Sustainable Management of Soil for Carbon Sequestration

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kewat Sanjay Kumar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Carbon Pools ◽  
Carbon Stabilization ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soil Ecosystems ◽  
C Stocks

Mechanisms governing carbon stabilization in soils have received a great deal of attention in recent years due to their relevance in the global carbon cycle. Two thirds of the global terrestrial organic C stocks in ecosystems are stored in below ground components as terrestrial carbon pools in soils. Furthermore, mean residence time of soil organic carbon pools have slowest turnover rates in terrestrial ecosystems and thus there is vast potential to sequester atmospheric CO2 in soil ecosystems. Depending upon soil management practices it can be served as source or sink for atmospheric CO2. Sustainable management systems and practices such as conservation agriculture, agroforestry and application of biochar are emerging and promising tools for soil carbon sequestration. Increasing soil carbon storage in a system simultaneously improves the soil health by increase in infiltration rate, soil biota and fertility, nutrient cycling and decrease in soil erosion process, soil compaction and C emissions. Henceforth, it is vital to scientifically explore the mechanisms governing C flux in soils which is poorly understood in different ecosystems under anthropogenic interventions making soil as a potential sink for atmospheric CO2 to mitigate climate change. Henceforth, present paper aims to review basic mechanism governing carbon stabilization in soils and new practices and technological developments in agricultural and forest sciences for C sequestration in terrestrial soil ecosystems.

scholarly journals Changes in Soil Carbon Sequestration during Woody Plant Encroachment in Arid Ecosystems

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 266-276
Author(s):  
Pratap Naikwade
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Mitigation ◽  
Arid Ecosystems ◽  
Woody Encroachment ◽  
Organic C

Carbon sequestration is one of the most important and highly recommended measures for mitigating climate change. Soil organic carbon (SOC) has potential to sequester the largest amount of carbon (C) for the longest time period in the midst of the organic C sinks in terrestrial ecosystems of the earth. In recent years, apprehension of the role of soils as sink for carbon on a wide-ranging scale has become dynamic. From last 150 years, encroachment of trees and shrubs into grasslands and the ‘thicketization’ of savannas have been reported and is a global phenomenon. One possibly beneficial effect could be that the shrub and tree-dominated ecosystems will sequester more carbon and will be a buffer for elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels. The question of what is impact of woody encroachment on soil carbon balance of an ecosystem has proved difficult to answer, and the results remain debatable. The magnitude and pattern of changes in the SOC with woody encroachment are exceedingly abstruse and varies from significant increases, to significant decreases to no net change in SOC. Impact of wood plant encroachment on carbon sequestration is discussed in this paper considering various studies with different results so it will lead to better understanding of the complex phenomenon. SOC sequestration is effective greenhouse gas mitigation strategy and a vital ecosystem service. Increasing SOC may helpful to mitigate negative effects of growing concentration of CO2 in atmosphere and may be advantageous in decelerating or reversal in global climate change rate.

POTENTIAL NITROGEN CONSTRAINTS ON SOIL CARBON SEQUESTRATION UNDER LOW AND ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2

Ecology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Gill ◽  
Laurel J. Anderson ◽  
H. Wayne Polley ◽  
Hyrum B. Johnson ◽  
Robert B. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Soil Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Elevated Atmospheric Co2

Soil carbon sequestration in a pine forest after 9 years of atmospheric CO2 enrichment

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 2910-2922 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN LICHTER ◽  
SHARON A. BILLINGS ◽  
SUSAN E. ZIEGLER ◽  
DEEYA GAINDH ◽  
REBECCA RYALS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Pine Forest ◽  
Soil Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Atmospheric Co2

scholarly journals Influence of tillage practice on carbon sequestration is scale-dependent

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
D W Bergstrom ◽  
C M Monreal ◽  
E. St. Jacques
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Slope Position ◽  
Soil Series ◽  
Tillage Practice ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Heterogeneous Soils ◽  
Lower Slope

While the influence of management practices on soil organic C (OC) concentration and mass has been evaluated for the surface layer of small plots of homogeneous soils, there are few studies at a scale inclusive of the entire solum and heterogeneous soils. The objective of this study was to test for an interaction between tillage practice [no-till (NT) vs. conventional tillage (CT) by chisel-plow] and topography as determinants of OC stocks in the entire solum and layers thereof at a field-scale. Adjacent fields of contrasting tillage practice were stratified by soil series and drainage class for comparison. The effect of tillage practice on OC mass was contingent on slope position and sampling depth, i.e., scale-dependent. There was more OC in the surface layer (0–8 cm) of the A horizon of the NT than the CT field at well-drained upper slope positions, but not at imperfectly drained lower slope positions. At lower slope positions there was more OC in the entire A horizon of the CT than the NT field. Results of small-plot studies with homogeneous soils cannot be extrapolated arbitrarily to larger scales. Rather, assessments at larger scales that encompass heterogeneous soils are required. Key words: Carbon sequestration, soil series, tillage, topography

scholarly journals Vinasse application and cessation of burning in sugarcane management can have positive impact on soil carbon stocks

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caio F. Zani ◽  
Arlete S. Barneze ◽  
Andy D. Robertson ◽  
Aidan M. Keith ◽  
Carlos E.P. Cerri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Bioenergy Crops ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Sequestration Potential ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Management Changes

Bioenergy crops, such as sugarcane, have the potential to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions through fossil fuel substitution. However, increased sugarcane propagation and recent management changes have raised concerns that these practices may deplete soil carbon (C) stocks, thereby limiting the net greenhouse gas benefit. In this study, we use both a measured and modelled approach to evaluate the impacts of two common sugarcane management practices on soil C sequestration potential in Brazil. We explore how transitions from conventional (mineral fertiliser/burning) to improved (vinasse application/unburned) practices influence soil C stocks in total and in physically fractionated soil down to one metre. Results suggest that vinasse application leads to an accumulation of soil C of 0.55 Mg ha−1yr−1 at 0–30 cm depth and applying unburned management led to gains of ∼0.7 Mg ha−1yr−1 at 30–60 cm depth. Soil C concentration in the Silt+Clay fraction of topsoil (0–20 cm) showed higher C content in unburned management but it did not differ under vinasse application. The CENTURY model was used to simulate the consequences of management changes beyond the temporal extent of the measurements. Simulations indicated that vinasse was not the key factor driving increases in soil C stocks but its application may be the most readily available practice to prevent the soil C losses under burned management. Furthermore, cessation of burning may increase topsoil C by 40% after ∼50 years. These are the first data comparing different sugarcane management transitions within a single area. Our findings indicate that both vinasse application and the cessation of burning can play an important role in reducing the time required for sugarcane ethanol production to reach a net C benefit (payback time).

scholarly journals Changes In Soil Properties Across A Hydrological Gradient In Saladas From Northeast Spain: Implications For Soil Carbon Stocks, CO2 Efflux And Microbial Communities In A Warming World.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Thomas ◽  
Stephen Tooth ◽  
S. Lan ◽  
Thomas Holt ◽  
Ian Saunders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
Organic C ◽  
C Cycle ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Warming World

Abstract Numerous permanent and temporary wetlands occur throughout the world’s drylands. Although characterised by diverse hydroperiods, these wetlands in drylands are typically hotspots of biological activity and productivity. The healthy functioning and possibly even existence of many wetlands in drylands, however, is threatened by desiccation resulting from a combination of climate change and human disturbance. Near Alcañiz in arid northeast Spain, three adjacent saladas (playas) with contrasting hydroperiods provide an opportunity to investigate how moisture availability affects their soil carbon (C) stocks, CO2 efflux, and microbial communities. Frequent inundation and/or near-permanent soil saturation supports the generation of organic C from a range of different sources. Soil inorganic C was greatest on the driest salada (3.8 %) compared to the wetter saladas (3.0 % and 2.1 %) owing to evaporative concentration and the reaction of CO2 with available Ca2+, Mg2+ and Na+ ions. CO2 efflux was greatest at intermediate moisture levels (142 mg CO2 m-2 hr-1), but the spatial and temporal variability in CO2 efflux on salada surfaces is very high, demonstrating the need for intensive sampling regimes to provide realistic estimates of their contribution to atmospheric CO2 exchanges. Different microbial community structures also characterise each salada. The saladas near Alcañiz, and many other similar features in northeast Spain, are renowned for their rare and threatened flora and fauna, yet their soil C cycle characteristics and soil microbial communities provide additional reasons to monitor the impacts of climate change and protect these vulnerable environments from further anthropogenic disturbances.

scholarly journals Impacts of poplar and alder on soil carbon in pasture-tree systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 197-202
Author(s):  
G.B. Douglas ◽  
R.E. Vibart ◽  
A.D. Mackay ◽  
M.B. Dodd ◽  
I.R. Mcivor
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Open Systems ◽  
Ghg Mitigation ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
C Storage ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Significant Difference

Wide-spaced trees on pastoral land (pasture-tree (PT) systems) are a widespread feature of many farmed landscapes. They offer the potential to increase carbon (C) storage, with implications for reducing atmospheric CO2-C. The effect of PT systems on soil C stocks to 1 m depth was determined for trees aged 14-16 years at densities of 73-111 stems per hectare at four North Island sites (two with poplar, two with alder). Across sites, mean soil C concentration was 1.9-8.5% and mean total soil C mass was 120-455 tonnes C/ha. For alder systems, total C mass of PT was 37% less than adjacent pasture (Open) at Poukawa (120 versus 189 tonnes C/ha), whereas at Ruakura, there was no significant difference between systems. Total C mass of PT systems involving poplar did not vary significantly from adjacent Open systems at Tikokino (328 versus 352 tonnes C/ha) and Woodville (154 versus 202 tonnes C/ha). Soil at 0.3-1.0 m depth comprised up to half of total C mass. Results suggested that poplar and alder had different effects on soil C. Keywords: pastoral hill country, wide-spaced trees, carbon sequestration, greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation

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