scholarly journals Working-age life-courses in Finland: A comparison of the cohorts born 1945– 51 and 1961–67

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 8-23
Author(s):  
Kathrin Komp-Leukkunen
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Workforce Participation ◽  
Theoretical Terms ◽  
Raising Children ◽  
The Social ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Life Courses ◽  
And Gender

Life-courses are of central interest in the social sciences, describing how our lives progress from the cradle to the grave. This article studies working-age life-courses in Finland, considering how workforce participation, educational participation, childbearing patterns, and health trajectories develop during the ages 15 to 64. Moreover, it investigates cohort and gender differences in these life-courses. Multichannel sequence analyses and cluster analyses are carried out with life-history data from the Finnish NoWork dataset. Findings show that most life-courses combine workforce participation with raising children during working age, with patterns of non-employment or working only being less common. Gender differences decreased across cohorts, mainly due to increasing female labour force participation, and the number of childless individuals also increased. These findings raise concerns about a possible upcoming shortage in informal care provided to older people. In theoretical terms, the findings highlight that life-courses reflect the social-democratic welfare regime and that they become increasingly heterogeneous.

scholarly journals Child Poverty in Turkey

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Özlem Durgun
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Child Poverty ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Poor Children

Poverty is one of the biggest problems in developing countries. Poverty is general scarcity or the state of one who lacks a certain amount of material possessions or money. Poverty issue is examined on a sector and national levels. Addition it is examined in households and gender level in many countries. When these studies are examined, the most affected segments of poverty are women and children. In our study: The relationship between the woman poverty rates and female labour force participation rates were examined in Turkey. Poor children do not only occur in developing countries. In developed countries and in countries with high income levels, poor children are likely to occur. Adults’ poverty is possible to solve in time with employment, aids and donations. However, child poverty continues in the future. Unfortunately, aid to households are not enough. So the problem must be clearly demonstrated and implemented specific policies for children. Child is the social structure of the subject. Damage to children will be create a domino effect in the future. Consequently, it should be recognized and taken measures taken in advance.

Social Information and Gender Differences in Competitive Preferences

2021 ◽  
pp. 056943452110542
Author(s):  
Christopher Roby
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Social Information ◽  
Jel Codes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Addition Task ◽  
Payment Schemes ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Winner Take All ◽  
Take All

This is an exploratory study that examines the effect of social information on gender differences in selection into a winner-take-all tournament, using a simple addition task. Participants perform this task in multiple rounds and then select into a competitive or non-competitive pay scheme. Prior to choosing payment schemes, participants are shown selected results about average performance and choices in a similar experiment. I find that the inclusion of social information eliminates any extant gender gap in competitive choices in every treatment. The reduction in the gender gap is not due to greater efficiency of choices by men or women, even though inefficient choices by low-performing individuals are mostly eliminated. Rather, the inclusion of feedback causes men and women to select into a competitive pay scheme in a similar manner, thereby removing the gender gap. Despite these results, the complexity of the social information intervention used leaves some results unexplained. JEL Codes: C9, J2, J16.

The core vital values and requirements defining quality of life of country people are more senior than working-age of the Kaliningrad region

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Yu.V. Mikhaylova ◽  
◽  
I. B. Shikina ◽  
T. A. Siburina ◽  
I.Yu. Chukhrienko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Social ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Kaliningrad Region ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Country People

Article is devoted to studying specific needs of persons also their interests affecting quality of their life are more senior than working-age. The purpose of work is to reveal the core vital values and requirements defining quality of life of country people is more senior than working-age of the Kaliningrad region. Within the project of Partnership “Northern measurement” in the field of health care and social wellbeing in 2019 the social research among 211 villagers aged from 60 up to 88 years is conducted. Methods of carrying out work: sociological, analytical, mathematical statistics. Distribution of age and gender structure of the interviewed population reflects universal trends. Social and demographic and medico-social characteristics of country people are studied. Results of a research showed that the quality of life of persons is more senior than working-age most is defined by priority vital values and requirements: state of health and level of material welfare; loneliness; difficulties in use of digital technologies; the disrespect shown from youth i.e. quite objective reasons which solution generally depends on the state measures for support of the senior generation. Significant first 10 vital values at elderly people during the different periods of time are tracked.

scholarly journals Working‐age people with disability and labour force participation: Geographic variations in Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingsheng Zhou ◽  
Gwynnyth Llewellyn ◽  
Roger Stancliffe ◽  
Nicola Fortune
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Geographic Variations ◽  
People With Disability ◽  
Working Age

Arbeitskräftepotential und demografischer Wandel. Modellrechnungen für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland bis 2050

2008 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eckart Bomsdorf
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Demografischer Wandel ◽  
Demographic Changes ◽  
Working Population ◽  
Labour Force Participation Rate ◽  
Labour Participation ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Pension Age

AbstractThe debate concerning demographic changes in Germany is mostly lead by their implications to social security mechanisms. The development of the labour market is addressed in extended discussions only.This paper provides a draft of demographic changes in Germany up to the year 2050 and quantifies their impact on the potential labour force. The development of the population size and the number of people of working age is analysed and the dependency of these parameters on the components of the population is quantified by regression analysis. Finally, one possible future path for the working population is proposed. This is not only done with the given “status quo” assumptions in mind, but also with regard to changes in the labour force participation rate as well as to the already adopted increase of the legal retirement age (67 years).In addition, detailed results concerning possible future developments in the volume and proportion of people of working age in the population as well as the working population itself are provided. It is shown that the raise of the legal pension age as well as an increase in female labour participation can help to make up for negative demographic changes concerning the working population.

Labour force and unemployment in Arab countries: selected indicators

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabi El-Khoury
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Force Distribution ◽  
Participation Rates ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Employment Rates ◽  
Market Needs

This statistical file is concerned with the latest available data that might be useful in dealing with the issue of the labour force and unemployment in Arab countries and worldwide. Table 1 introduces data on the working-age populations, while Table 2 shows figures on the labour force participation rates. Table 3 provides statements on the percentage of children (between 5 and 14 years) who are working in Arab countries, while Table 4 presents figures on the labour force distribution by sector. Table 5 is concerned with data on the employment rates, while Table 6 presents data on labour distribution by level of education in selected Arab countries. Data on education outputs and labour market needs in selected Arab countries and on the perceptions of work and the labour market are shown in Tables 7 and 8 respectively.

Age and gender differences in social anxiety symptoms during adolescence: The Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) as a measure

2007 ◽  
Vol 153 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Ranta ◽  
Riittakerttu Kaltiala-Heino ◽  
Anna-Maija Koivisto ◽  
Martti T. Tuomisto ◽  
Mirjami Pelkonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Social Phobia ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
The Social ◽  
Age And Gender Differences ◽  
And Gender

scholarly journals Applicability of Becker’s theory of allocation of time in modelling married women’s allocation of time between household duties and labour force participation in Zimbabwe

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clapton Munongerwa
Keyword(s):  
Time Allocation ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Household Roles ◽  
Income Effects ◽  
Allocation Of Time ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The One

With the rise in women participation in labour force and gender equality campaigns on the one hand and cultural norms which characterise women as house makers on the other, most married women often find themselves in a dilemma as to how to allocate their time among competing needs. This paper used a theoretical approach in reviewing the applicability of the proposals of Becker’s allocation of time theory to the married women’s allocation of time between household duties and labour force participation to the Zimbabwean situation.  It was concluded that though the model ignores the cultural norms of assigning household roles to specific gender, it explained to a greater extent the trends observed in which women spend more time in household chores to which they have a comparative advantage as opposed to their male counterparts. The substitution and income effects explained in this model are also applicable to the preferences and patterns of time allocation by married when faced with a change in wages. 

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