scholarly journals Effects of Hormonal Contraception Use on Cognitive Functions in Patients With Bulimia Nervosa

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedicte Nobile ◽  
Laurent Maimoun ◽  
Isabelle Danielle Jaussent ◽  
Maude Seneque ◽  
Kathlyne Dupuis-Maurin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Hormonal Contraception ◽  
Central Coherence ◽  
Set Shifting ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Contraception Use

Background: Growing evidences indicate that sex hormones have an effect on cognitive functions, and that Bulimia Nervosa (BN) is associated with cognitive impairment. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of hormonal contraception (HC) use on four cognitive functions that are impaired in patients with BN.Methods: This retrospective exploratory study included 103 women with a diagnosis of BN based on the DSM-5 criteria. Their age ranged from 15 to 45 years, and 46.6% were taking HC (oral, transdermal, or intrauterine). Cognition was assessed with the d2 test (attention), Iowa gambling task (IGT; decision making), Brixton spatial anticipation test (set shifting), and Rey-Osterrieth complex figure test (central coherence). Data were analyzed with logistic regression models to estimate the adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of HC effect on the neuropsychological test scores.Results: In the multivariate model, HC use was significantly associated with better scores for two d2 test indices: F-score [OR = 0.98, 95% CI = (0.95; 0.99)] and final total score ratio [OR = 0.87, 95% CI = (0.77; 0.99)]. HC was also associated with a better understanding of the IGT explicit rules. No difference between the two groups (HC and non-HC use) was detected for set shifting and central coherence.Conclusions: This exploratory study suggests that HC could have effects on the sustained attention and concentration in women with BN. More studies are needed to confirm these results.

Contribution of executive functions to eating behaviours in obesity and eating disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 725-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara Segura-Serralta ◽  
Sonia Ciscar ◽  
Lorena Blasco ◽  
Javier Oltra-Cucarella ◽  
María Roncero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Central Coherence ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Set Shifting ◽  
Eating Behaviours

AbstractBackground:Patients with eating disorders (ED) or obesity show difficulties in tasks assessing decision-making, set-shifting abilities and central coherence.Aims:The aim of this study was to explore executive functions in eating and weight-related problems, ranging from restricting types of ED to obesity.Method:Two hundred and eighty-eight female participants (75 with obesity; 149 with ED: 76 with restrictive eating, 73 with bingeing-purging symptoms; and 64 healthy controls) were administered the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, the Iowa Gambling Task, and the Group Embedded Figures Test to assess set-shifting, decision-making and central coherence, respectively.Results:Participants with either obesity or ED performed poorly on tests measuring executive functioning compared with healthy controls, even after controlling for age and intelligence. Both participants with obesity and participants with ED showed a preference for global information processing.Conclusions:The findings suggest that treatments for obesity and ED would benefit from addressing difficulties in cognitive functioning, in addition to the more evident clinical symptoms related to eating, body weight and shape.

Neuropsychological profile in the overweight population: an exploratory study of set-shifting and central coherence

Therapy ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 821-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion E Roberts ◽  
Lucy Demetriou ◽  
Janet L Treasure ◽  
Kate Tchanturia
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Central Coherence ◽  
Set Shifting ◽  
Neuropsychological Profile

scholarly journals Are poor set-shifting and central coherence associated with everyday function in anorexia nervosa? A systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly M. Dann ◽  
Phillipa Hay ◽  
Stephen Touyz
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Behavioral Flexibility ◽  
Central Coherence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Set Shifting ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
Everyday Function

Abstract Background There is increasing interest in associations between cognitive impairments and clinical symptoms in Anorexia Nervosa (AN), however, the relationship with everyday function is unclear. The current review synthesizes existing data regarding associations between scores on tests of set-shifting and central coherence and functional outcome measures for individuals with AN. Method A systematic electronic database search yielded 13 studies which included participants with current or lifetime AN where scores on a neuropsychological test of set-shifting or central coherence were directly or indirectly compared to a functional outcome measure. Results Associations between set-shifting and central coherence performance measures and functional outcomes were limited in number and noted only in adult or mixed-age cohorts. Associations were noted at subscale level, suggesting they are specific in nature. In younger cohorts, assessments of executive functioning in everyday life appear sensitive to cognitive-behavioral flexibility issues. Conclusions Associations between cognitive performance and functional outcome have not been as systematically assessed in AN as in other psychiatric disorders. Key factors to address in future research include: (a) the use of function measures which are sensitive to both the level of impairment, and specific rather than general impairments (b) the ecological validity of measures, (c) the task impurity problem, especially in regard to cognitive flexibility assessment, and (d) the need to measure both cognitive deficits and strengths, because tests of specific cognitive processes may underestimate the ability to function in daily life due to compensatory strategies.

Genital abnormalities, hormonal contraception, and HIV transmission risk in Rwandan serodifferent couples

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin M Wall ◽  
Etienne Karita ◽  
Julien Nyombayire ◽  
Rosine Ingabire ◽  
Jeannine Mukamuyango ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Hormonal Contraception ◽  
Male Partner ◽  
Female Partner ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Genital Ulceration ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Contraception Use ◽  
Hiv Acquisition

Abstract Background We explored the role of genital abnormalities and hormonal contraception in HIV transmission among heterosexual serodifferent couples in Rwanda. Methods From 2002-2011, non-antiretroviral treatment using HIV serodifferent couples were followed and sociodemographic and clinical data were collected, family planning provided, and HIV-negative partners retested. Couples were assessed for genital ulcers; non-ulcerative genital sexually transmitted infection (STI) including gonorrhea, chlamydia, and trichomoniasis; and non-STI vaginal infections including bacterial vaginosis and candida. Multivariable models evaluated associations between covariates and HIV transmission genetically linked to the index partner. Results Among 877 couples where the man was HIV-positive, 37 linked transmissions occurred. Factors associated with women’s HIV acquisition included female partner genital ulceration (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]=14.1) and male partner non-ulcerative STI (aHR=8.6). Among 955 couples where the woman was HIV-positive, 46 linked transmissions occurred. Factors associated with men’s HIV acquisition included female partner non-ulcerative STI (aHR=4.4), non-STI vaginal dysbiosis (aHR=7.1), and male partner genital ulceration (aHR=2.6). Hormonal contraception use was not associated with HIV transmission or acquisition. Conclusions Our findings underscore the need for integrating HIV services with care for genital abnormalities. Barriers (e.g., cost for training, demand creation, advocacy, client education; provider time; clinic space) to joint HIV/STI testing need to be considered and addressed.

scholarly journals Automatic Intra-/Extra-Dimensional Attentional Set-Shifting Task in Adolescent Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariasole Ciampoli ◽  
Diego Scheggia ◽  
Francesco Papaleo
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functions ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Set Shifting ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Attentional Set ◽  
Attentional Set Shifting ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting ◽  
Sorting Test ◽  
Set Shifting Task

Adolescence is a developmental period crucial for the maturation of higher-order cognitive functions. Indeed, adolescence deficits in executive functions are strong predictors of increased vulnerability to several mental disabilities later in life. Here, we tested adolescent mice in a fully-automated attentional set-shifting task equivalent to the humans’ Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery Intra-/Extra-Dimensional set-shift task (ID/ED). Compared to an adult, adolescent mice required more time to complete the task (≈16 days), and a higher percentage failed to finish the entire task. Nevertheless, adolescent mice completing this demanding task showed an increased effort in solving the extradimensional shift stage (EDS) compared to previous stages. Moreover, we found that this paradigm can be used to detect early cognitive dysfunctions in adolescent genetically modified mice. Thus, this automatic paradigm provides a further tool to assess attentional control in adolescent mice, and the development of dysfunctional executive functions from adolescence to adulthood.

Association Between Maternal Hormonal Contraception Use and Central Nervous System Tumors in Children

JAMA ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 327 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Marie Hargreave ◽  
Lina S. Mørch ◽  
Jeanette F. Winther ◽  
Kjeld Schmiegelow ◽  
Susanne K. Kjaer
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Hormonal Contraception ◽  
Central Nervous System Tumors ◽  
Nervous System Tumors ◽  
Contraception Use

Contraception

2014 ◽  
pp. 1013-1018
Author(s):  
Jane S. Sillman ◽  
Ajay K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Emergency Contraception ◽  
Hormonal Contraception ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
The United States ◽  
General Internist ◽  
Intrauterine Devices ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Barrier Methods ◽  
Contraception Use

The general internist needs to be up to date in contraception management. Each year nearly half of all pregnancies in the United States are unintended. Counseling about contraceptive options, provision of a back-up method, and information about emergency contraception can decrease the risk of unintended pregnancy. This chapter focuses on the aspects of contraception emphasized in Medical Knowledge Self-Assessment Program (MKSAP) 14: hormonal contraception, use of barrier methods, intrauterine devices, and emergency contraception.

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