RESOURCES-BASED STRATEGIES FOR HEALTH PROMOTION OF STUDENTS WITH DIFFERENT GENERAL CONDITIONS AND DIFFERENT ORIGINS

Background: The aim of this study is to investigate the study-/work-related behavior and experience patterns of students, taking into account their origins as well as the stressful general conditions. Methods: A total of 194 students (41.8% women, 58.2% men, 58.7% German and 41.3% international students) were evaluated to their strains during the study and study-/work-related Behavior and Experience Patterns (AVEM). Four potentially stressful conditions were taken into account. Results: For only 14% of international students, but 45% of German students risk patterns for work-related behavior and experience were found. Study-/work-related behaviour and expe-rience patterns depend on the origin of the students. Resources during study were significantly higher among students of German origin. Conclusions: A study-related strengthening of resources is necessary, which can be viewed as a competitive advantage when choosing a study location.

Romanian words of German Origin (based on ALRR. Sinteză, vol. 1–3)

The following presentation is based on the lexical material from vols 1–3 published so far in Atlasului lingvistic român pe regiuni. Sinteză – ALRR. Sinteză [ALRR. Synthesis] [The Romanian linguistic atlas by regions. Synthesis - ALRR. Synthesis]. I, 2007, II, 2012, III, 2018, which includes the answers to the first two chapters of the NALR Questionnaire: 1. Human body (body parts, diseases, physical and moral qualities) (vols I and II of the atlas) and 2. Family (relatives, birth, marriage, death) (vol. III of the atlas). The present study highlights the presence of German loanwords over a wider area than it was known until now. It is worth mentioning, in this respect, German loanwords that have entered the southern area or that have acquired here meanings that are not attested in other areas of the country: tro̯ácă ‘skull’ (Oltenia), ‘cradle’ (Muntenia, Oltenia), scrofuri ‘tonsils (goiter)’ (Muntenia, Oltenia), tron ‘coffin’ (compact area in Oltenia).

GRIGORY IVANOVICH FISCHER VON WALDHEIM AND HIS ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NATURAL SCIENCE IN RUSSIA

Grigory Ivanovich Fischer von Waldheim (Johann Gotthelf Fischer von Waldheim) was an outstanding Russian naturalist-encyclopedist of German origin, an honorary member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences and an honorary professor at Moscow University. From 1804 until the end of his life he worked in Moscow. Author of numerous works on entomology, paleontology, mineralogy and geology. His monographs Entomography of Russia and Orictography of the Moscow Gubernia played an important role in the development of natural science in Russia. G.I. Fischer is the founder of scientific zoology and paleontology in Russia, the founder of Moscow University’s Museum of Natural History as a new type of museum, one of the founders and the first director of the Moscow Society of Nature Experts, which still exists today.

A heritage park or treasury? Material culture of the inhabitants of Bydgoszcz preserved in their urban dialect: Etymological analysis

The study concerns the names of clothing, home furnishings, everyday objects, tools, and means of transport contained in the lexicon of the Bydgoszcz city dialect. This lexical stock includes the names of the outer garment (e.g. buks ‘trousers’), recreational clothes (badeje ‘swimming trunks’), headgear (e.g. lujmycka ‘hooligan’s cap’), footwear (e.g. kropusy ‘men’s shoes with high uppers’). Another area is the apartment; for example, the names of kitchen equipment have German origin (e.g. ausgust ‘kitchen sink’, kastrolka ‘saucepan’). This also concerns the names of three stools differing in height: the lowest one is called ryczka, a taller one is szemel, and the tallest is hoker. Texts in the Bydgoszcz city dialect also contain the names of artefacts necessary to perform everyday activities, such as cleaning (e.g. szruber ‘rice brush’) or laundry (e.g. balia ‘large wooden bath tub’). A separate place in the material culture of the inhabitants of Bydgoszcz is occupied by technological vocabulary, such as the names of tools (żaga ‘saw’) and transport (e.g. rolwaga ‘horse-drawn cart for transportation of goods’). Most of the names are Germanisms. A smaller number come from rural or folk dialects (e.g. modre ‘bleaching agent’, rydelek ‘visor of a cap’, szlory ‘old, trodden footwear’, trygiel ‘cast iron pot’). It is concluded that the city dialect is not only a museum or heritage park but also a treasury of old words.

Both German and Russian: Second-Generation Russian-German Identities in Germany

This essay presents the results of a qualitative interview study with young people of Russian-German origin born in Germany, i. e., the descendants of resettlers (Spätaussiedler) from the successor states of the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Using poststructuralist theories that understand the linguistic practices and discursive attribution of social categories as modes of constituting subjectivity and corresponding identities, this study focuses on processes of natio-ethnocultural identity formation among the second generation of Spätaussiedler and their experiences of being externally ascribed to certain natio-ethnocultural categories. In the existing literature, this topic has been extensively addressed with regard to the first generation of Spätaussiedler, but not the second generation, whose conditions for identity formation in Germany are quite different due to their relative inconspicuousness, i. e., the invisibility of their migration background. For the first generation of Spätaussiedler, the dual exclusion as German in Russia and Russian in Germany was the cause of a persistent identity uncertainty, especially given that the labeling as “Russian” by supposed fellow Germans was perceived as a hurtful mis-ascription. The second generation, in contrast, is not subject to this dual exclusion. Surrounding society generally perceives them as German, thus reinforcing their corresponding self-identification as German. At the same time, there is a limited but positive identification with the category of Russian as well, which is less often activated by external ascriptions and rather fed by the presence of customs in the family context that are perceived as Russian. Members of the second generation are thus able to identify satisfactorily as both “German” and “Russian”. For this generation, the evasive intermediate category “Russian-German” therefore becomes obsolete as a source of identification, while it served and still serves as a first-generation strategy for coping with dual exclusion and the resulting inability to identify as either German or Russian. At the same time, a semantic emptying and a conflation of the category “Russian-German” with the category “Russian” takes place, which results from the second generation never having perceived its own cultural otherness both as non-Russian (before migration) and non-German (after migration), but only as Russian in Germany.

Translation of German anthroponyms in a novel “Die Abenteuer des Werner Holt” (Book 1) by Dieter Noll: linguistic and cultural aspect

The article considers the translation of German anthroponyms in a literary text, taking into account the achievements of modern linguistic and cultural studies. The research is based on the theory of precedent and the following research methods: etymological, word-formation analysis, lexical-semantic analysis, analysis of dictionary definitions, linguistic and stylistic analyses etc. To achieve the purpose of scientific research, such an algorithm of actions is applied: 1) establishment of precedent phenomena and surnames, determination of the association to which they appeal; 2) analysis of the method of transferring German surnames in the Ukrainian translation; 3) identification of translation decisions. The study was based on 190 surnames of characters from Dieter Noll’s novel “Die Abenteuer des Werner Holt” (Book 1). The system of surnames of the novel is divided into two groups: precedent and fictional. Precedent onyms denote famous writers, philosophers, generals and others. Fictitious onyms are divided into German surnames, foreign surnames and author’s surnames. German surnames are of German origin. The second group singles out surnames of Slavic origin. Author’s surnames are characterized by a certain connotation and influence on the reader. The reproduction of German surnames in the Ukrainian translation takes place by means of transcription and transliteration.

Study the Effect of Heat Treatment and Pressure on some the Optical Properties of the Pure PVA Nano Polymer

In this study, some optical properties were studied of the pure vinyl polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanopolymer (German origin). Under the influence of different temperatures and pressures of PVA. Where 25 samples were prepared for the purpose of conducting the research. Which studied the study of these samples was done by recording the absorbance and transmittance spectra of the wavelengths (200-900) nm. From them, absorbance, transmittance, reflectivity, absorption coefficient, refractive index, extinction coefficient, complex dielectric constant were calculated. At different temperatures (25,40, 80, 120, 160)°C. And with different pressures within the range (7.5,8,8.5,9,9.5) MPa. The results are that the permeability of the polymer (PVA) at different temperatures for each pressure decreases with increasing temperature, and that all other calculated optical properties increase with increasing temperature.

Interaction of the (CAG)n polymorphism in the androgen receptor gene and oral con-traceptive use on moral judgement in women

Biological factors including genetic variation are contributors to differences in moral deci-sions. Recently, Gong et al. (2017) reported that female carriers of more shorter alleles of the functional (CAG)n polymorphism in the androgen receptor (AR) gene showed enhanced en-dorsement of harmful actions. We aimed to replicate and extend these findings. N = 155 healthy young adults of Western European/German origin were genotyped for the AR (CAG)n polymorphism and completed a set of moral dilemmas that are designed to allow an estimation of underlying utilitarian and deontological tendencies in addition to the tradition-al moral score. While AR (CAG)n genotype did not affect moral judgement in men, there were (CAG)n × endocrine status interactions in the female sample, particularly on deontolo-gy. Women using oral contraceptives who carried two short (CAG)n alleles had reduced lev-els of deontology compared to carriers of long (CAG)n alleles. Descriptively, the opposite pattern emerged for free cycling women. The findings underscore the importance of andro-genic function for moral judgement and highlight the modulatory role of exogenous steroids.

Dostoevsky's Garibaldi: additions to the commentary

This study is a contribution to the research of the extensive topic of Dostoevsky and Garibaldi and is an analysis of two fragments from Dostoevsky's texts, where he addressed the image of the Italian hero. This image is reflected in the artistic, journalistic and epistolary texts by Dostoevsky, his name is calligraphically printed on the pages of two of the writer's notebooks. The article analyzes an episode from the novel "The Idiot": the story of the liar and braggart General Ivolgin about his wound during the Crimean War that was treated by two outstanding surgeons – the Frenchman O. Nelaton and the Russian N. I. Pirogov. It is shown that the subtext of Ivolgin's story refers to the story of Garibaldi's wound in the battle of Aspromonte and the treatment of his leg by O. Nelaton and N. I. Pirogov, which Dostoevsky and his hero learned about from the newspapers. The European and Russian press, which closely followed the political events in Italy and Europe in the 1860s, created a heroic image of this man. The second reference to Garibaldi is from Dostoevsky's Geneva letter to his niece S. A. Ivanova dated January 1 (13), 1868. It presents a parody sketch of contemporary political events and figures in Italy (Cardinal Antonelli, General Kanzler, the defeat of Garibaldi's army at the Battle of Mentana). They are allegorically transferred to the games and amusements of the younger generation of the Ivanov family, with whom the writer spent the summer of 1866. The article corrects the error made by the publishers of Dostoevsky's letters: the title of "general kanzler" (this is how this phrase was published) never existed — in the Battle of Mentana, the supreme commander of the papal troops, which defeated Garibaldi, was General Hermann Kanzler, who had a German origin and surname. The cases considered indicate a significant interest of the writer in the heroic personality of Giuseppe Garibaldi, his activities and fate.

UDMURT NAMES OF GODS, GHOSTS AND HOLIDAYS IN J.G. GEORGI's 18th CENTURY ETHNOGRAPHICAL HANDBOOK

German origin natural scientist Johann Gottlieb Georgi participated in the Orenburg Expedition, organized by the Imperial Academy of St. Petersburg. Between 1770 and 1774 he travelled in the Middle and Lower Volga Region, the Orenburg area, Bashkiria, the neighbourhood of Lake Baikal and reached as far as the Russian-Chinese-Mongolian border. He summarized his experiences of the journey in his book titled Bemerkungen einer Reise im Russischen Reich im Jahre 1772-1774 . A few years later he published an extended version of the Bemerkungen , titled Beschreibung aller Nationen des Russischen Reichs , a richly illustrated volume describing in detail the customs and religious life of 80 peoples in Russia. One of these is the Udmurts. Georgi tells us about the living circumstances, clothing, wedding and burying customs of the Udmurts and describes very thoroughly their gods, ghosts, holidays, sacrifices, also providing us with the Udmurt names for them. He writes about the main gods (Inmar, Kildisin, Mu-Kildisin, Šundi mumi) , the evil god (Šajtan) , the guardian spirits and the evil spirits (Voršud, Vu murt, Palas murt, Ubir, Albaste) . He also describes the sacrificial places (keremet and lud, kuala, mudor) , writes about the sacrificial (vöś, vöśan) ceremony and about the mediators (tuno, uťis, vedin) between earth and heaven. He also mentions some special events like the spring sowing and the summertime and autumn harvests.