The Kin Terminology System of the Nharo Bushmen.

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (72) ◽  
pp. 607-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Barnard
Keyword(s):  
Terminology System

MORPHOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF AVIATION TERMS

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-210
Author(s):  
Ra`no Ergashova ◽  
◽  
Nilufar Yuldosheva
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Structure ◽  
The World ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Terminology System

The creation, regulation, lexical and grammatical research and interpretation of the system of terms in the field of aviation in the world linguistics terminology system are one of the specific directions of terminology. Research on specific features is an important factor in ensuring the development of the industry. This article discusses morphological structure of aviation terms. The purpose of the article is to analyze the role of aviation terms in the morphology of the Uzbek language and its definition.

A standardized terminology of spines in the order Siluriformes (Actinopterygii: Ostariophysi)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo A Ballen ◽  
Mario C C De Pinna
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Anatomy ◽  
Appendicular Skeleton ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Direct Examination ◽  
Dorsal Fin ◽  
Anatomical Nomenclature ◽  
Standardized Terminology ◽  
The Cost ◽  
First Time ◽  
Terminology System

Abstract A standardized terminology for the anatomy of pectoral- and dorsal-fin spines in the order Siluriformes is proposed based on an extensive literature review and direct examination of representatives of the order. The adult anatomy of the spines is described in detail. Terminology of various spine parts are reviewed and standardized, each term provided with a synonymic list organizing previous usage. Most of the structures treated have been recorded and named in the literature, but some are herein named for the first time. A quantitative approach is proposed for orienting decisions on name usage, aiming at minimizing differences between the terminology proposed and the vast amount of pre-existing literature, herein called the cost function. It is expected that this system will aid efforts in organizing the chaotic anatomical nomenclature of the appendicular skeleton in Siluriformes, and provide a solid basis for advances in comparative anatomy and nomenclature. The proposed terminology system has potential application on a number of fields that utilize information from catfish spines, ranging from taxonomy to phylogenetic systematics to paleontology and archaeology.

A Semantically Enriched Architecture for an Italian Laboratory Terminology System

2014 ◽  
pp. 1314-1317
Author(s):  
Silvia Canepa ◽  
Sabrina Roggerone ◽  
Valeria Pupella ◽  
Roberta Gazzarata ◽  
Mauro Giacomini
Keyword(s):  
Terminology System

scholarly journals Upper limb principal arteries variations: A cadaveric study with terminological implication

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Konarik ◽  
Vladimir Musil ◽  
Vaclav Baca ◽  
David Kachlik
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Axillary Artery ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
European Population ◽  
Cadaveric Study ◽  
Arterial Trunk ◽  
Multiple Case ◽  
Forearm Flexor Muscles ◽  
Safe Performance ◽  
Terminology System

Although the variability of the upper limb arteries is a clinically important problem, the prevalence varies across the existing studies and the classification is rather complicated, uncoined, and sometimes even unclear for its simple and direct understanding and usage. Multiple case reports appearing in the last years apply incorrect, inappropriate, and sometimes misleading terminology. Here we performed an anatomical cadaveric study of the variability of the arteries of the upper limb, namely the axilla, arm and forearm, in 423 upper limbs (Central European population) embalmed with the classical formaldehyde method. We proposed the application of the Equality system based on common trunks for denomination of the axillary artery branches principal variations: truncus subscapulocircumflexus (22.9%), truncus profundocircumflexus (13.75%), and truncus bicircumflexus (13.95%). Further, we proposed the terminology system developed by Rodríguez-Niedenführ et al. for the free upper limb principal arterial trunk variations based on the origin, location (in the arm only or in the arm and forearm), and course (related to the forearm flexor muscles) of the involved artery: arteria brachialis superficialis (9.5%), arteria brachioradialis superficialis (6.4%), arteria brachioulnaris superficialis (1.9%), arteria brachiomediana superficialis (0.5%), and arteria comitans nervi mediani manus (3.3%). Extensive development of the catheterisation methods via the arteria radialis et ulnaris as well as surgical procedures using flaps based on perforating branches of these arteries (including arteria brachioradialis superficialis et brachioulnaris superficialis) necessitate thorough data on the prevalence of the variant vessels for safe performance of these procedures and to prevent any unexpected situations or to react adequately when they occur.

scholarly journals DENOMINATION OF DOSAGE FORMS IN RUSSIA: DEVELOPMENT OF THE TERMS

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
Olga B. Burdina ◽  
◽  
Olga G. Olekhnovich ◽  
Keyword(s):  
17Th Century ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Professional Communication ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Professional Discourse ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Historical Periods ◽  
Terminology System

The research deals with the issue of terms and their functioning in professional discourse. According to the cognitive and discourse approach, a term is regarded as a representative of knowledge which participates in the processes of receiving, processing, storing and transmitting information about the world and human activity. The purpose of the research is to investigate the linguistic characteristics of terms belonging to the pharmaceutical terminology system at different stages of its development. The article contains analysis of two sets of terms introduced during two historical periods: at the stage of formation of the terminology system (17th century) and at the modern stage (since the beginning of the 21st century). Each of the stages is represented by its own type of terminologization. The research material is composed of Latin/Latinized and Russian terms with the meaning ‘dosage form’ found in pharmaceutical documents (handwritten recipes of the 17th century from the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts; State Pharmacopoeias of the Russian Federation). The first part of the study describes the thematic group ‘names of dosage forms’ of the 17th century. Latin and corresponding Russian terms and nomenclature names formed on their basis are analyzed in this part. The reason for the presence of variations within the terminology group is studied. In the second part of the paper, the linguistic and extralinguistic reasons for the transformation of this group of terminological units are studied, the productivity of new models for the denomination of dosage forms is analyzed. Methodologically, the study is based on the comparative, structural, etymological methods of analysis, the expert method (used when selecting terms from the collection of pharmaceutical texts) and terminological modeling. The authors came to the following conclusions: being an instrument of language of professional communication, a term expresses a special concept and develops in the process of functioning; due to its dynamic nature, a term develops in discourse and forms new connections within the terminology system of the professional discourse (pharmacy, in the case of our study); on the other hand, the development of the terminology system contributes to the process of ordering terminology.

scholarly journals False Friends in Terminology

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-164
Author(s):  
Kristian Lewis
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Error Identification ◽  
System Errors ◽  
Terminology System

Every terminology system strives to be as systematic as possible and able to eliminate system errors. In the context of error identification, it is more than obvious that linguistic errors, apart from other system errors, occur quite frequently. This paper is focused on the linguistic and translation phenomenon of false friends, especially as a potentially threatening cause of misunderstanding between two terminological systems. The European Union has also addressed this problem to some extent, primarily because of the huge amount of documents translated on a daily basis. This paper analyses 25 corpus-based pairs of Croatian-English false friends and gives recommendations on how to avoid terminological false friends in translation.

Analysis of Structural and Semantic Characteristics of Agricultural Terms in the Translation Aspect

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
H Sydoruk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Engineering And Technology ◽  
Flexible Part ◽  
Terminology System ◽  
Technical Terms

Abstract. The article summarizes the theoretical experience of studying the structural and semantic characteristics of scientific and technical terms and agricultural terms in particular. It has substantiated the fact that the agrarian sphere is experiencing a rapid emergence of terms-innovations that are quickly passing all stages of structural-semantic assimilation. A significant percentage of terms are formed as a result of rethinking their previous meanings, which leads to the emergence of so-called semantic terms. Analysis of structural and semantic features of agricultural terms showed that their formation occurs through derivation, terminologization of common vocabulary and assimilation of borrowings. The paper also analyzes examples of the functioning of English-language multicomponent clusters and the peculiarities of their translation. The purpose of research is to clarify the structural and semantic features of agricultural terminology, to identify and describe the processes of formation of one- and multi-component agricultural terms, to determine the main word-forming types of agricultural terminology. Results of research. Agrarian terminology, which is a set of words and stable phrases corresponding to the concepts functioning in this area (objects, phenomena and actions), is a mobile and flexible part of common vocabulary, and therefore requires systematization. The main carriers of these concepts are nouns, a certain number of verbs and adjectives which most serve as definitions in multicomponent clusters and are not independent. Word-forming means are mainly Latin-Greek morphemes, word stems and phrases. Depending on the participation of language in term formation, the terms of the agricultural sector are divided into three types: simple terms or word-terms; complex terms; terms-phrases or multicomponent clusters Agrarian terminology uses such ways of word formation as lexical-semantic, lexical-syntactic, morphological, abbreviation, and morphological-syntactic. Many commonly used lexical items acquire meanings inherent in the agricultural sector, becoming terms with a narrower meaning. Modern scientific literature on agricultural topics contains terms that have two or more meanings in this area, the clarification of which is only disclosed by the context. In translation, such ambiguity causes blurring of meaning, vagueness, substitution of terms and ultimately distortion of the content as a whole. It is important to consider the lexical and grammatical environment of the term. Due to the context, the following translation issues can be addressed: a) the word is used in its common or special narrow meaning; b) the choice of one of several meanings of a polysemous term in a particular context. From agrarian vocabulary, terminological units move into colloquial language, sometimes becoming jargons or terminoids that function in limited areas of engineering and technology, forming a layer of stylized new scientific and technical terms. Professional slang is usually short, expressive and to some extent stylistically colored. The most successful of them are fixed in the terminology system over time and receive official recognition in a certain subject area, being fixed in dictionaries, and some pass to other areas and into the common language. Specifics of functioning the terminological combinations require appropriate methods of their translation, among which there are a few main ones: literal translation of lexical units is carried out with the help of calque; replacement of parts of speech; explanatory translation of terms; translation with word order changes, primarily in attributive group. Conclusions. Agro-biological terminology tends to be poly-variant in translation, polysemy and homonymy. In order to overcome the difficulties in translating professional texts, it is necessary to work more actively with special vocabulary, thoroughly study the issues of ambiguity, synonyms and antonyms, word formation and methods of translation. The above considerations open opportunities for the practical application of these methods of translation of agro-biological terminology, and for further creative search for the correct perception of professionally oriented texts.

About the "supertask" ("sverhzadacha") of K. S. Stanislavsky... (about the history of the word supertask (sverhzadacha) in the Russian language)

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-98
Author(s):  
I. I. Krivonosov
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Method Acting ◽  
The Past ◽  
Initial Term ◽  
History Of ◽  
Structural Methods ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Terminology System ◽  
National Corpus

The article is devoted to the history of the appearance and functioning of the word supertask (sverhzadacha) in the Russian language. Two lines of the lexeme functioning were distinguished: the first is associated with the etymology of the word, the second – with its use by K. S. Stanislavsky in the terminology system and the further entry of the unit into general use on the basis of determinologization. It is interesting that the second meaning has acquired the most widespread use. Only in the past two decades, the word has begun to lose its connection with the process of artistic creation. The purpose of the study was to briefly review the history of the word: from its first fixation in the Russian language and application by K. S. Stanislavsky (to designate one of the key concepts of Method Acting) up to modern contexts of use. The entry of the lexeme into the language was investigated using structural methods. The methods of contextual and distributive analysis were used to analyse both the contexts in which Stanislavsky used this word and the process of its fixation in the National Corpus of the Russian language. Statistical analysis was used to trace the dynamics of integration of the lexeme into the Russian language and its fixation in various spheres. The methods of component and comparative analysis were used to describe the formation mechanism of the initial term in the historical context. Borrowings of the term supertask (sverhzadacha) were found in other languages, indicating the spread of Stanislavsky’s system. The conclusion is drawn that the word supertask (sverhzadacha) functions in the Russian language mainly as a term from Stanislavsky’s system, gradually becoming determinologized and returning to the meaning conveying the logical sum of its constituent components.

Term in Author’s Publicism

2019 ◽  
pp. 163-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larysa Kysliuk
Keyword(s):  
Retrieval System ◽  
The Status ◽  
System 2 ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Terminology System

The article analyses the use of terms and the author’s terminology creation in texts of the journalistic style, in particular, based on the essays. The analysis involves texts by Yu. Shevelev, Ye. Sverstiuk, M. Ryabchuk. The verification of authorship is made by means of the corpus GRAC and the retrieval system Google. In the author’s journalism, the use of well-known terms and the creation of occasional units are observed. The rethinking and metaphorization of well-known socio-political terms are investigated. The tendency of acquiring the terminoids with the author’s neologisms with the prospect of entering the socio-political terminology system was revealed, in the context of the modern updating of social terminology. Occasional neologisms remain within the scope of the author’s text, since they are not created by the need to define a particular phenomenon or process, but primarily for the expression of the author’s assessment. The gradation scale according to correlation between generally accepted and authors’ terms in their functioning is developed: 1) the term as a unit of the terminology system; 2) transient / unstable unit (bi-directional dynamics): a) metaphorization of the term / semantic derivation and its determinism; b) the creation of an author’s term, the acquisition of the status of terminology and subsequent entry into the terminology system; 3) individual (occasional) terminological unit (created / interpreted by author).

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