scholarly journals Time Optimization for Radius Updates in Zone Dynamics of Zone Routing Protocol

2020 ◽  
pp. 147-154
Author(s):  
Muhsin Bayu Aji Fadhillah ◽  
Radityo Anggoro
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Hybrid Routing ◽  
Zone Routing Protocol ◽  
Fixed Radius ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Adaptive Radius ◽  
Network Technologies

Vehicular ad hoc networks are wireless network technologies that can be used to communicate without the need for fixed infrastructure. The use of zone routing protocol which is a hybrid routing protocol in a vehicular ad hoc network environment can reduce delay, packet flooding, and excess bandwidth usage on the network. However, traditional zone routing protocol is only configured for one fixed radius value, which makes it not adapt to existing network conditions. Zone dynamics with adaptive radius values in zone routing protocol are used so that zones formed by nodes are more optimal. In adapting the radius value to make the zone dynamics necessary, the optimal configuration of the radius update time is required. Simulations and tests that have been carried out with NS-2 show that the proper update time can improve zone routing protocol performance with a low end-to-end delay and routing overhead value, but has a high packet delivery ratio.

Research on a Reliable Zone Routing Protocol and its Key Technologies in Ad Hoc Networks

2014 ◽  
Vol 926-930 ◽  
pp. 2010-2013
Author(s):  
Jing Wu ◽  
Shan Shan Sun ◽  
Li Qin Tian
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Transmission Delay ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Data Packets ◽  
Hybrid Routing ◽  
Zone Routing Protocol ◽  
Key Technologies ◽  
Hoc Networks

In ad hoc networks, ZRP is the most typical protocol in hybrid routing protocols. Aiming at the problem that the scheme for maintaining an inter-zone route in ZRP makes ZRP take more lost packets and more route re-discovering times; the former makes ZRP take lower delivery ratio of data packets, which makes ZRP take less reliability; the latter makes ZRP take more transmission delay and more routing overheads, a reliable zone routing protocol (RZRP) was proposed. RZRP was designed from basic idea and key technologies, and the protocol performance was analyzed in a simulation. The simulation results show that RZRP improves delivery ratio of data packets, which shows that RZRP improves the protocol reliability, and RZRP also reduces the transmission delay and routing overheads.

Modified fuzzy-based greedy routing protocol for VANETs

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 8357-8364
Author(s):  
Thompson Stephan ◽  
Ananthnarayan Rajappa ◽  
K.S. Sendhil Kumar ◽  
Shivang Gupta ◽  
Achyut Shankar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Greedy Routing ◽  
Hoc Networks

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) is the most growing research area in wireless communication and has been gaining significant attention over recent years due to its role in designing intelligent transportation systems. Wireless multi-hop forwarding in VANETs is challenging since the data has to be relayed as soon as possible through the intermediate vehicles from the source to destination. This paper proposes a modified fuzzy-based greedy routing protocol (MFGR) which is an enhanced version of fuzzy logic-based greedy routing protocol (FLGR). Our proposed protocol applies fuzzy logic for the selection of the next greedy forwarder to forward the data reliably towards the destination. Five parameters, namely distance, direction, speed, position, and trust have been used to evaluate the node’s stability using fuzzy logic. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed MFGR scheme can achieve the best performance in terms of the highest packet delivery ratio (PDR) and minimizes the average number of hops among all protocols.

scholarly journals Determining an optimum zone radius for zone routing protocol (ZRP) based on node mobility

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 1230
Author(s):  
Khalid W. Al-Ani ◽  
Salman Yussof ◽  
Hussein M. Haglan ◽  
Hothefa Shaker ◽  
Linda Mahdi Alani
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Node Mobility ◽  
Hybrid Routing ◽  
Zone Routing Protocol ◽  
Reactive Routing ◽  
Manet Routing ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Zone Radius

Mobility is one of the important issues in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET). By definition, MANET nodes are free to move around and this may cause difficulty in routing. MANET routing protocols must consider this factor when making routing decision. Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP) is a hybrid routing protocol, which utilizes the proactive and reactive routing protocols advantages. ZRP proactively maintains routing information within a routing zone, while reactively discovering routes to destinations beyond the routing zone. Since ZRP is based on the concept of routing zone, determining an optimum routing zone radius has the major impact on the performance of that protocol. In this research, we studied the effect of zone radius on the performance of ZRP with different levels of node mobility. Node mobility is defined using two different parameters: node speed and pause time. Based on the simulation results, ZRP protocol using zone radius of two provides the best packet delivery fraction, throughput and normalized routing load. However, a larger zone radius will provide a lower delay.

scholarly journals W-GPCR Routing Method for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 3406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Li ◽  
Zhiru Gu ◽  
Yonghong Long ◽  
Xiaohua Shu ◽  
Qing Rong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Relay Node ◽  
Geographic Routing ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Local Optimum ◽  
Hoc Networks

The high-speed dynamics of nodes and rapid change of network topology in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) pose significant challenges for the design of routing protocols. Because of the unpredictability of VANETs, selecting the appropriate next-hop relay node, which is related to the performance of the routing protocol, is a difficult task. As an effective solution for VANETs, geographic routing has received extensive attention in recent years. The Greedy Perimeter Coordinator Routing (GPCR) protocol is a widely adopted position-based routing protocol. In this paper, to improve the performance in sparse networks, the local optimum, and the routing loop in the GPCR protocol, the Weighted-GPCR (W-GPCR) protocol is proposed. Firstly, the relationship between vehicle node routing and other parameters, such as the Euclidean distance between node pairs, driving direction, and density, is analyzed. Secondly, the composite parameter weighted model is established and the calculation method is designed for the existing routing problems; the weighted parameter ratio is selected adaptively in different scenarios, so as to obtain the optimal next-hop relay node. In order to verify the performance of the W-GPCR method, the proposed method is compared with existing methods, such as the traditional Geographic Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR) protocol and GPCR. Results show that this method is superior in terms of the package delivery ratio, end-to-end delay, and average hop count.

The Analysis on Research Progress of the Typical Hybrid Routing Protocol in Ad Hoc Networks

2014 ◽  
Vol 981 ◽  
pp. 490-493
Author(s):  
Jing Wu ◽  
Guo Zhao Hou ◽  
Zhen Guo Chen ◽  
Li Qin Tian
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Hybrid Routing ◽  
Zone Routing Protocol ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Theory Research ◽  
Hybrid Routing Protocol

The research progress of the typical hybrid routing protocol (ZRP, Zone Routing Protocol) in ad hoc networks is analyzed, which includes the analysis on ZRP and the analysis on ZRP related research. This work can provide a reference of basic theory research of ZRP for experts and scholars. And it will get ready for the further research work in the future.

scholarly journals RESP: Relay Suitability-based Routing Protocol for Video Streaming in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-38
Author(s):  
Omar A. Hammood ◽  
Mohd Nizam ◽  
Muamer Nafaa ◽  
Waleed A. Hammood
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Video Streaming ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Packet Delay ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Link Stability ◽  
Hoc Networks

Video streaming in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) is a fundamental requirement for a roadside emergency and smart video surveillance services. However, vehicles moving at a high speed usually create unstable wireless links that drop video frames qualities. In a high-density network, network collision between vehicles is another obstacle in improving the scalability of unicast routing protocols. In this paper, the RElay Suitability-based Routing Protocol (RESP) which makes a routing decision based on the link stability measurement was proposed for an uninterrupted video streaming. The RESP estimates the geographic advancement and link stability of a vehicle towards its destination only in the small region. To ensure the reliability while extending the scalability of routing, the relay suitability metric integrates the packet delay, collision dropping, link stability, and the Expected Transmission Count (ETX) in the weighted division algorithm, and selects a high-quality forwarding node for video streaming. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed RESP outperformed the link Lifetime-aware Beacon-less Routing Protocol (LBRP) and other traditional geographical streaming protocols in providing a high packet delivery ratio and less packet delay with various network densities, and proved the scalability support of RESP for video streaming.

Research of Improvement of GPSR Protocol in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

2015 ◽  
Vol 738-739 ◽  
pp. 1115-1118
Author(s):  
Li Cui Zhang ◽  
Xiao Nan Zhu ◽  
Zhi Gang Wang ◽  
Guang Hui Han
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Packet Delivery Ratio ◽  
Data Packet ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
Hoc Networks

Considering the shortcoming of the traditional Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing Protocol in the Vehicular Ad hoc Networks ,this paper focuses on an improved GPSR protocol based on the density of vehicle flow .This new scheme includes macro-directing algorithm , micro-forwarding strategy and the maintenance of the neighbor list.The simulation result shows that compared with the traditional GPSR protocol, the new GPSR protocol improves data packet delivery ratio, but its average end-to-end delay is slightly larger than before.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document