scholarly journals Recognition of Sex-Role Stereotypes in Prime-Time Television

1984 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-43
Author(s):  
Paula M. Popovich ◽  
Eliot J. Butter
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Prime Time ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
College Age ◽  
Sex Role Stereotypes ◽  
Television Characters

While traditional television characters have typically been portrayed as sex-stereotyped, recently, more unstereotyped characters have been introduced into programming. We proposed that college-age participants, when presented with prime-time characters that have been prerated as examples of stereotyped and unstereotyped portrayals, would perceive the differential stereotypes as represented by ratings of sex-typed traits. Attractiveness and liking ratings were also taken for each of the characters, and sex differences in all of these ratings were explored. Results showed that male and female television characters were rated at the male and female extremes of the scale. Means for the unstereotyped characters were between the masculine and feminine extremes of the stereotyped character means. There was a significant sex of rater × trait interaction, whereby female participants rated the characters as more feminine on the female-valued traits than did male participants. Unstereotyped characters were considered more attractive and more liked than stereotyped characters. Implications for modeling of television characters are discussed.

Sex Role Stereotyping and Sex Role Norms: A Comparison of Elementary and College Age Students

1981 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karma K. Hensley ◽  
Marilyn A. Borges
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
College Freshmen ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Third Graders ◽  
Occupational Choices ◽  
College Age ◽  
Sex Role Stereotyping ◽  
Sex Role Stereotypes ◽  
Role Norms ◽  
The Relationship

An examination of sex-role stereotyping and its relation to sex-role norms was undertaken in this experiment. Subjects were 48 second and third graders and 48 college freshmen who each rated descriptions of sex-stereotypical behavior and sex-role reversals. Both groups also rated sex-typed “male,” “female,” and “neutral” occupations and indicated if the mother was employed. Results indicated that children stereotyped in behavioral descriptions and occupational choices to a greater extent than did college students. Children whose mothers were employed were more stereotyped in occupational choices than children with non-working mothers. College students evidenced a very low rate of stereotyping in behavioral descriptions which indicated that the relationship between sex-role stereotypes and sex-role norms was negligible for college students but was evident for children.

Male and Female Stewards' Grievance Behavior: Congruity with Sex-Role Stereotypes

1982 ◽  
Vol 50 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1119-1125 ◽  
Author(s):  
William D. Todor ◽  
Dan R. Dalton
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Sex Role Stereotypes

The union steward, a critical actor in the grievance process, has been virtually overlooked in empirical research. Specifically, while effects of sex in the workplace have been documented, these effects in union stewards remain unexplored. This research indicates significant differences in the number of grievances filed, frequency of informally resolving grievances with supervision, and frequency of counseling potential grievants not to file between 35 male and 21 female union stewards. Implications are offered for theorists and practitioners alike.

Sex Differences in Dream Recall and Components of Imaginal Life

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 643-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond F. Martinetti
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Dream Recall ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
Life Orientation ◽  
Sex Role Stereotypes ◽  
Waking And Sleep ◽  
Attitudinal Factors ◽  
Sleep Sex

The Cognitive Processes Survey was presented and described in terms of standardization data and factor analysis. The instrument was used to assess sex differences in dream recall as a function of degree of imaginal life, orientation toward imaginal life, degree of suppression of feelings and number of dreams recalled weekly. Using a sample of 45 men and 45 women matched on age, family income, and grade point average in college, t tests indicated that women scored higher than men in all categories except suppression of feelings on which there was no difference. Point biserial correlations showed a similar pattern of significance. The findings support the hypothesis that there is continuity of some imaginal processes between waking and sleep. Sex differences on the variables tested were attributed to cultural and attitudinal factors. It was predicted that as sex-role stereotypes diminish, there should be a concomitant decrease in sex differences in dream recall and imaginal processes.

Breaking the Fourth Wall and Sex Role Stereotypes: An Examination of the 2006–2007 Prime-Time Season

Sex Roles ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 60 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 379-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha M. Lauzen ◽  
Douglas M. Deiss
Keyword(s):  
Sex Role ◽  
Prime Time ◽  
Sex Role Stereotypes

Teachers' Evaluations of Creative Work by Children: Sexism in Australia

1981 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 439-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Andrew Ellerman ◽  
Cathleen M. Dowling ◽  
Melinda L. Hinschen ◽  
James E. Kemp ◽  
Leeanne K. White
Keyword(s):  
Sex Role ◽  
Creative Work ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Teachers ◽  
Sex Role Stereotypes ◽  
Teacher Trainees

A study was conducted to determine whether teachers would exhibit the same prejudice against girls as that obtained in some studies of adults' prejudice against women. Paintings and poems by children were shown to 274 teachers and teacher-trainees. The works were supposedly either winners or losers in the competition for which they had entered and were attributed to either boys or girls. Results indicate that both male and female teachers utilized the same pattern of evaluations. No simple anti-feminine bias was found; instead the works of girls were rated more favourably than those of boys for one of the five measures used. Consistent differences involving the manipulation of sex of child with winner/loser outcome emerged. Winning boys were judged more favourably than girls, while the opposite was true for losers. It was suggested that teachers were influenced by sex-role stereotypes in subtle ways in evaluating children's achievements.

Sex-Role Stereotypes, Models' Race, and Imitation

1977 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 875-885
Author(s):  
Mary B. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Sex Role ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Consumer Survey ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Sex Role Stereotypes ◽  
Model Control ◽  
Model Control Group ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Male Model ◽  
Black Models

To determine how sex-role stereotypes mediate the influence of a model, 136 male and female shoppers heard a male or female, black or white model, who was identified as a nurse or television repairman, make unrealistically high estimates of the prices of objects, supposedly for a consumer survey. The objects, some of which were sex-stereotyped, were a bottle opener, pliers, thermometer, football magazine, and recipe holder. When subjects were asked to estimate prices, a larger modeling effect than in a no-model control group was found, and black models were imitated less than white models. Estimates of the nurse for the thermometer, of the female model for the recipe holder, and of the male model for the pliers tended to be imitated more, and female subjects imitated price estimates for the pliers more than did males. There was also a tendency for the price guesses of male models to be remembered better. The results suggested that imitation by adults in this situation was mediated not so much by gender per se as by the subject's expectations of the model's knowledge of the specific behaviors to be imitated.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document