scholarly journals On ‘affective’ exceptions to sound change: an example from the Mojeño (Arawakan) kinship terminology system

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando O. De Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Sound Change ◽  
Testing Ground ◽  
Blood Relative ◽  
Kinship Terminology ◽  
Lexical Fields ◽  
Terminology System

This paper discusses a postulated non-sound change-based development derived from the detection of an exception to a regular segmental correspondence and shows how this proposal receives independent support from internal etymologization within the domain of kinship terms. The affricate in the Proto-Mojeño etymon *-ótse ‘grandmother’ is hypothesized to derive from affective strengthening of a fricative *s, thus modifying the expected reflex *-óse via affective or phonosymbolic affrication. The fact that the predicted fricative reflex is found when *-óse ‘grandmother’ occurs as a member of a compound for ‘mother-in-law’, a meaning not subject to affective modification, offers striking support for the hypothesis. The paper illustrates how internally structured lexical fields — where relations of partial (internal) cognation exist — such as kinship terminology systems, provide an interesting testing ground for claims on affective, non-lautgesetzlich formal modifications, given the fact that etymologically related forms belong to domains (such as ‘blood relative’ versus ‘affine relative’) that differ in crucial ways as far as the affective dispositions and attitudes of speakers are concerned.

scholarly journals The Patrilineal System of Kinship of the Older Generation in Russian and Kyrgyz Languages

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
Chynara Zhusupovna Musaeva
Keyword(s):  
General Characteristic ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Kinship System ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Kinship Terminology ◽  
Lexical Fields ◽  
The Russian Language

Introduction. The article deals with the patrilineal system of the Kyrgyz and Russian languages. The results, studies of the terms of kinship of the patrilineal system of the Kyrgyz and Russian languages are presented. It is revealed that the kinship system of the Kyrgyz language belongs to the general Türkic vocabulary fund, and the system of kinship of the Russian language to the general Slavic vocabulary fund, and also considers the characteristic features of these lexical fields. Research methods: Synchronous-comparative, namely typological. The object of this article is a plan of the content of the lexical-semantic field of kinship in the Kyrgyz and Russian languages. Research results. The terms of kinship were considered, such as: «ata», «choӊ ata», «baba», «cuba», «zhoto» and others. The terms are conventionally named: «Patronyms of the older generation» (PSP) and we will try to determine the specifics within this functional field, based on lexicographic sources. The article will consider and identify the semantic features of the patrilineal system or patronyms of the older generation (PSP), the purpose of which is, firstly, a general characteristic that exists in the field of kinship terminology, and, secondly, the definition of the specifics of the language within this lexico-semantic group. Conclusions. The patrilineal kinship system assumes the primacy of the male generation for both Kyrgyz and Russian ethnolinguistics, but in the Kyrgyz language it has a deeper and more stable character.

How much Artistic Freedom is permitted when it comes to Language? - Analysis of a Crime Novel

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-60
Author(s):  
Manuela Svoboda ◽  
Petra Zagar-Sostaric
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
German Language ◽  
Direct Speech ◽  
Small Talk ◽  
Language Analysis ◽  
Crime Novel ◽  
Blood Relative ◽  
German Origin ◽  
Artistic Freedom ◽  
The One

Abstract In this article a closer look will be taken at the issue of inaccurately using a foreign language, i.e. German in this particular case, in a crime novel or thriller. Of course, in fiction the author has complete artistic freedom to invent and present things as he/she intends and it doesn`t necessarily have to be realistic or legitimate. But what happens when it comes to an existing language being quoted in fiction? For this purpose David Thomas’ thriller “Blood Relative - How well do you know the one you love?” is analysed regarding parts in which German quotes are used. As the plot is located partly in England and partly in former East Germany (GDR) and the protagonist’s wife is of German origin, direct speech, titles and names are used in German. Subsequently, they are translated into English by the author in order to be understood by the English reader. However, there are many grammar, spelling and semantic mistakes in these German expressions and common small talk quotes. This begs the question, is it justified to disregard linguistic correctness with regards to artistic freedom given the fact that we are dealing with a fictional thriller, or is it nevertheless necessary to be precise concerning foreign language usage? How far may one “test” their artistic freedom in this particular case? In order to answer these questions a detailed analysis of the thriller is performed, concerning artistic freedom and modern literature/light fiction as well as the German language used in quotes and direct speech.

MORPHOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF AVIATION TERMS

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-210
Author(s):  
Ra`no Ergashova ◽  
◽  
Nilufar Yuldosheva
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Structure ◽  
The World ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Terminology System

The creation, regulation, lexical and grammatical research and interpretation of the system of terms in the field of aviation in the world linguistics terminology system are one of the specific directions of terminology. Research on specific features is an important factor in ensuring the development of the industry. This article discusses morphological structure of aviation terms. The purpose of the article is to analyze the role of aviation terms in the morphology of the Uzbek language and its definition.

The Testing Ground

1985 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-17
Author(s):  
Valerii Gorbunov
Keyword(s):  
Testing Ground

The Kin Terminology System of the Nharo Bushmen.

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (72) ◽  
pp. 607-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Barnard
Keyword(s):  
Terminology System

DETERMINATION OF SIZE OF PROTECTIVE ZONES TO PROVIDE SECURITY MEASURES DURING TESTS OF ARMING AND ROCKET FORCES AND ARTILLERY MATERIALON TESTING GROUND

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
O. Maistrenko ◽  
M. Petrushenko ◽  
S. Nikul ◽  
Y. Sinilo
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Protection Zones ◽  
Testing Ground ◽  
Permanent Improvement ◽  
Near Accidents

The article analyzes the possible risks that can arise when firing artillery and rocket launches. The disadvantages of the method of calculating the protection zones are identified, which taking into account will reduce the likelihood of the occurrence of abnormal situations, which can lead to tragic consequences and damage to objects adjacent to the boundary of the testing ground. Additions to the procedure for determining the protection zones of the test site in the interests of RVIA are proposed and the specified, correct sizes of these zones are provided. Development of rocket troops and artillery (RTaA) of the Armed Forces (AF) of Ukraine is impossible without a permanent improvement and modernisation of types of armament and ammunition to them, development of the new artillery systems and their ground tests. During realization of ground tests of types of armament and military technique (WME) of RTaA firing of artillery and starting of rockets is accompanied by errors or wrong acts of WME attendant and personnel or extraneous persons, the consequences of that must be envisaged, and the risk of their origin is Analysis of the battle firing, including during realization of anti-terror operation and operation of the incorporated forces on east of Ukraine row of ground tests of standards of WME RTaA test if possibility of origin of nonpermanent near-accidents during application of armament of RtaA as a result of rejection of trajectory of flight of projectile (mines) by the direction and distance from the expected targets. Mostly it happens through untaking into account of maximal rejections of meteorological and ballistic terms of firing from tabular or errors in calculations, wrong acquisition of charge, error at aiming of fighting machines, cannons, mortars. There for practice of the battle firing needs taking into account of these errors, that will give an opportunity consider ably to promo test rength security at application of armament of RAaT during testing of standards of WME. Thus, in the article certainly and possible risks that can arise up during realization of firing of artillery and starting of rockets are analysed, related to the lacks of existent methodology of realization of calculations in relation to providing of safety measures during the tests of WME RtaA. Suggestions are brought in, in relation to the improvement of methodology of realization of calculations of sizes of protective zones, that unlike existing more in detail take into account maximal deviations of terms of firing from tabular values. These suggestions for providing of safety measures it will be allowed to decrease probability of origin of situations, that can result in tragic consequences and to causing of damages to the objects that fit closely to the limits of training field. Anoffer adding to the order of determination of protective zones and given specified sizes of the sezones have an important practical value at determination of possibilities of grounds and providing of safety of testing and battle firing (starting) of RtaA.

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