Neuropsychological profile in the overweight population: an exploratory study of set-shifting and central coherence

Therapy ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 821-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion E Roberts ◽  
Lucy Demetriou ◽  
Janet L Treasure ◽  
Kate Tchanturia
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Central Coherence ◽  
Set Shifting ◽  
Neuropsychological Profile

scholarly journals Effects of Hormonal Contraception Use on Cognitive Functions in Patients With Bulimia Nervosa

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedicte Nobile ◽  
Laurent Maimoun ◽  
Isabelle Danielle Jaussent ◽  
Maude Seneque ◽  
Kathlyne Dupuis-Maurin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Hormonal Contraception ◽  
Central Coherence ◽  
Set Shifting ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Contraception Use

Background: Growing evidences indicate that sex hormones have an effect on cognitive functions, and that Bulimia Nervosa (BN) is associated with cognitive impairment. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of hormonal contraception (HC) use on four cognitive functions that are impaired in patients with BN.Methods: This retrospective exploratory study included 103 women with a diagnosis of BN based on the DSM-5 criteria. Their age ranged from 15 to 45 years, and 46.6% were taking HC (oral, transdermal, or intrauterine). Cognition was assessed with the d2 test (attention), Iowa gambling task (IGT; decision making), Brixton spatial anticipation test (set shifting), and Rey-Osterrieth complex figure test (central coherence). Data were analyzed with logistic regression models to estimate the adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of HC effect on the neuropsychological test scores.Results: In the multivariate model, HC use was significantly associated with better scores for two d2 test indices: F-score [OR = 0.98, 95% CI = (0.95; 0.99)] and final total score ratio [OR = 0.87, 95% CI = (0.77; 0.99)]. HC was also associated with a better understanding of the IGT explicit rules. No difference between the two groups (HC and non-HC use) was detected for set shifting and central coherence.Conclusions: This exploratory study suggests that HC could have effects on the sustained attention and concentration in women with BN. More studies are needed to confirm these results.

Differences in set-shifting and central coherence across anorexia nervosa subtypes in children and adolescents

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 499-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Herbrich ◽  
Viola Kappel ◽  
Betteke Maria van Noort ◽  
Sibylle Winter
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Central Coherence ◽  
Set Shifting

Contribution of executive functions to eating behaviours in obesity and eating disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 725-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara Segura-Serralta ◽  
Sonia Ciscar ◽  
Lorena Blasco ◽  
Javier Oltra-Cucarella ◽  
María Roncero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Central Coherence ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Set Shifting ◽  
Eating Behaviours

AbstractBackground:Patients with eating disorders (ED) or obesity show difficulties in tasks assessing decision-making, set-shifting abilities and central coherence.Aims:The aim of this study was to explore executive functions in eating and weight-related problems, ranging from restricting types of ED to obesity.Method:Two hundred and eighty-eight female participants (75 with obesity; 149 with ED: 76 with restrictive eating, 73 with bingeing-purging symptoms; and 64 healthy controls) were administered the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, the Iowa Gambling Task, and the Group Embedded Figures Test to assess set-shifting, decision-making and central coherence, respectively.Results:Participants with either obesity or ED performed poorly on tests measuring executive functioning compared with healthy controls, even after controlling for age and intelligence. Both participants with obesity and participants with ED showed a preference for global information processing.Conclusions:The findings suggest that treatments for obesity and ED would benefit from addressing difficulties in cognitive functioning, in addition to the more evident clinical symptoms related to eating, body weight and shape.

scholarly journals The Neuropsychological Profile of Severe and Enduring Anorexia Nervosa: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Broomfield ◽  
Kristin Stedal ◽  
Stephen Touyz
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Neuropsychological Functioning ◽  
Central Coherence ◽  
Treatment Development ◽  
Neuropsychological Profile ◽  
Conflicting Evidence ◽  
Current Systematic Review ◽  
Confounding Variables

Characteristics of Severe and Enduring Anorexia Nervosa (SE-AN) are being investigated to differentiate the patients experiencing SE-AN from those at earlier stages of the AN disease. The current systematic review was the first step in exploring neuropsychological functioning as a potentially identifying characteristic for long-term presentations. With a subgroup of AN patients reflecting a unique neuropsychological profile that is proportionate to the quantity of patients that go on to develop SE-AN, it was the aim of this review to assess neuropsychological functioning in the later stage of the disease. In accordance with PRISMA guidelines, a literature search was conducted using four electronic databases (PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus) for neuropsychological research on AN participants with a seven or more year illness duration. Datasets that met inclusion criteria were screened for SE-AN participants (N = 166) and neuropsychological data extracted together with potentially confounding variables and information required to conduct a quality assessment. In research investigating decision-making, participants with a SE-AN presentation demonstrated significantly lower functioning compared to healthy controls. There was conflicting evidence for differences in intellectual functioning and set-shifting abilities with no variability indicated in central coherence, memory, attention, reasoning, or processing speed. If findings from this preliminary analysis are confirmed through empirical research, implications include earlier identification of SE-AN patients and more effective treatment development.

scholarly journals Decision making, central coherence and set-shifting: a comparison between Binge Eating Disorder, Anorexia Nervosa and Healthy Controls

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Aloi ◽  
Marianna Rania ◽  
Mariarita Caroleo ◽  
Antonella Bruni ◽  
Antonella Palmieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Binge Eating Disorder ◽  
Central Coherence ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Set Shifting

scholarly journals Similar or Different Neuropsychological Profiles? Only Set Shifting Differentiates Women With Bipolar vs. Borderline Personality Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis Michopoulos ◽  
Kalliopi Tournikioti ◽  
Antonios Paraschakis ◽  
Anna Karavia ◽  
Rossetos Gournellis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Stepwise Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Set Shifting ◽  
Neuropsychological Profile ◽  
Patient Groups

There is ongoing debate about the similarities and differences between bipolar disorder (BD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD). Very few studies have concurrently assessed their neuropsychological profile and only on a narrow array of neuropsychological tests. We aimed to investigate the differences of these two patient groups on visual memory, executive function, and response inhibition. Twenty-nine BD patients, 27 BPD patients and 22 controls (all female) were directly compared on paired associates learning (PAL), set shifting (ID/ED), problem solving (SOC), and response inhibition (SSRT) using Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). Rank-normalized outcomes were contrasted in one-way ANOVA tests. Discriminant analysis was finally performed to predict BD or BPD patient status. BD patients performed significantly worse than controls on all tasks. BPD patients performed significantly worse than HC on all tests except SST. Significant differences between the two patient groups were recorded only on ID/ED, where BPD patients performed worse (p = 0.044). A forward stepwise discriminant analysis model based on ID/ED and SOC predicted correctly patients' group at 67.9% of cases. In conclusion, BD and BPD female patients appear to be more similar than different as regards their neuropsychological functions. This study is the first to show that BPD patients display more deficits than BD patients when directly compared on the set shifting executive function test, a marker of cognitive flexibility. Discerning BD from BPD patients through neuropsychological performance is promising but would improve by using additional subtler tests and psychometric evaluation.

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