gilders and trade associations, have now been produced. The names of new artists and artistic trades are being discovered. In sister disciplines a similar development has occurred: in architecture, considering new interpretations about constructions and urbanism, scholars have turned their attention to doctrine temples, exchange houses, bridges, and mills. Archaeology is providing useful data for historical research on buildings, urban planning, goldsmithing, and ceramics. Thus, researchers have revealed that the spectrum of artistic production is more complex than originally thought. It was not limited to evangelization through persuasive works, but also supplied the aesthetic and utilitarian requirements of a new society in formation. But colonial art has not yet been properly registered or catalogued. Much remains to be investigated about the artists and their works, and the techniques, materials, and regional contributions are not fully known.


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