Carbon materials in the treatment of soft and hard tissue injuries

AbstractTraumatic dental injuries affect 1 to 3% of the population, and disproportionately affect children and adolescents. The management of these injuries incorporates the age of patients, as children between 6 and 13 years of age have a mixed dentition. This helps to preserve the vitality of teeth that may be salvaged after a traumatic event. The clinical examination of these cases involves a thorough examination of the maxilla and mandible for associated fractures and any lodged debris and dislodged teeth or tooth fragments. The objective is to rule out any accidental aspiration or displacement into the nose, sinuses, or soft tissue. After ruling out any complications, the focus is on determining the type of injury to the tooth or teeth involved. These include clinical examination for any color change in the teeth, mobility testing, and testing for pulp vitality. Radiographic evaluation using periapical, occlusal, panoramic radiographs, and cone beam computed tomography is performed to view the effect of trauma on the tooth, root, periodontal ligament, and adjoining bone. The most commonly used classification system for dental trauma is Andreasen's classification and is applied to both deciduous and permanent teeth. Managing dental trauma is based on the type of injury, such as hard tissue and pulp injuries, injuries to periodontal tissue, injuries of the supporting bone, and injuries of the gingiva and oral mucosa. Hard-tissue injuries without the involvement of the pulp typically require restoration only. Any pulp involvement may require endodontic treatment. Fractures involving the alveolar bone or luxation of the tooth require stabilization which is typically achieved with flexible splints. The most common procedures employed in managing dental injuries include root canal/endodontics, surgical tooth repositioning, and flexible splinting. Recognition and treatment of these injuries are necessary to facilitate proper healing and salvage of a patient's natural dentition, reducing future complications to patients.

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The Craft of Dentist in the Art of Sports

International Journal of Applied Science ◽

10.30560/ijas.v4n2p1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. p1

Author(s):

Pooja Khandelwal

Keyword(s):

Physical Education ◽

Clinical Medicine ◽

Hard Tissue ◽

Career Option ◽

Tissue Injuries ◽

Dental Injuries ◽

Current Guidelines

Sports is an integral part of life and has become a career option for many. This article is based on the injuries that are both soft and hard tissue injuries encountered in sports and studies on the incidence of orofacial injuries by various authors, their prevention and protection with the use of special appliances. Immediate and long treatment of dental injuries and their rehabilitation. This article also talks about the current guidelines to practice as a Sports dentist. The data is collected from PubMed, ResearchGate, International journal of physical education, sports and health, European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, International Dental Journal, academyforsportsdentistry.org.

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Iatrogenic Damage to the Periodontium Caused by Exodontic Treatment Procedures: An Overview

The Open Dentistry Journal ◽

10.2174/1874210601509010197 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 197-199

Author(s):

Senthil RS Rajan ◽

Khaja Amjad Hussain ◽

Bassel Tarakji ◽

Saleh Nasser Azzeghaibi ◽

Syed Sirajuddin

Keyword(s):

Hard Tissue ◽

Wide Range ◽

Iatrogenic Damage ◽

Tissue Injuries ◽

Treatment Procedures

Dentists encounter a wide range of hard-tissue injuries in practice. Dental extractions are one of the most common procedures in dentistry and may lead to several complications, including oral sinus complications, osteitis, infection, dysesthesia, pain, and bleeding.

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Incidence Pattern of Bear-Inflicted Injuries to the Maxillofacial Region—Soft and Hard Tissue Injuries, Their Management, and Sequelae

Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

10.1016/j.joms.2018.12.029 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 77 (5) ◽

pp. 1043.e1-1043.e15 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Narotam Kumar Ghezta ◽

Yogesh Bhardwaj ◽

Rangila Ram ◽

Razi Ahsan ◽

Saurabh Arya

Keyword(s):

Hard Tissue ◽

Maxillofacial Region ◽

Incidence Pattern ◽

Tissue Injuries

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Three-dimensional distribution of ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygemase during the early development of proplastids in dark-grown Euglena cells transferred to an inorganic medium

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100162090 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 906-907

Author(s):

Tomoko Ehara ◽

Shuji Sumida ◽

Tetsuaki Osafune ◽

Eiji Hase

Keyword(s):

Cell Suspension ◽

Euglena Gracilis ◽

Carbon Materials ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Peripheral Region ◽

Plastid Development ◽

Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽

Inorganic Medium ◽

Ribulose 1 ◽

Dimensional Distribution

As shown previously, Euglena cells grown in Hutner’s medium in the dark without agitation accumulate wax as well as paramylum, and contain proplastids showing no internal structure except for a single prothylakoid existing close to the envelope. When the cells are transferred to an inorganic medium containing ammonium salt and the cell suspension is aerated in the dark, the wax was oxidatively metabolized, providing carbon materials and energy 23 for some dark processes of plastid development. Under these conditions, pyrenoid-like structures (called “pro-pyrenoids”) are formed at the sites adjacent to the prolamel larbodies (PLB) localized in the peripheral region of the proplastid. The single prothylakoid becomes paired with a newly formed prothylakoid, and a part of the paired prothylakoids is extended, with foldings, in to the “propyrenoid”. In this study, we observed a concentration of RuBisCO in the “propyrenoid” of Euglena gracilis strain Z using immunoelectron microscopy.

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Effects of Hypophysectomy on the Occurrence and Calcifiability of Matrix Vesicles in the Epiphyseal Growth Plate of Immature Rats

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s1431927600002579 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 38 ◽

pp. 578-579

Author(s):

S. I. Coleman ◽

W. J. Dougherty

Keyword(s):

Growth Plate ◽

Matrix Vesicles ◽

Epiphyseal Growth Plate ◽

Hard Tissue ◽

Hormonal Factors ◽

Post Surgery ◽

Mineral Deposition ◽

Thin Sectioning ◽

Integral Role ◽

Cellular Secretion

In the cellular secretion theory of mineral deposition, extracellular matrix vesicles are believed to play an integral role in hard tissue mineralization (1). Membrane limited matrix vesicles arise from the plasma membrane of epiphyseal chondrocytes and tooth odontoblasts by a budding process (2, 3). Nutritional and hormonal factors have been postulated to play essential roles in mineral deposition and apparently have a direct effect on matrix vesicles of calcifying cartilage as concluded by Anderson and Sajdera (4). Immature (75-85 gm) Long-Evans hooded rats were hypophysectomized by the parapharyngeal approach and maintained fourteen (14) days post-surgery. At this time, the animals were anesthetized and perfusion fixed in cacodylate buffered 2.5% glutaraldehyde. The proximal tibias were quickly dissected out and split sagittally. One half was used for light microscopy (LM) and the other for electron microscopy (EM). The halves used for EM were cut into blocks approximately 1×3 mm. The tissue blocks were prepared for ultra-thin sectioning and transmission EM. The tissue was oriented so as to section through the epiphyseal growth plate from the zone of proliferating cartilage on down through the hypertrophic zone and into the initial trabecular bone. Sections were studied stained (double heavy metal) and unstained.

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