scholarly journals Artistic explorations of Lviv artists of decorative and applied arts in small-scale plastics of the second half of the 20th century: image of a human being

2021 ◽  
Vol IX(258) (47) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
V. Honcharuk
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Art Criticism ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
Decorative Arts ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Applied Art ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Characteristic Features

The present article examines the special characteristics of the development of small-scale sculpture as an independent phenomenon in Lviv fine arts of the second half of the 20th century within the framework of the interpretation of a human being image, since the following problem has not been sufficiently studied in Ukrainian art criticism. In particular, the research focuses on the specific features of artistic experiments of the representatives of decorative and applied art in the field of anthropomorphic sculpture; traces characteristic features of conceptual and modelling solutions; identifies artistic and stylistic features and peculiarities of the representation of a human being image. The author stresses upon the role of Lviv Ceramic and Sculpture Factory that largely set trends in the development of small-scale sculpture. In addition, as based on works of famous representatives of Lviv school of decorative arts, the author identifies the variety of interpretations and wide range of modelling means as well as traces the most vivid anthropomorphic designs.

scholarly journals The role of Edge-Driven Convection in the generation of volcanism I: a 2D systematic study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Manjón-Cabeza Córdoba ◽  
Maxim Ballmer
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Models ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Oceanic Lithosphere ◽  
Companion Paper ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Continental Lithosphere ◽  
Transient Phenomenon ◽  
Mantle Viscosity ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract. The origin of intraplate volcanism is not explained by the plate tectonic theory, and several models have been put forward for explanation. One of these models involves Edge-Driven Convection (EDC), in which cold and thick continental lithosphere is juxtaposed to warm and thin oceanic lithosphere to trigger convective instability. To test whether EDC can produce long-lived high-volume magmatism, we run numerical models of EDC for a wide range of mantle properties and edge (i.e., the oceanic-continental transition) geometries. We find that the most important parameters that govern EDC are the rheological paramaters mantle viscosity η0 and activation energy Ea. However, even the maximum melting volumes found in our models are insufficient to account for island-building volcanism on old seafloor, such as at the Canary Islands and Cape Verde. Also, beneath old seafloor, localized EDC-related melting commonly transitions into widespread melting due to small-scale sublithospheric convection, inconsistent with the distribution of volcanism at these volcanic chains. In turn, EDC is a good candidate to sustain the formation of small seamounts on young seafloor, as it is a highly transient phenomenon that occurs in all our models soon after initiation. In a companion paper, we investigate the implications of interaction of EDC with mantle-plume activity.

scholarly journals The role of edge-driven convection in the generation of volcanism – Part 1: A 2D systematic study

Solid Earth ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 613-632
Author(s):  
Antonio Manjón-Cabeza Córdoba ◽  
Maxim D. Ballmer
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Models ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Oceanic Lithosphere ◽  
Companion Paper ◽  
Rheological Parameters ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Transient Phenomenon ◽  
Mantle Viscosity ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract. The origin of intraplate volcanism is not explained by plate tectonic theory, and several models have been put forward for explanation. One of these models involves edge-driven convection (EDC), in which cold and thick continental lithosphere is juxtaposed with warm and thin oceanic lithosphere to trigger convective instability. To test whether EDC can produce long-lived high-volume magmatism, we run numerical models of EDC for a wide range of mantle properties and edge (i.e., the oceanic–continental transition) geometries. We find that the most important parameters that govern EDC are the rheological parameters mantle viscosity η0 and activation energy Ea. However, even the maximum melting volumes predicted by our most extreme cases are insufficient to account for island-building volcanism on old seafloor, such as at the Canary Islands and Cabo Verde. Also, beneath old seafloor, localized EDC-related melting commonly transitions into widespread melting due to small-scale sublithospheric convection, inconsistent with the distribution of volcanism at these volcano chains. In turn, EDC is a good candidate to sustain the formation of small seamounts on young seafloor, as it is a highly transient phenomenon that occurs in all our models soon after initiation. In a companion paper, we investigate the implications of interaction of EDC with mantle plume activity (Manjón-Cabeza Córdoba and Ballmer, 2021).

scholarly journals Dynamics of Orographically Triggered Banded Convection in Sheared Moist Orographic Flows

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 3542-3561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Fuhrer ◽  
Christoph Schär
Keyword(s):  
Small Amplitude ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Horizontal Resolution ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Topographic Roughness ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Orographic Convection ◽  
Wind Profiles

Abstract Shallow orographic convection embedded in an unstable cap cloud can organize into convective bands. Previous research has highlighted the important role of small-amplitude topographic variations in triggering and organizing banded convection. Here, the underlying dynamical mechanisms are systematically investigated by conducting three-dimensional simulations of moist flows past a two-dimensional mountain ridge using a cloud-resolving numerical model. Most simulations address a sheared environment to account for the observed wind profiles. Results confirm that small-amplitude topographic variations can enhance the development of embedded convection and anchor quasi-stationary convective bands to a fixed location in space. The resulting precipitation patterns exhibit tremendous spatial variability, since regions receiving heavy rainfall can be only kilometers away from regions receiving little or no rain. In addition, the presence of banded convection has important repercussions on the area-mean precipitation amounts. For the experimental setup here, the gravity wave response to small-amplitude topographic variations close to the upstream edge of the cap cloud (which is forced by the larger-scale topography) is found to be the dominant triggering mechanism. Small-scale variations in the underlying topography are found to force the location and spacing of convective bands over a wide range of scales. Further, a self-sufficient mode of unsteady banded convection is investigated that does not dependent on external perturbations and is able to propagate against the mean flow. Finally, the sensitivity of model simulations of banded convection with respect to horizontal computational resolution is investigated. Consistent with predictions from a linear stability analysis, convective bands of increasingly smaller scales are favored as the horizontal resolution is increased. However, small-amplitude topographic roughness is found to trigger banded convection and to control the spacing and location of the resulting bands. Thereby, the robustness of numerical simulations with respect to an increase in horizontal resolution is increased in the presence of topographic variations.

The school in Gramsci and Freinet: proximities and distances to rethink educational policies

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Francisco Martins ◽  
Ivan Fortunato
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Educational Policies ◽  
School Structure ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Antonio Gramsci

This paper presents a comparative analysis between the school perspectives of two European authors from the first half of the 20th century: Antonio Gramsci (1881–1937) and Célestin Freinet (1896–1966). Through bibliographical research, comparisons are made between them, taking as reference the theoretical and methodological foundations of each one and what is most fundamental when one is dealing with school: concepts of the human being, principles, purposes, content, method, and school structure. In the final notes, guidelines for educational policies inspired by both authors are presented. The conclusion is that if it is indeed possible to establish proximity between them, since they shared the same conception of the Marxist world, it also possible to view the distance between their methods, such as the role of the teacher in the school, and its syllabus, such as value of the classics.

Nurseries as a special form of social care in the Tambov Governorate in the early 20th century

2020 ◽  
pp. 136-145
Author(s):  
Inna A. Shikunova ◽  
Pavel P. Shcherbinin
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Scientific Problem ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range

We consider the formation and development features of the nurseries as a special social institution in the Tambov Governorate in the early of 20th century. The governorate and county levels of declared scientific problem consideration allows to conduct the successful reconstruction of the formation and activities of infant nurseries for foundlings, orphans in both urban and rural areas, which reflected the practice of social care and charity of “trouble children”. We reveal the implementation features of county initiatives for the social protection of foundlings and orphans, as well as the levels and forms of such support for such categories of Russian society by local authorities. We clarify the possibilities of organizing nurseries for foundlings at the governorate and county hospitals and maternity wards. We note the role of particular medical workers in the development of civic initiatives and public service in the rescue of foundlings. We identify the historiographic traditions of both domestic and foreign historians in the study of the orphans charity in the context of the social work organization and the social institutions development, including nurseries. Based on the analysis of a wide range of historical sources, it was possible to identify the most successful and effective practices of organizing nurseries both in the peaceful years and in the periods of Russian-Japanese War of 1904–1905 and World War I 1914–1918, which allowed us to consider various little-studied aspects of the stated scientific problem. We reveal the regional features of the social protection system for orphans through the prism of nursery care. We clarify the position and role of the Orthodox Church on the organization of orphan charity in monasteries during the war years of 1914–1918. We reveal the main posing issues of the prospects for studying a wide range of problems in the history of orphanhood in the Tambov Governorate in the early 20th century. We pay attention to the importance of taking into account regional specifics and specific historical manifestations of social policy when conducting a study of charitable support and private public initiatives of the considered period.

scholarly journals ΟΙ ΚΑΛΛΙΤΕΧΝΙΚΟΙ ΣΥΛΛΟΓΟΙ ΚΑΙ ΟΙ ΣΤΟΧΟΙ ΤΟΥΣ (1880-1910)

Μνήμων ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
ΕΥΘΥΜΙΑ Ε. ΜΑΥΡΟΜΙΧΑΛΗ
Keyword(s):  
Financial Support ◽  
Social Power ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
Middle Classes ◽  
Artistic Activity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
State Initiatives ◽  
Art Marketing ◽  
The 19Th Century

<p>Efthimia Mavromichali, Artists associations in Greece 1880-1910 and their goals</p><p>During the last twenty years of the 19th century and the first decadeof the 20th the first artists associations appear in Athens. Such societiesare founded mostly through the initiative of art-lovers and are indicativeof the new sociability of the rising middle classes of Athens. Artistsattempt to establish their own societies, to demarcate and safeguardtheir professional rights, but without success. Being, however, dependenton art-lovers for financial support and social power, artists are compelledto include them in their associations. The role of the artist in suchassociations is advisory and consultative. Thus artists associations inGreece differ from contemporary associations founded in the rest ofEurope, in that the principles governing their formation are not primarilybased on matters of style and artistic principles.In this study I examine the function and activity of three suchsocieties, namely, The Art-lovers' Society, The Artists' Union, and TheArtists' Society. The artistic activity during the period in question ismarked by the private initiatives of art-lovers and artists. This, however,stands in a wider social context that attributes a national andmoral mission to art and expects art to contribute to national renewal,especially after the devastating war of 1897.Artists' associations attempt to fulfil their mission in society bypromoting the fine arts, by cultivating the development of aestheticcriteria among a wide range of people and by supporting artists. Inpursuit of these goals, they organise exhibitions which, although notalways under strict artistic rules, give a significant impulse to art marketing,and pave the way for state initiatives in support of art and artists.</p>

scholarly journals Vasyly Sukhomlynsky’s “Believe in Human and He Will Become a Human Being”

2014 ◽  
pp. 84-94
Author(s):  
Natalia Yu. Bogatyreva
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Interest In Science ◽  
Reading Interest

Is devoted to the eminent Soviet educator. At present, his pedagogical works are known to a narrow circle of specialists only while in the second half of the 20th century, they have been republished in millions of copies and could be found almost in every home. The article aims to bring interest to Sukhomlynsky’s pedagogical heritage and to prove the validity of his ideas and principles as the definite value of his books lays in his focus on careful and tactful attitude toward a child and declared love for a person, a woman and a mother in particular. The author shows how Sukhomlynsky’s books emotionally promote the role of reading, interest in science, living in harmony with Nature and most importantly, the aptitude to love people.

scholarly journals Studies of Permafrost in the European Northeast of Russia in the First Half of the 20th Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 173-181
Author(s):  
Tatyana P. Filippova ◽  
◽  
Nina G. Lisevich ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Ussr Academy ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Science Center ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

On the basis of a wide range of sources, the research analyzes the history of the study of permafrost in the territory of the European Northeast of Russia in the first half of the 20th century. The documentary sources revealed in the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow), the National Archive of the Komi Republic (Syktyvkar), the Scientific Archive of the Komi Science Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Syktyvkar), the Vorkuta Museum and Exhibition Center (Vorkuta) are introduced into the scientific use for the first time. The 1920s became the period of the birth of a new scientific direction – permafrostology. This science gave an impetus to the systematic study and development of the North and the Arctic. The beginning of systematic geocryologic studies was connected with the development of the European Northeast in the 1920s–1930s. It has been determined that the USSR Academy of Sciences played the leading role in carrying out these studies: it organized special scientific expeditions for studying the cryolithozone of this region. The main results of the studies and their motives interconnected with the government’s interests in the development of valuable northern mineral resources are shown. The results of the expeditions were conclusions about the possibility of constructing large industrial facilities in the regions of the explored reserves of natural raw material resources. Following scientists’ recommendation, the industrial development of the Pechora coal basin and the colonization of the polar region began. The climatic and natural features of the region demanded stationary scientific research in the field of design and construction. The Vorkuta Research Permafrost Station (VRPS) (1936–1958), created under the supervision of the USSR Academy of Sciences, began to carry out this research. Today, the history of this station’s activities is poorly studied. The article presents the main directions of VRPS research: engineering permafrostology and general issues of permafrost studies. The staff of the station were researchers of the Committee on Permafrost Studies of the USSR Academy of Sciences and scientists from among prisoners of GULAG. The role of the staff who made a great contribution to permafrost studies is shown. Under the leadership of the scientists of the station, on the basis of their techniques, large industrial structures of Vorkuta District and Vorkuta, among them the first railroad in the conditions of permafrost, were designed. The conclusion is drawn on the leading role of scientists of the USSR Academy of Sciences in carrying out studies of permafrost soil in the European Northeast in the first half of the 20th century which became the basis in the successful solution of construction problems in the Arctic territory.

scholarly journals PAINTER OF HARMONY PERCEPTIONOF THE WORLD: ANNA BARANOVICHI (1906-2002)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Людмила Анатольевна Тома
Keyword(s):  
Fine Arts ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Creative Activity ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Historical Periods

В статье выявляются закономерности творческой эволюции Анны Баранович (1906-2002), которая принадлежит к поколению бессарабской интеллигенции, стоявшему у истоков формирования искусства республики, чья судьба неотделима от нелегких исторических периодов. Желание выразить красками суть того, что ее интересовало в жизни, вело к усложнению задач. Но сохранялось главное – потребность в гармоническом единении с окружающим миром. Художница выражала энергию жизни в мотивах природы, в облике человека. Целостностью форм и колорита она могла придать эпическое звучание даже небольшим полотнам с простыми предметами, плодами, цветами. Они передают заряд жизнелюбия, сохраненного автором вопреки испытаниям судьбы. Живопись последних лет ее жизни выделяется наиболее активным светоизлучением. This article is making known some characteristic features of evolution in creative activity of Anna Baranovichi (1906-2002). Famous painter, she was a part and parcel of the generation of those Basarabian intellectuals who have put the basis in fine arts’ development in the republic, her fate reflecting in many respects the difficult historical periods. In order to make the colours to express the essence of things and phenomenon of human being, she has always put in her painting the more sophisticated tasks. In her landscapes and portraits she has been expressing the energy of life, keeping the necessity of harmonious unity with the world around. The integrity of forms and colours in her works were giving the epic response just in the case of small canvas with simple objects, flowers or fruit. Her last works are notable for the most active emanation of light, reproducing the supply of love for life that the painter has kept in spite of the or deals of the fate.

scholarly journals Z historii leksemów: gzić się, grzać się, parzyć się, bzykać się

Adeptus ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 80-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzanna Maria Krótki
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Point Of Departure

From the history of the lexemes gzić się, grzać się, parzyć się, bzykać sięThe present article undertakes a semasiological analysis of four Polish vulgarisms associated with sexual intercourse: gzić się, grzać się, parzyć się, bzykać się. Taking is the point of departure their etymology, it investigates the changes in the meanings of these units.It was discovered that initially the analysed lexemes communicated a very wide range of content, far from their contemporary semantic structure. Successively, some of their senses were rearranged, causing these units to become attributed to animal copulation and later to human sexual intercourse. However, it was until the mid-20th century that the analysed verbs have come to play the role of vulgarisms. Z historii leksemów: gzić się, grzać się, parzyć się, bzykać sięW artykule poddano analizie semazjologicznej cztery polskie wulgaryzmy wiązane ze stosunkiem seksualnym, tj.: gzić się, grzać się, parzyć się i bzykać się. Wychodząc od etymologii, badano zmiany w znaczeniach tych jednostek.Okazało się, że analizowane leksemy początkowo posiadały bardzo szerokie treści, dalekie ich współczesnej strukturze semantycznej. Sukcesywnie dochodziło jednak do przeszeregowania niektórych sensów, na skutek czego badane jednostki wpierw zaczęto odnosić do zwierzęcej kopulacji, natomiast nieco później do ludzkiego współżycia. Rolę wulgaryzmów analizowane czasowniki zaczęły odgrywać jednak dopiero w połowie XX wieku.

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