scholarly journals Structure of a 3D frame-bridge NiTi sample deposited on a low carbon steel substrate by wire arc additive manufacturing

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 496-500
Author(s):  
Natalia Resnina ◽  
I.A. Palani ◽  
Pavel Liulchak ◽  
Sergey Belyaev ◽  
S.S. Mani Prabu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

scholarly journals Environmental Behavior of Low Carbon Steel Produced by a Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Process

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron ◽  
Levy ◽  
Dolev ◽  
Leon ◽  
Shirizly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Environmental Behavior ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
General Corrosion ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Corrosion Performance ◽  
Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

: Current additive manufacturing (AM) processes are mainly focused on powder bed technologies, such as electron beam melting (EBM) and selective laser melting (SLM). However, the main disadvantages of such techniques are related to the high cost of metal powder, the degree of energy consumption, and the sizes of the components, that are limited by the size of the printing cell. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the environmental behavior of low carbon steel (ER70S-6) produced by a relatively inexpensive AM process using wire feed arc welding. The mechanical properties were examined by tension testing and hardness measurements, while microstructure was assessed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. General corrosion performance was evaluated by salt spray testing, immersion testing, potentiodynamic polarization analysis, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Stress corrosion performance was characterized in terms of slow strain rate testing (SSRT). All corrosion tests were carried out in 3.5% NaCl solution at room temperature. The results indicated that the general corrosion resistance of wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) samples were quite similar to those of the counterpart ST-37 steel and the stress corrosion resistance of both alloys was adequate. Altogether, it was clearly evident that the WAAM process did not encounter any deterioration in corrosion performance compared to its conventional wrought alloy counterpart.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF WELDING CURRENT ON THE SHAPE AND MICROSTRUCTURE FORMATION OF THIN-WALLED LOW-CARBON PARTS BUILT BY WIRE ARC ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 461
Author(s):  
Van Thao Le ◽  
Quang Huy Hoang ◽  
Van Chau Tran ◽  
Dinh Si Mai ◽  
Duc Manh Dinh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Welding Current ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Microstructure Formation ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is nowadays gaining much attention from both the academic and industrial sectors for the manufacture of medium and large dimension metal parts because of its high deposition rate and low costs of equipment investment. In the literature, WAAM has been extensively investigated in terms of the shape and dimension accuracy of built parts. However, limited research has focused on the effects of welding parameters on the microstructural characteristics of parts manufactured by this process. In this paper, the effects of welding current in the WAAM process on the shape and the microstructure formation of built thin-walled low-carbon steel components were studied. For this purpose, the thin-walled low-carbon steel samples were built layer-by-layer on the substrates by using an industrial gas metal arc welding robot with different levels of welding current. The shape, microstructures and mechanical properties of built samples were then analyzed. The obtained results show that the welding current plays an important role in the shape stability, but does not significantly influence on the microstructure formation of built thin-walled samples. The increase of the welding current only leads to coarser grain size and resulting in decreasing the hardness of built materials in each zone of the built sample. The mechanical properties (hardness and tensile properties) of the WAAM-built thin-walled low-carbon steel parts are also comparable to those of wrought low-carbon steel, and to be adequate with real applications.

Fabrication of bimetallic additively manufactured structure (BAMS) of low carbon steel and 316L austenitic stainless steel with wire + arc additive manufacturing

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Rumman Ul Ahsan ◽  
Ali Newaz Mohammad Tanvir ◽  
Taylor Ross ◽  
Ahmed Elsawy ◽  
Min-Suk Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Hardness Profile ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Multiple Materials ◽  
Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

Purpose Wire + arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) uses existing welding technology to make a part from metal deposited in an almost net shape. WAAM is flexible in that it can use multiple materials successively or simultaneously during the manufacturing of a single component. Design/methodology/approach In this work, a gas metal arc welding (GMAW) based wire + arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) system has been developed to use two material successively and fabricate bimetallic additively manufactured structure (BAMS) of low carbon steel and AISI 316L stainless steel (SS). Findings The interface shows two distinctive zones of LCS and SS deposits without any weld defects. The hardness profile shows a sudden increase of hardness at the interface, which is attributed to the migration of chromium from the SS. The tensile test results show that the bimetallic specimens failed at the LCS side, as LCS has lower strength of the materials used. Originality/value The microstructural features and mechanical properties are studied in-depth with special emphasis on the bimetallic interface.

Wire arc additive manufacturing of thin-wall low-carbon steel parts: Microstructure and mechanical properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (22n24) ◽  
pp. 2040154
Author(s):  
Van Thao Le ◽  
Tien Long Banh ◽  
Duc Toan Nguyen ◽  
Van Tao Le
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Heat Input ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
High Deposition Rate ◽  
Thin Wall ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) has received much attention for manufacturing metal parts with medium and large dimensions because of its high deposition rate and low production costs. In this study, the effects of the heat input on the microstructure formation of thin-wall low-carbon steel parts built by a WAAM process were addressed. The mechanical properties of built materials were also studied. The results indicate that the heat input significantly influences on the shape of built thin walls, but has slight effects on the microstructure evolution of built materials. The WAAM thin-wall low-carbon steel presents suitable microstructures and good tensile strengths (YS: 320 – 362 MPa, UTS: 429 – 479 MPa) that are adequate with industrial applications.

Development of near homogeneous properties in wire arc additive manufacturing process for near-net shaped structural component of low-carbon steel

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440622110454
Author(s):  
Amrit Raj Paul ◽  
Manidipto Mukherjee ◽  
Manivannan Raja ◽  
Soumyajit Kundu ◽  
Avik Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Time Delay ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Structural Component ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Tensile Behaviour ◽  
Void Coalescence ◽  
Hardness Profile ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

Low-carbon steel is a common structural material, but additively manufactured structural component of this material is rare due to its inhomogeneous properties. In this article, the wire arc additive manufacturing method was used to achieve near homogeneous properties of a low-carbon steel structural component. The process heat input was optimised for the desired layer geometry, and then the optimal energy was applied with a time delay to deposit individual layers. The time delay was used to achieve cyclic heating and cooling treatment of deposited layers. The best possible robotic tool path movement with multi point arcing was further adopted in the study to achieve proper thermal distribution across the structural component. The microstructure of layers was dominated by quasi-polygonal ferrite morphology and pearlite precipitation, with little variation in quantity across the component. The hardness profile was almost consistent with the average hardness of ∼176.92 HV. The proof stress slightly increases with decrease in grain size and increase in ferrite/pearlite ratio, however, the overall tensile behaviour is homogeneous with average σ0.2, σu and ε% values of 427.78 MPa, 527.89 MPa and 22.31%, respectively. The quasi-ductile fracture was generally occurred due to void coalescence around larger inclusions. The overall analysis showed that more than 90% of homogeneity was achieved in microstructural and mechanical behaviour of the deposited component.

Effects of Dipping Pretreatment on the Flame Deposition of Carbon Nanostructure on the Low Carbon Steel Substrate

2013 ◽  
Vol 734-737 ◽  
pp. 2269-2272
Author(s):  
Hong Mei Zhu ◽  
Shu Mei Lei ◽  
Tong Chun Kuang
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Carbon Nanofibers ◽  
Carbon Nanoparticles ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Carbon Nanostructure ◽  
Flame Method

In this paper, a low carbon steel was used as the substrate to prepare the carbon nanostructural materials by the oxygen-acetylene flame method. The experimental results show that the composite products including nodular carbon nanoparticles and amorphous carbon were obtained on the substrate after a mechanical polishing pretreatment. Comparatively, the short tubular carbon nanofibers with the diameter of around 100 nm were deposited on the substrate pretreated by dipping in the concentrated nitric acid solution. The possible mechanism for the growth of such carbon nanofibers was discussed.

scholarly journals The Microstructure of Annealed Galfan Coating on Steel Substrate

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 517 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Żelechower ◽  
J. Kliś ◽  
E. Augustyn ◽  
J. Grzonka ◽  
D. Stróż ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Alloy Coating ◽  
Annealed Sample ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Interface Area ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Al Content

The Microstructure of AnnealedGalfanCoating on Steel SubstrateThe commercially availableGalfancoating containing 5-7wt.% of Al deposited on the low carbon steel substrate by hot dipping has been examined with respect to the microstructure of the coating/substrate interface area. The application of several experimental techniques (SEM/EDS, XRD, TEM/AEM/EDS/ED) allowed demonstrating the two-phase structure of the alloy coating in non-treated, commercially availableGalfansamples: Zn-rich pre-eutectoidηphase grains are surrounded by lamellar eutectics ofβ-Al andη-Zn. The transition layer between the alloy coating and steel substrate with the considerably higher Al content (SEM/EDS, TEM/EDS) has been found in both non-treated and annealed samples (600°C/5 minutes). Only the monoclinic FeAl3Znxphase however was revealed in the annealed sample (TEM/electron diffraction) remaining uncertain the presence of the orthorhombic Fe2Al5Znxphase, reported by several authors.

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