scholarly journals WI-FI Access Point (WAP) OPTIMAL Placement in an Indoor Location

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1084-1087
Author(s):  
Roohi Farheen
Keyword(s):  
Simulated Annealing ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Access Point ◽  
Indoor Positioning ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Optimal Placement ◽  
Location Services ◽  
Access Points ◽  
Indoor Location

Abstract: The popularity of location based applications is undiminished today. They require accurate location information which is a challenging issue in indoor environments. Wireless technologies can help derive indoor positioning data. Especially, the WiFi technology is a promising candidate due to the existing and almost ubiquitous Wi-Fi infrastructure. The already deployed WiFi devices can also serve as reference points for localization eliminating the cost of setting up a dedicated system. However, the primary purpose of these Wi-Fi systems is data communication and not providing location services. This accuracy can be increased by carefully placing the Wi-Fi access points to cover the given territory properly. This method is based on simulated annealing which finds the optimal number and placement of Wi-Fi access points with regard to indoor positioning and investigate its performance in a real environment scenario via simulations. Keywords: Wi-fi access point (WAP), simulated annealing, router, wireless, placement, locationing.

The Research of Indoor Positioning Based on Double Wireless Access Points

2014 ◽  
Vol 536-537 ◽  
pp. 291-295
Author(s):  
Ke Fei Cheng ◽  
Hong Cai
Keyword(s):  
Access Point ◽  
Signal Propagation ◽  
Indoor Positioning ◽  
Propagation Model ◽  
Wireless Access ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Manifold Regularization ◽  
Access Points ◽  
Signal Propagation Model ◽  
Wireless Access Point

Aiming at the problem of low accuracy of indoor positioning by singular wireless access point, this paper proposes a method which is based on the result of weighted calculation using the positioning of two wireless access points. In the experiment, the method use two wireless access point to acquire the signal samples respectively in an office, using the signal propagation model and manifold regularization model to study the surroundings. At the positioning phase, the final position can be obtained by weighted calculating the results of the two wireless access point and the nature of triangular midline. The experimental results show that using the proposed method, the average error value is 20% lower than the corresponding version, using singular wireless access point.

scholarly journals Penggunaan Metode Simulated Annealing untuk Optimasi Penempatan Posisi Access Point pada Jaringan WI-FI

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Ganang Eko Noviardianto ◽  
Muhammad Novel ◽  
Mercurius Broto Legowo
Keyword(s):  
Simulated Annealing ◽  
Statistical Mechanics ◽  
Signal Strength ◽  
Access Point ◽  
Simulated Annealing Method ◽  
Access Points ◽  
Optimum Solution ◽  
Received Signal Strength Indication ◽  
Annealing Method

<p><em>Abstrak</em><strong> </strong>– <strong>Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menempatkan titik akses pada jaringan Wi-Fi</strong><strong>. </strong><strong>Dengan demikian, kekuatan sinyal yang diterima dari pemancar ke penerima adalah optimal. Masalah muncul ketika menempatkan titik akses untuk mempengaruhi nilai kekuatan sinyal. Selanjutnya, nilai ini akan digunakan untuk menentukan area jangkauan (jangkauan sinyal) dari pemancar</strong><strong> (<em>access point</em></strong><strong>). Penelitian ini adalah studi kasus di Kampus Institut Perbanas di mana pengukuran kekuatan sinyal dari titik akses terhadap penerima di unit 2 dan unit 6 dari Perbanas Institute diukur menggunakan aplikasi inSSIDer. Studi kasus ini menghasilkan nilai Indikasi Kekuatan Sinyal yang Diterima (RSSI) dari pemancar ke penerima. Metode</strong><strong> </strong><strong><em>Simulated</em></strong><strong><em> </em></strong><strong><em>Annealing</em></strong><strong> diterapkan dalam penelitian ini, dengan alasan untuk optimasi generik. Berdasarkan probabilitas dan mekanika statistik, algoritma ini dapat digunakan untuk menemukan pendekatan pada solusi optimal untuk suatu masalah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa </strong><strong>setelah dilakukan optimisasi menggunakan </strong><strong>m</strong><strong>etode</strong><strong> </strong><strong><em>Simulated</em></strong><strong><em> </em></strong><strong><em>Annealing</em></strong><strong><em> </em></strong><strong>prosentase <em>koverage area</em> sebesar 98.66 % dan, diperoleh</strong> <strong>kenaikan persentase <em>koverage area</em> sebesar 87.15%.</strong><strong> Dengan demikian, penelitian ini akan memberikan kontribusi untuk memodelkan penempatan </strong><strong>posis </strong><strong>titik akses</strong><strong> </strong><strong>dan kekuatan sinyal </strong><strong>pada jaringan Wi-Fi </strong><strong>yang diperoleh di Unit 2 dan Unit 6 Kampus Institut Perbanas</strong></p><p><em>Abstract</em> – <strong>The purpose of this study is to place access points on Wi-Fi networks. Thus, the signal strength received from the transmitter to the receiver is optimal. Problems arise when placing access points to influence the signal strength value. Furthermore, this value will be used to determine the koverage area (signal koverage) of a transmitter (access point). This research is a case study at the Perbanas Institute Campus where measurements of the signal strength of the access point towards recipients in unit 2 and unit 6 of Perbanas Institute were measured using the inSSIDer application. This case study produced a Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) value from a transmitter to the receiver. </strong><strong>The Simulated Annealing method applied in this study, with reasons for generic optimization. </strong><strong>Based on probability and statistical mechanics, this algorithm can be used to find an approach to the optimum solution to a problem. </strong><strong>The results showed that after optimization using the Simulated Annealing method the percentage of koverage area was 98.66%. And, the percentage of the koverage area was increased by 87.15%.</strong> <strong>Thus, this study will contribute to modeling the placement of access points and signal strength in Wi-Fi networks obtained in Units 2 and 6 of the Perbanas Institute Campus.</strong></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong> -  <em>Koverage Area</em><em>, </em><em>RSSI</em><em>, </em><em>Simulated Annealing</em><em>, </em><em>Propaga</em><em>tion, </em><em>Wi-F</em><em>i</em><strong><em></em></strong></p>

scholarly journals WiFi FTM, UWB and Cellular-Based Radio Fusion for Indoor Positioning

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 7020
Author(s):  
Carlos S. Álvarez-Merino ◽  
Hao Qiang Luo-Chen ◽  
Emil Jatib Khatib ◽  
Raquel Barco
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Location Based Services ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Location Services ◽  
Indoor Location ◽  
Location Service ◽  
Indoor Localisation

High-precision indoor localisation is becoming a necessity with novel location-based services that are emerging around 5G. The deployment of high-precision indoor location technologies is usually costly due to the high density of reference points. In this work, we propose the opportunistic fusion of several different technologies, such as ultra-wide band (UWB) and Wi-Fi fine-time measurement (FTM), in order to improve the performance of location. We also propose the use of fusion with cellular networks, such as LTE, to complement these technologies where the number of reference points is under-determined, increasing the availability of the location service. Maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) is presented to weight the different reference points to eliminate outliers, and several searching methods are presented and evaluated for the localisation algorithm. An experimental setup is used to validate the presented system, using UWB and Wi-Fi FTM due to their incorporation in the latest flagship smartphones. It is shown that the use of multi-technology fusion in trilateration algorithm remarkably optimises the precise coverage area. In addition, it reduces the positioning error by over-determining the positioning problem. This technique reduces the costs of any network deployment oriented to location services, since a reduced number of reference points from each technology is required.

A Cloud Platform and Hybrid Positioning Method for Indoor Location Service

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinzhong Mi ◽  
Dehai Li ◽  
Xiao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Data Communication ◽  
Indoor Positioning ◽  
Cloud Platform ◽  
Indoor Location ◽  
Location Service ◽  
Computing Services ◽  
Hybrid Positioning ◽  
Resource Virtualization ◽  
Positioning Method ◽  
Hardware Resource

&lt;p&gt;In order to deal with the discontinuity and deficient availability of indoor positioning, a private cloud platform of location service was built in this paper, and a hybrid positioning technology was realized. In this platform, dynamic deployment, elastic computing, and on-demand cloud computing services was implemented by the hardware resource virtualization. The limits in large users online service and data communication were overcome by utilizing microservices management and its cloud-push-service component. In the hybrid cloud positioning, a method of beacon node correction and autonomous trajectory estimation was proposed. This method could improve continuity and usability of indoor positioning, and reach a positioning accuracy of 2m approximately. At last, by integrating indoor map and hybrid indoor positioning, the cloud software and terminal application had been developed for public location service.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals A Precise Indoor Visual Positioning Approach Using a Built Image Feature Database and Single User Image from Smartphone Cameras

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Li ◽  
Ruizhi Chen ◽  
Xuan Liao ◽  
Bingxuan Guo ◽  
Weilong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Indoor Positioning ◽  
Bundle Adjustment ◽  
Image Feature ◽  
Location Services ◽  
Indoor Location ◽  
Point Pair ◽  
Visual Positioning ◽  
Feature Database

Indoor visual positioning is a key technology in a variety of indoor location services and applications. The particular spatial structures and environments of indoor spaces is a challenging scene for visual positioning. To address the existing problems of low positioning accuracy and low robustness, this paper proposes a precision single-image-based indoor visual positioning method for a smartphone. The proposed method includes three procedures: First, color sequence images of the indoor environment are collected in an experimental room, from which an indoor precise-positioning-feature database is produced, using a classic speed-up robust features (SURF) point matching strategy and the multi-image spatial forward intersection. Then, the relationships between the smartphone positioning image SURF feature points and object 3D points are obtained by an efficient similarity feature description retrieval method, in which a more reliable and correct matching point pair set is obtained, using a novel matching error elimination technology based on Hough transform voting. Finally, efficient perspective-n-point (EPnP) and bundle adjustment (BA) methods are used to calculate the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of the positioning image, and the location of the smartphone is obtained as a result. Compared with the ground truth, results of the experiments indicate that the proposed approach can be used for indoor positioning, with an accuracy of approximately 10 cm. In addition, experiments show that the proposed method is more robust and efficient than the baseline method in a real scene. In the case where sufficient indoor textures are present, it has the potential to become a low-cost, precise, and highly available indoor positioning technology.

scholarly journals A Clustering-Based Approach for Improving the Accuracy of UWB Sensor-Based Indoor Positioning System

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taner Arsan ◽  
Mohammed Muwafaq Noori Hameez
Keyword(s):  
Kalman Filter ◽  
Mean Shift ◽  
Indoor Positioning ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Indoor Location ◽  
Test Points ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Indoor Positioning System

There are several methods which can be used to locate an object or people in an indoor location. Ultra-wideband (UWB) is a specifically promising indoor positioning technology because of its high accuracy, resistance to interference, and better penetration. This study aims to improve the accuracy of the UWB sensor-based indoor positioning system. To achieve that, the proposed system is trained by using the K-means algorithm with an additional average silhouette method. This helps us to define the optimal number of clusters to be used by the K-means algorithm based on the value of the silhouette coefficient. Fuzzy c-means and mean shift algorithms are added for comparison purposes. This paper also introduces the impact of the Kalman filter while using the measured UWB test points as an input for the Kalman filter in order to obtain a better estimation of the position. As a result, the average localization error is reduced by 43.26% (from 16.3442 cm to 9.2745 cm) when combining the K-means algorithm with the Kalman filter in which the Kalman-filtered UWB-measured test points are used as an input for the proposed system.

scholarly journals CAPTURE: A Mobile Based Indoor Positioning System using Wireless Indoor Positioning System

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohanes Erwin Dari ◽  
Suyoto Suyoto Suyoto ◽  
Pranowo Pranowo Pranowo
Keyword(s):  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Access Point ◽  
Indoor Positioning ◽  
Location Based Services ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
K Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Indoor Location ◽  
Pointing Device ◽  
Accurate Position ◽  
Indoor Positioning System

The existence of mobile devices as a location pointing device using Global Positioning System (GPS) is a very common thing nowadays. The use of GPS as a tool to determine the location of course has a shortage when used indoors. Therefore, the used of indoor location-based services in a room that leverages the use of Access Point (AP) is very important. By using the information of the Received Signal Strength (RSS) obtained from AP, then the location of the device can be determined without the need to use GPS. This technique is called the location fingerprint technique using the characteristics of received RSS’s fingerprint, then use it to determine the position. To get a more accurate position then authors used the K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) method. KNN will use some of the data that obtained from some AP to assist in positioning the device. This solution of course would be able to determine the position of the devices in a storied building.

scholarly journals An Efficient Indoor Positioning Method Based on Wi-Fi RSS Fingerprint and Classification Algorithm

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 3418
Author(s):  
Balaji Ezhumalai ◽  
Moonbae Song ◽  
Kwangjin Park
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Clustering Algorithms ◽  
Access Point ◽  
Indoor Positioning ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Positioning Accuracy ◽  
Signal Distribution ◽  
Positioning Method ◽  
Handling Method

Wi-Fi received signal strength (RSS) fingerprint-based indoor positioning has been widely used because of its low cost and universality advantages. However, the Wi-Fi RSS is greatly affected by multipath interference in indoor environments, which can cause significant errors in RSS observations. Many methods have been proposed to overcome this issue, including the average method and the error handling method, but these existing methods do not consider the ever-changing dynamics of RSS in indoor environments. In addition, traditional RSS-based clustering algorithms have been proposed in the literature, but they make clusters without considering the nonlinear similarity between reference points (RPs) and the signal distribution in ever-changing indoor environments. Therefore, to improve the positioning accuracy, this paper presents an improved RSS measurement technique (IRSSMT) to minimize the error of RSS observation by using the number of selected RSS and its median values, and the strongest access point (SAP) information-based clustering technique, which groups the RPs using their SAP similarity. The performance of this proposed method is tested by experiments conducted in two different experimental environments. The results reveal that our proposed method can greatly outperform the existing algorithms and improve the positioning accuracy by 89.06% and 67.48%, respectively.

scholarly journals A Probabilistic Approach for Optimal Design of Indoor Positioning Systems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bráulio Henrique O. U. V. Pinto ◽  
Horácio A. B. F. de Oliveira ◽  
Eduardo Souto
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Positioning ◽  
Location Estimation ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Location Based Services ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Localization Error ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Access Points ◽  
The Impact

Indoor Positioning Systems (IPSs) are designed to provide solutions for location-based services. Wireless local area network (WLAN)-based positioning systems are the most widespread around the globe and are commonly found to have a ready-to-use infrastructure composed mostly of access points (APs). They provide useful information on signal strength to be processed by adequate location algorithms, which are not always capable of achieving the desired localization error only by themselves. In this sense, this paper proposes a new method to improve the accuracy of IPSs by optimizing some of their most relevant infrastructure components. Included are the arrangement of APs over the environment, the number of reference points (RPs), and the number of samples per location estimation test. A simulation environment is also proposed, in which the impact of key influencing factors on system accuracy is analyzed. Finally, a case study is simulated to validate an optimal combination of design parameters and its compliance with the requirements of localization error and the limited number of access points. Our simulation results clearly show that the desired localization accuracy, which is set as a goal, can be achieved while maintaining the factors already mentioned at minimal levels, which decreases both system deployment costs and computational effort.

scholarly journals An effective algorithm to overcome the practical hindrance for Wi-Fi based indoor positioning system

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-123
Author(s):  
Bhulakshmi Bonthu ◽  
M Subaji
Keyword(s):  
Signal Strength ◽  
Access Point ◽  
Indoor Positioning ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Radio Waves ◽  
Direct Path ◽  
Received Signal Strength Indicator ◽  
Access Points ◽  
Measuring Techniques ◽  
Indoor Positioning System

AbstractIndoor tracking has evolved with various methods. The most popular method is using signal strength measuring techniques like triangulation, trilateration and fingerprinting, etc. Generally, these methods use the internal sensors of the smartphone. All these techniques require an adequate number of access point signals. The estimated positioning accuracy depends on the number of signals received at any point and precision of its signal (Wi-Fi radio waves) strength. In a practical environment, the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) of the access point is hindered by obstacles or blocks in the direct path or Line of sight. Such access points become an anomaly in the calculation of position. By detecting the anomaly access points and neglecting it during the computation of an indoor position will improve the accuracy of the positioning system. The proposed method, Practical Hindrance Avoidance in an Indoor Positioning System (PHA-IPS), eliminate the anomaly nodes while estimating the position, so then enhances the accuracy.

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