scholarly journals Canadians with Disabilities, Labour Market Challenges, and Employment Opportunities in the Social Economy

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Prince
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Social Economy ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Social Citizenship ◽  
Adults With Disabilities ◽  
Gainful Employment ◽  
Reform Agenda ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Personnes Handicapées ◽  
Social Economy Organizations

ABSTRACT This article examines the labour force participation of working-age adults with disabilities, and proposes nonprofits and community agencies as sites for employing disabled Canadians. It documents employment trends over the last 15 years and how they compare to those for people without disabilities. The employment reform agenda of the Canadian disability movement is outlined as two broad approaches: distributional improvements and structural innovations. Inclusive and gainful employment is regarded as an essential part of economic and social citizenship. The challenges of labour force participation for adults with disabilities are then related to recent reports on Canada’s aging population and to Harper government policies on employment for Canadians with disabilities. Finally, it explores applying a disability inclusion lens to the operations of social economy organizations. RÉSUMÉCet article porte sur la participation active des adultes en âge de travailler ayant des incapacités et propose la possibilité d'organismes sans but lucratif et des organismes communautaires comme un site d'emploi pour les Canadiens handicapés. Il documente les tendances de l'emploi au cours des 15 dernières années et comment ils se comparent aux personnes non handicapées. Le programme de réformes du travail du mouvement des personnes handicapées est décrite et approches de la réforme sont dites de diviser en deux grandes catégories : des améliorations et innovations structurelles. Travail rémunéré et inclusif est considéré comme une partie essentielle de la citoyenneté économique et sociale avec le préposé aux droits et responsabilités. Les défis de la participation de la population active pour les adultes ayant une déficience sont ensuite liés aux rapports publics récents sur la population vieillissante du Canada et aux décisions prises par le gouvernement conservateur Harper sur l'emploi pour les Canadiens ayant une déficience. Apprentissage politique et connaissances transfert peut se produire en appliquant une lentille d'inclusion des personnes handicapées aux activités des organisations d'économie sociale.

scholarly journals Female Labour Force Participation Rates in Rural Pakistan: Some Fundamental Explanations and Policy Implications

1987 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 687-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ghaffar Chaudhry ◽  
Zubeda Khan
Keyword(s):  
Labour Supply ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Participation Rates ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
Gainful Employment ◽  
Productive Activities ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Working Age Population

Labour supply is a key element in socio-economic development, and although the size, growth and composition of population have a strong bearing on its supply in an economy, the actual labour supply is a function of the labour force participation rate defined as the ratio of the population engaged in or seeking gainful employment to the working-age population. In Pakistan gainful employment means not only work for pay or profit but also unpaid help from family members, and the working-age population refers to the group of those aged 10 years or more. Although the use of labour force for computing participation rates has been criticised on the ground that it lays undue emphasis on market activities which have little relevance tb the less developed countries, particularly to the rural sector, (Standing 1978), it is nonetheless useful in studying household decisions regarding allocation of available time between productive and non-productive activities (Rees 1973). It is basically this division of labour between productive and non-productive activities that sheds light on the degree of development of an economy and, therefore, on the organization of factors of production (Yotopoulos 1986). The significance of rural participation rates, especially those of females, is noteworthy in this regard as there is a positive association between female productive work and the level of development achieved (Denti 1968). Female participation rates are also important for a proper understanding of the productive and reproductive roles of the population. As more than 70 percent of rural population depends on agriculture for its livelihood and rural females are nearly half of the total, their participation rates may be of critical importance in determining the rates of saving, investment and productivity in agriculture. It may also be noted that availability of labour in agriculture is also a function of the ready availability of female labour, especially for such operations as are performed exclusively by females, e.g. cotton picking.

scholarly journals Working‐age people with disability and labour force participation: Geographic variations in Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingsheng Zhou ◽  
Gwynnyth Llewellyn ◽  
Roger Stancliffe ◽  
Nicola Fortune
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Geographic Variations ◽  
People With Disability ◽  
Working Age

Arbeitskräftepotential und demografischer Wandel. Modellrechnungen für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland bis 2050

2008 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eckart Bomsdorf
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Demografischer Wandel ◽  
Demographic Changes ◽  
Working Population ◽  
Labour Force Participation Rate ◽  
Labour Participation ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Pension Age

AbstractThe debate concerning demographic changes in Germany is mostly lead by their implications to social security mechanisms. The development of the labour market is addressed in extended discussions only.This paper provides a draft of demographic changes in Germany up to the year 2050 and quantifies their impact on the potential labour force. The development of the population size and the number of people of working age is analysed and the dependency of these parameters on the components of the population is quantified by regression analysis. Finally, one possible future path for the working population is proposed. This is not only done with the given “status quo” assumptions in mind, but also with regard to changes in the labour force participation rate as well as to the already adopted increase of the legal retirement age (67 years).In addition, detailed results concerning possible future developments in the volume and proportion of people of working age in the population as well as the working population itself are provided. It is shown that the raise of the legal pension age as well as an increase in female labour participation can help to make up for negative demographic changes concerning the working population.

Labour force and unemployment in Arab countries: selected indicators

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabi El-Khoury
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Force Distribution ◽  
Participation Rates ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Employment Rates ◽  
Market Needs

This statistical file is concerned with the latest available data that might be useful in dealing with the issue of the labour force and unemployment in Arab countries and worldwide. Table 1 introduces data on the working-age populations, while Table 2 shows figures on the labour force participation rates. Table 3 provides statements on the percentage of children (between 5 and 14 years) who are working in Arab countries, while Table 4 presents figures on the labour force distribution by sector. Table 5 is concerned with data on the employment rates, while Table 6 presents data on labour distribution by level of education in selected Arab countries. Data on education outputs and labour market needs in selected Arab countries and on the perceptions of work and the labour market are shown in Tables 7 and 8 respectively.

scholarly journals Working-age life-courses in Finland: A comparison of the cohorts born 1945– 51 and 1961–67

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 8-23
Author(s):  
Kathrin Komp-Leukkunen
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Workforce Participation ◽  
Theoretical Terms ◽  
Raising Children ◽  
The Social ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Life Courses ◽  
And Gender

Life-courses are of central interest in the social sciences, describing how our lives progress from the cradle to the grave. This article studies working-age life-courses in Finland, considering how workforce participation, educational participation, childbearing patterns, and health trajectories develop during the ages 15 to 64. Moreover, it investigates cohort and gender differences in these life-courses. Multichannel sequence analyses and cluster analyses are carried out with life-history data from the Finnish NoWork dataset. Findings show that most life-courses combine workforce participation with raising children during working age, with patterns of non-employment or working only being less common. Gender differences decreased across cohorts, mainly due to increasing female labour force participation, and the number of childless individuals also increased. These findings raise concerns about a possible upcoming shortage in informal care provided to older people. In theoretical terms, the findings highlight that life-courses reflect the social-democratic welfare regime and that they become increasingly heterogeneous.

scholarly journals The Effect of Settlement Type on the Labour Force Participation of New Zealand Women

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen Souness ◽  
Philip S. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Male Partner ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Female Participation ◽  
Settlement Type ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Explicit Consideration ◽  
The Relationship

A key priority of the present government is to improve women’s participation in the workforce, That education, age and reproduction decisions all play an important role in female labour force participation is well documented, what is less well understood is the role played by the geographic context in which these decisions are made – the relationship between participation and place. The aim of this paper is to explore the way in which different types of settlement are associated with different levels of female participation in the labour force. Our findings reveal that place of residence does affect the propensity of women to engage in wage labour – over and above the standard human capital and demographic determinants. The findings are based on analyses of the 1996 census data of over one million New Zealand women of working age. We use the Statistics New Zealand reclassification of urban and rural locations to define settlement types. A unique feature of this study is the explicit consideration of the relationship between partnership, participation and place. We find that not only does the presence of a (male) partner have a strong and statistically significant influence on female participation by that its effect is also very sensitive in settlement type. Particularly interesting is the different effect partners have on female participation in small versus large urban settings.

scholarly journals Unpaid Caregiving and Labour Force Participation among Chinese Middle-aged Adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huamin Chai ◽  
Rui Fu ◽  
Peter C. Coyte
Keyword(s):  
Social Care ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Marginal Probability ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Prior Literature ◽  
Middle Aged Adults ◽  
Rule Out

Unpaid family caregivers must consider the economic trade-off between caregiving and paid employment. Prior literature has suggested labour force participation (LFP) to decline with caregiving intensity, but no study has evaluated this relationship by accounting for the presence of both kinks and discontinuities. Here we used respondents of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study baseline survey who were non-farming, of working-age (aged 45-60) and had a young grandchild and/or a parent/parent-in-law. For women and men separately, a caregiving threshold-adjusted probit model was used to assess the association between LFP and weekly unpaid caregiving hours. Instrumental variables were used to rule out the endogeneity of caregiving hours. Of the 3,718 respondents in the analysis, for men, LFP was significantly and inversely associated with caregiving that involved neither discontinuities nor kinks. For women, a kink was identified at the caregiving threshold of 8 hours per week such that before 8 hours, each caregiving hour was associated with an increase of 0.0257 in the marginal probability of LFP, but each hour thereafter was associated with a reduction of 0.0014 in the marginal probability of LFP. These results have implications for interventions that simultaneously advance policies of health, social care and labour force.

Length of Working Age of Males in Pakistan: 1973

1978 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Zeba A. Sathar
Keyword(s):  
School Attendance ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Attendance Rates ◽  
Participation Rates ◽  
Medical Facilities ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Working Age

The objective of this paper is to provide some estimates of the length of working life for males in Pakistan, using the more recently available data. The length of working life is defined as the average length of time for which a cohort can expect to remain in the labour force i.e. either actively employed or seeking employment. This measure is, determined by the levels of age-specific mortality of a hypothetical cohort and its levels of age-specific labour force participation. Therefore an improvement in mortality would tend to increase the length of economically active life and its deterioration would tend to shorten it. Other factors which influence the age-specific labour force participation and age-specific mortality rates are the indirect determinants of this measure. For example, improvements in health and medical facilities may reduce the incidence of premature retirements caused by physical ailments or disorders. Also, migration, nuptiality, fertility and school attendance rates may influence labour force participation rates and thereby affect the length of working life.

scholarly journals Reserves for Increasing the Participation of the Population in the Labour Force

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 114-140
Author(s):  
Evgenia N. Sindyashkina ◽  
Irina I. Mukhina
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Labour Force Participation Rate ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Working Age Population

In the conditions of long-continued reduction of the working-age population size in Russia, researchers and practitioners are in search for ways to compensate demographic losses. One of the ways is the increase the labour force participation rate for certain socio-demographic groups of the population. The article examines the reserves and opportunities for expanding the involvement of young people, older persons, women with underage children in the workforce.

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