scholarly journals The Patrilineal System of Kinship of the Older Generation in Russian and Kyrgyz Languages

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
Chynara Zhusupovna Musaeva
Keyword(s):  
General Characteristic ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Kinship System ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Kinship Terminology ◽  
Lexical Fields ◽  
The Russian Language

Introduction. The article deals with the patrilineal system of the Kyrgyz and Russian languages. The results, studies of the terms of kinship of the patrilineal system of the Kyrgyz and Russian languages are presented. It is revealed that the kinship system of the Kyrgyz language belongs to the general Türkic vocabulary fund, and the system of kinship of the Russian language to the general Slavic vocabulary fund, and also considers the characteristic features of these lexical fields. Research methods: Synchronous-comparative, namely typological. The object of this article is a plan of the content of the lexical-semantic field of kinship in the Kyrgyz and Russian languages. Research results. The terms of kinship were considered, such as: «ata», «choӊ ata», «baba», «cuba», «zhoto» and others. The terms are conventionally named: «Patronyms of the older generation» (PSP) and we will try to determine the specifics within this functional field, based on lexicographic sources. The article will consider and identify the semantic features of the patrilineal system or patronyms of the older generation (PSP), the purpose of which is, firstly, a general characteristic that exists in the field of kinship terminology, and, secondly, the definition of the specifics of the language within this lexico-semantic group. Conclusions. The patrilineal kinship system assumes the primacy of the male generation for both Kyrgyz and Russian ethnolinguistics, but in the Kyrgyz language it has a deeper and more stable character.

scholarly journals Language of Russian Charity: Verbs

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4 (202)) ◽  
pp. 293-310
Author(s):  
Valeria S. Kuchko ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Old Russian ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
National Corpus

This article studies Russian verbs which name the action of gratuitous material assistance to those in need, i.e. благотворить, благотворительствовать, благодетельствовать, меценатствовать, жертвовать, спонсировать, and their few derivatives. The author focuses on the history of their origin and use in the Russian language, the development of their meanings, semantic features, and functioning in the text. The analysis of these characteristics of the life of the word in the language allows the author to identify and formulate some norms of the use of these verbs in modern charity discourse for those who speak and write about charity. The study is based on historical and modern lexicographic sources, such as explanatory dictionaries of the Old Slavic Language, Old Russian Language, Russian language of different time periods, as well as examples of word usage, retrieved from The National Corpus of the Russian Language. In spite of the fact that the verbs studied realise the predicate of a situation of charity and designate the subject’s action of providing a poor or deprived object with material support, they considerably differ in terms of time of their appearance in the language, periods of usage, and semantic capacity. The analysis demonstrates that there is no verb that could claim the status of a nuclear verbal lexeme of the semantic field of charity: the word with the widest neutral semantics благотворить has almost fallen out of use, the verbs благодетельствовать and меценатствовать have a narrower application, while жертвовать imposes semantic restrictions on the choice of words for the positions of the object and the instrument of charity, and in the case of the verb спонсировать a specific context of “market” charity is important, in which the subject receives a certain benefit from their contribution.

scholarly journals MOTIVATIONAL AND GENETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LEXICAL-SEMANTIC FIELD “HARM” IN THE DIALECTS OF THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
Яньчунь Лю
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
The One ◽  
The Russian Language

Введение. Исследованы мотивационные отношения и модели номинации в лексико-семантическом поле «Вред» на материале диалектов русского языка. Лексика этого поля связана с выражением отрицательной утилитарной оценки. Анализ мотивационных отношений и моделей номинации в лексике утилитарной оценки показывает особенности осмысления понятия «вред» в сознании носителей традиционной культуры. Цель статьи – выявить структурно-семантические и мотивационные отношения в лексико-семантическом поле «Вред». Материал и методы. Материалом послужили 49 выпусков Словаря русских народных говоров. Обнаружение мотивационных признаков, а также моделей номинации на их основе предполагает компонентный анализ семантики производного слова в сопоставлении с семантикой производящего слова, группировку признаков номинации в модели номинации. Для выяснения функционально-семантических особенностей применяется ареальный метод и – в случае неясной внутренней формы – сравнительно-исторический метод. Результаты и обсуждение. Рассмотрение мотивационно-генетических отношений единиц лексико-семантического поля «Вред» в диалектах русского языка позволило выявить и отследить становление понятийной структуры отрицательной утилитарной оценки в традиционной культуре. Выяснилось, что большинство лексем поля имеет однозначно устанавливаемые мотивационные отношения, кроме единиц ядра и околоядерной части поля, которые утратили прозрачность мотивационных отношений в силу исторической глубины их возникновения. Для реконструкции мотивационных отношений этих лексем привлечены данные этимологических словарей. Анализ семантических связей и мотивационных отношений лексики поля позволил выявить границы поля и выделить восемь моделей номинации. Заключение. Найденные мотивационные отношения и представленные ими мотивационные модели обнаружили, с одной стороны, принципиальное сходство с рассмотренной ранее мотивационной характеристикой на материале литературного языка, а с другой – выявили различия, связанные с историческими изменениями в мотивационных отношениях, обусловленные эволюцией понятия «вред». Introduction. This article is devoted to the study of motivational relationships and nomination models in the lexical-semantic field “Harm” based on the material of the dialects of the Russian language. The vocabulary of this field is associated with the expression of the negative utilitarian evaluation. The analysis of motivational relations and nomination models in the vocabulary of utilitarian evaluation shows the features of understanding the concept of “harm” in the minds of carriers of traditional culture. Aim and objectives. The аim is to identify structural-semantic and motivational relationships in the lexicalsemantic field “Harm”. Material and methods. Dialect material was collected from 49 issues of the Dictionary of Russian dialects. The detection of motivational features, as well as nomination models based on them, suggests a component analysis of the semantics of the derivative word in comparison with the semantics of the generating word, grouping of the signs of nomination in the model of nomination. The areal method and, in the case of an unclear internal form, the comparative historical method, serves to clarify the functional and semantic features. Results and discussion. Consideration of the motivational-genetic relationships of the units of the lexical-semantic field “Harm” in the dialects of the Russian language made it possible to identify and track the formation of the conceptual structure of negative utilitarian evaluation in traditional culture. As a result, it turned out that most field tokens have unambiguously established motivational relations, except for units of the core and the perinuclear part of the field, which have lost the transparency of motivational relations due to the historical depth of their occurrence. To reconstruct the motivational relations of these lexemes, data of etymological dictionaries are used. The analysis of semantic connections and motivational relations of field vocabulary made it possible to identify field boundaries and identify eight nomination models. Conclusion. The found motivational relations and the motivational models presented by them revealed, on the one hand, a fundamental similarity with the previously considered motivational characteristics on the material of the literary language, and on the other hand, they revealed differences associated with historical changes in motivational relations caused by the evolution of the concept of “harm”.

scholarly journals Semantic Features of Nouns Referred to Various Lexical-And-Grammatical Categories

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-48
Author(s):  
Vadim Belov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Abstract Nouns ◽  
Concrete Nouns ◽  
Semantic Properties ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
National Corpus

The paper focuses on semantic properties of concrete and abstract nouns in the aspect of their cognitive categorization. The research is based on the results of two psycholinguistic experiments carried out by the author: synonym selection and word interpretation. The data obtained are verified by comparing data from the dictionaries of synonyms and National Corpus of the Russian Language. The synonym collection experiment shows that the speakers tend to extend synonymic relations of concrete nouns by means of semantic convergence of the words, which belong to different levels of hierarchy in the semantic field. Special attention is paid to nouns denoting a person. Their synonymic ranges differ significantly in lexicographic sources and the experiment findings. The word interpretation experiment points to the frequency of a logical (componential) method for interpretation of concrete nouns meaning, and synonymic method for abstract nouns. Concrete nouns are noted to realize logical categorization due to being incorporated into hierarchical semantic relations, whilst abstract nouns may reflect logical and figurative categorization because their meanings do not have subject reference and are characterized by uncertainty. Abstract nouns have been proved to build hierarchical semantic relations within their synonymic groups on certain conditions.

scholarly journals PARTICIPLES AS ELEMENTS OF DEPENDENT TAXIS IN THE OSSETIAN LANGUAGE IN COMPARISON WITH RUSSIAN

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
З.И. Годизова ◽  
Д.В. Габисова
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Language Family ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
European Language ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
The Given ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Active Interaction

Если в русском языке причастия исследованы довольно глубоко, то в осетинском языке система причастий, их грамматические признаки, специфика проявления в них глагольных грамматических категорий изучены недостаточно; отсутствуют специальные работы, посвященные причастиям. Определение отличительных особенностей осетинских причастий по сравнению с причастиями в русском языке является актуальным: представляется интересным сравнить особенности морфологической системы русского и осетинского языков, принадлежащих к единой индоевропейской семье языков и различающихся по степени преобладания элементов аналитизма в средствах выражения грамматических значений. Актуальность подобного сравнения обусловлена еще и тем, что в настоящее время происходит активное взаимодействие русского и осетинского языков в двуязычной среде, что не может не отражаться и на системе причастий. Научная новизна данной статьи заключается в том, что в ней специально исследуются причастия в осетинском языке как выразители значений зависимого таксиса по сравнению с русским языком; представлено все многообразие аспектуально-таксисных ситуаций в конструкциях с причастиями. Эти ситуации выделены с учетом как видового, так и лексического значения причастий, а также элементов аспектуального контекста. На основании проведенного анализа определено место осетинских причастий в функционально-семантическом поле зависимого таксиса, оно более периферийное по сравнению с причастиями в русском языке. Такой вывод можно сделать на основании гораздо меньшей регулярности осетинских причастий, меньшей их специализированности на выражении атрибутивной функции. Кроме того, значительный пласт осетинских причастий (причастия будущего времени, выражающие модальное значение целесообразности) лишен семантики реальности, поэтому определение таксисных значений для этих причастий вообще не представляется возможным. Проведенный анализ позволил также установить характерные особенности конструкций зависимого таксиса с причастиями в осетинском языке: 1) хронологические отношения между основным и второстепенным предикатами очень редко сопрягаются с отношениями обусловленности (причинно-следственными отношениями), между тем в русском языке это явление достаточно частое; 2) диапазон выражаемых причастиями таксисных значений в осетинском языке гораздо ýже, чем в русском языке.  The system of participles in the Ossetian language has not been yet comprehensively investigated. There are no special works where the categories of participles, their grammatical characteristics, their grammatical categories of aspect, tense or mood have been subjected to thorough analysis. The identification of all distinctive features of Ossetian participles in comparison with the system of the ones in the Russian language is relevant for the given article. This is due to the fact that, firstly, the Russian and the Ossetian languages belong to different groups within a single Indo-European language family and differ in the degree of predominance of elements of analyticism in the expression of grammatical meanings; secondly, in the conditions of Ossetian-Russian bilingualism there is active interaction of the Russian and Ossetian languages, which is obviously reflected in the system of participles. The scientific novelty of the research is based on the description of all the variety of aspect-taxic situations in the constructions of dependent taxis with participles in the Ossetian language in comparison with Russian. The aspect and lexical meaning of the participial forms are taken into account, and the place of Ossetian participles in the functional semantic field of taxis is identified. The analysis revealed that the participle, being the exponent of the meanings of the dependent taxis, belongs to the more distant periphery of the functional-semantic field of the dependent taxis in Ossetian as compared to the participle in Russian. This is due to the fact that they are much less regular, less specialized in the expression of the attributive function. The expression of taxis meanings for future participles expressing the modality of expediency seems not to be significant at all. The characteristic features of the constructions of dependent taxis with participles in Ossetian are determined: chronological relations between the participial action and the action of the main predicate are rarely complicated by the relations of causation, i.e. by cause-effect relationships, meanwhile, this phenomenon is quite frequent in Russian; the spectrum of taxis meanings expressed by participles is narrower in Ossetian than in Russian.

ASPECTS OF LEXICAL COLLOCATION OF HIGH-DEGREE WORDS ‘SILNIY’, ‘KREPKIY’, ‘ZHELEZNIY’

2020 ◽  
pp. 263-280
Author(s):  
M. V. Voronets ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Word Use ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Russian Language

This study examines the lexical compatibility of high-degree words in the Russian language, specifically ‘silniy’ (strong), ‘krepkiy’ (hard), ‘zhelezniy’ (strong as iron), which have similar meanings. By comparing the dictionary meanings of a word and analyzing their compatibility, researches can specify its semantic features and explain the collocation limitations. The results can be used to develop the proper recommendations on the word use and exercises for the learners of Russian as a second language.

scholarly journals Formation of linguistic and cultural competencies during russian language lessons (on the example of the lexeme "rainbow")

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (Extra-B) ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
Usmanova Liliya Abrarovna ◽  
Minakhmetova Aliya Ildarovna ◽  
Arkin Rosy Artuchi
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Competence Development ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Creative Work ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Cultural Specificity ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Language

This article is devoted to the linguoculturological competence development among schoolchildren in the process of teaching the Russian language. The object of scientific consideration was the lexeme "rainbow", which refers to the most ancient layer of words and has a deep national and cultural specificity. In accordance with the set tasks of our work, we used descriptive-analytical, stylistic, component, distributive methods of data analysis, the method of the semantic field. An integrated approach to the study of the lexeme "rainbow" implies a multifaceted analysis, including the analysis of dictionary definitions, collection of etymological information, consideration of word-formation relations, study of the paremiological status of a word, its discursive features, identification of traditional and individual author's meanings and, thus, reflection in the form of creative work of students, reflecting the information received about this lexeme... An upbringing approach in Russian language lessons helps students discover aesthetic ways of understanding the world, without which it is impossible to describe the Russian language picture of the world.    

scholarly journals A THEMATIC CLASSIFICATION OF RELIGIOUS-CHRISTIAN VOCABULARY OF RUSSIAN-UDMURT DICTIONARIES BY G. Ye. VERESHCHAGIN

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-221
Author(s):  
Leonid Michaylovich Ivshin
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Outstanding Scientist ◽  
Linguistic Activity ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
National Corpus

The article examines the vocabulary of religious-Christian content in the handwritten Russian-Udmurt dictionaries by the first Udmurt writer and outstanding scientist, educator and missionary, clergyman G. Ye. Vereshchagin. There is no exact information about the time when the manuscripts were written. One of them was presumably created at the end of the 19 - beginning of the 20 centuries, before the adoption of the Russian spelling reform in 1918, since the letter ъ is inconsistently encountered at the very beginning of the dictionary in lexemes ending in a hard consonant. Another manuscript can be dated to the period after the adoption of the Russian spelling reform, when the Cyrillic letters ѣ, ө and ъ were excluded from the Russian alphabet. The author of the manuscripts selected appropriate primordial Udmurt equivalents to words of religious content or used borrowings (mainly from the Russian language), and was guided by the following considerations: 1) he used Udmurt words that arose in the depths of paganism, which by the time the manuscripts were compiled had acquired a completely Christian meaning (Kyldysin tӧre 'Archangel'); 2) adapted concepts that had a slightly different, everyday meaning (viz sonany, gavyldyns, aldans ‘to tempt’); 3) terms without direct correspondences in the Udmurt language are often translated by a combination of words or interpretation (umoytem Inmar vyle veras ‘blasphemer’); 4) borrowed from Russian or other languages (Archirey, Arquerey ‘Bishop’). The study of the lexical and semantic features of written attestations in the context of developing the national corpus of the Udmurt language and filling it with not only absolutely new, but also to some extent forgotten and revisited elements is a very important linguistic activity. The linguistic actualization of religious vocabulary contributes to the recovery of speech assets and registers in a significant number of dictionary nominalizations by designating concepts and phenomena of the spiritual and religious sphere of the Udmurt language.

scholarly journals Concept and Essence of the Forensic Study of Personality

2018 ◽  
pp. 186-192
Author(s):  
D. V. Isyutin-Fedotkov
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Process Theory ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Approaches To Studying ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Russian Language

The article considers and analyzes various opinions on the category "forensic study of personality". From the point of view of the Russian language, the various meanings of the term "study" fully and in a multifaceted way reflect the activities of the investigator in the study of the person in the course of sufficient disclosure and investigation of crimes. It is concluded that forensic study of personality can be considered as a process, theory (doctrine) and part of criminalistics (educational discipline, special course). In this connection, the definition of the term "forensic study of personality" depends on understanding of its essence. Forensic study of personality as a process for the study of personality is associated with activity. Forensic study of the personality as a theory (doctrine) is associated with the objective laws that constitute the subject of criminalistics. Forensic study of the personality as a section of criminalistics (academic discipline, special course) is based on a theoretical basis, on the basis of which methods, approaches to studying personality are considered. The ultimate goal of forensic study of personality is solving the problems of disclosure and investigation of crimes. Author's definitions of the term "forensic study of personality" are proposed.

scholarly journals DESCRIPTIVE VERBAL-NOMINAL CONSTRUCTIONS WITH CAUSATIVE SEMANTICS IN MODERN RUSSIAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
Evgenia N. Laguzova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Formal Expression ◽  
Causative Constructions ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Modern Russian

The article discusses descriptive verbal-nominal constructions with causative verbal components. The relevance of the study is due to the attention of modern linguistics to the problem of analyticism in the Russian language grammar, the lack of study of the structural and semantic features of analytical constructions with causatives. The novelty of the work consists in identifying the features of the semantic structure of sentences with causative verbal components. A feature of causative DVNC is recognized as dismembered semantics. Two varieties of causative constructions formed by descriptive verbal-nominal constructions are distinguished – sentences with arbitrary and automatic causation. The description of statements draws attention to the main semantic components – causative and causable subjects, methods of their formal expression. Differences in the semantic structure of sentences with spontaneous and automatic causation are shown. The purposefulness of causative action in sentences with spontaneous causation and indirectness of influence in sentences with automatic causation are due to the semantic features of the main components of causative statements with DVNC – the causative and causable subject. Constructions with spontaneous causation form polysubject monopropositive, DVNC with automatic causation form polysubject polypropositive structures. The peculiarity of the semantic structure of additional statements of DVNC unpretentious forms – participal – with causative semantics was noted. In sentences with DVNC unpretentious forms, the incentive is mitigated. Additional statements with DVNC form polypropositive constructions. The development of verbal-nominal constructions with causatives is associated with a tendency to analyticism, characteristic of the modern Russian language grammar. The materials of the article will be used in lexicographic practice – when compiling a dictionary of descriptive verbal-nominal constructions, in teaching special courses on the problem of nomination.

Towards the explication of the universals of the Russian language personality on the model of the associative-verbal network

2021 ◽  
pp. 314-329
Author(s):  
Irina V. Shaposhnikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Regional Variability ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
Gradual Accumulation ◽  
Verbal Processes ◽  
The One ◽  
The Russian Language

The study of the universals of the Russian language personality on the model of the associative-verbal network (AVN) proceeds from ontological and epistemological aspects. Ontologically the AVN “inherits” a number of functional properties from the human cognitome hypernetwork. Along with the dissipation of grammar and stochastic formation of the vectors of associative dominants, they can be attributed to universals in the narrow sense of the word (ultimately due to the evolutionary biological specifics of the species). On the one hand, the dissipated character of grammar in the AVN and stochasticity of the emergence of meaningful vectors impose epistemological restrictions on the methods used to study the AVN phenomena. On the other hand, the gradual accumulation of the new Russian corpora of verbal associations opens a window of research perspectives for studying culturally imposed universals of the Russian language personality in current diachrony with reference to ethno-social and regional variability. The formalization of associative-verbal processes is associated with methods of explicating grammar (dissipated in AVN) and its role in the emergent meaning-formation. The author’s techniques of working with the AVN of the Russian language personality on the latest experimental materials (the database SIBAS and its subcorpora) are aimed at explicating the associative profiles of lexico-grammatical phenomena and their relevance for the analysis of the universals in a broad sense of the term, the associative dominants creating a unified but dynamic with their fluctuations semantic field of the personality’s verbal culture.

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