scholarly journals Dietary Restriction: A Major Factor in Prophylaxis against Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 126-129
Author(s):  
Kamel El-Reshaid ◽  
Shaikha Al-Bader
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Renal Stones ◽  
High Water ◽  
Metabolic Derangement ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis ◽  
Urinary Tract Stones ◽  
High Water Intake

Urolithiasis (Ur) Is A Worldwide Problem That Affects All Groups Of Ages.  Nearly 80% Of Renal Stones Are Calcium Oxalate (Cao) And 50% Of The Affected Patients Have Recurrent Disease Within 10 Years.  Our Prospective Study Was Conducted Over 4 And ½ Years And Evaluated The Role Of Dietary Manipulation In Prophylaxis Against Cao Ur.  A Total Of 212 Patients With Recurrent Cao Ur, Who Lacked Anatomical Or Metabolic Derangement, Were Subjected To A Practical And Specific Diet.  The Latter Had: (A) Low Salt, Red-Meat And Green Leafy Vegetable, (B) Moderate Amounts Of Milk, Dairy Products, Poultry And Certain Fish-Items, And (C) High Water Intake (2 Liters/Day).  A Total Of 66/70 (96%), 87/108(88%) And 146/167(87.4%) Patients Were Stone-Free By The End Of 1, 2 And 3 Years Of Follow Up.  The Median Time For Stone-Free Duration Was 33 (28.7-37.3) Months.  Adding A Thiazide And Allopurinol To The 19 Patients Who Had Failed Dietary Prophylaxis Prevented Stone Formation In 16 More Patients Leaving Only 3 True Failures.  Four Patients Could Not Tolerate The Latter 2 Drugs For Allergy.  In Conclusion; Our Practical Dietary Modification Can Aid In Prophylaxis Against Cao Ur.    Keywords: Diet, Calcium Oxalate, Urolithiasis, Urinary Tract Stones, Prophylaxis

scholarly journals Recent advances in understanding and managing urolithiasis

F1000Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 2651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter L. Strohmaier
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Preliminary Information ◽  
Stone Prevention ◽  
Urine Biochemistry ◽  
The Cost

During the last few years, there has been relevant progress in both understanding and managing urolithiasis. Our knowledge of stone formation has changed; although the importance of urine biochemistry was questioned by several investigators years ago, the decisive role of cellular processes (induced by oxidative stress) and the renal papilla has only recently been generally accepted as the most important step in stone formation. For calcium oxalate urolithiasis, the formation of papillary calcifications plays a key role and is of prognostic relevance. Further research has to concentrate on these aspects of preventing urolithiasis. Stone prevention (metaphylaxis) is a major issue when considering the burden it places on healthcare systems. An effective metaphylaxis could lower the cost of stone therapy significantly. For uric acid urolithiasis, so far there is only preliminary information available showing that papillary plaques are not as important as they are in calcium oxalate urolithiasis. Concerning stone management, endourology has improved stone therapy significantly during the last few years. Morbidity decreased and success (stone-free) rates increased. Therefore, the indications for extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) narrowed. ESWL, however, still has its place in stone therapy. There is not one single treatment modality that is equally effective for all situations. It is important to observe the differential indications for different stones depending on size, localization, and composition.

Molecular modulation of calcium oxalate crystallization

2006 ◽  
Vol 291 (6) ◽  
pp. F1123-F1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. De Yoreo ◽  
S. Roger Qiu ◽  
John R. Hoyer
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Modeling ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Specific Interactions ◽  
Crystal Surfaces ◽  
Site Specific

Calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) is the primary constituent of the majority of renal stones. Osteopontin (OPN), an aspartic acid-rich urinary protein, and citrate, a much smaller molecule, are potent inhibitors of COM crystallization at levels present in normal urine. Current concepts of the role of site-specific interactions in crystallization derived from studies of biomineralization are reviewed to provide a context for understanding modulation of COM growth at a molecular level. Results from in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) analyses of the effects of citrate and OPN on growth verified the critical role of site-specific interactions between these growth modulators and individual steps on COM crystal surfaces. Molecular modeling investigations of interactions of citrate with steps and faces on COM crystal surfaces provided links between the stereochemistry of interaction and the binding energy levels that underlie mechanisms of growth modification and changes in overall crystal morphology. The combination of in situ AFM and molecular modeling provides new knowledge that will aid rationale design of therapeutic agents for inhibition of stone formation.

scholarly journals Body size and risk of kidney stones.

1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1645-1652
Author(s):  
G C Curhan ◽  
W C Willett ◽  
E B Rimm ◽  
F E Speizer ◽  
M J Stampfer
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Kidney Stone Formation ◽  
Risk Of Stone Formation

A variety of factors influence the formation of calcium oxalate kidney stones, including gender, diet, and urinary excretion of calcium, oxalate, and uric acid. Several of these factors may be related to body size. Because men on average have a larger body size and a threefold higher lifetime risk of stone formation than women, body size may be an important risk factor for calcium oxalate stone formation. The association between body size (height, weight, and body mass index) and the risk of kidney stone formation was studied in two large cohorts: the Nurses' Health Study (NHS; n = 89,376 women) and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS; n = 51,529 men). Information on body size, kidney stone formation, and other exposures of interest was obtained by mailed questionnaires. A total of 1078 incident cases of kidney stones in NHS during 14 yr of follow-up and a total of 956 cases in HPFS during 8 yr of follow-up were confirmed. In both cohorts, the prevalence of a stone disease history and the incidence of stone disease were directly associated with weight and body mass index. However, the magnitude of the associations was consistently greater among women. Specifically, the age-adjusted prevalence odds ratio for women with body mass index > or = 32 kg/m2 compared with 21 to 22.9 kg/m2 was 1.76 (95% confidence interval, 1.50 to 2.07), but 1.38 (95% confidence interval, 1.16 to 1.65) for the same comparison in men. For incident stone formation, the multivariate relative risks for the similar comparisons were 1.89 (1.51 to 2.36) for women and 1.19 (0.83 to 1.70) in men. Height was inversely associated with the prevalence of stone disease but was not associated with incident stone formation. These results suggest that body size is associated with the risk of stone formation and that the magnitude of risk varies by gender. Additional studies are necessary to determine whether a reduction in body weight decreases the risk of stone formation, particularly in women.

Evaluation of the Risk of Stone Formation: Study on Crystalluria in Patients with Recurrent Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis

1996 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 456-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxime Robert ◽  
Anne-Marie Boularan ◽  
Olivier Delbos ◽  
Louis Monnier ◽  
Daniel Grasset
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis ◽  
Risk Of Stone Formation
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