scholarly journals Body size and risk of kidney stones.

1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1645-1652
Author(s):  
G C Curhan ◽  
W C Willett ◽  
E B Rimm ◽  
F E Speizer ◽  
M J Stampfer
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Kidney Stone Formation ◽  
Risk Of Stone Formation

A variety of factors influence the formation of calcium oxalate kidney stones, including gender, diet, and urinary excretion of calcium, oxalate, and uric acid. Several of these factors may be related to body size. Because men on average have a larger body size and a threefold higher lifetime risk of stone formation than women, body size may be an important risk factor for calcium oxalate stone formation. The association between body size (height, weight, and body mass index) and the risk of kidney stone formation was studied in two large cohorts: the Nurses' Health Study (NHS; n = 89,376 women) and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS; n = 51,529 men). Information on body size, kidney stone formation, and other exposures of interest was obtained by mailed questionnaires. A total of 1078 incident cases of kidney stones in NHS during 14 yr of follow-up and a total of 956 cases in HPFS during 8 yr of follow-up were confirmed. In both cohorts, the prevalence of a stone disease history and the incidence of stone disease were directly associated with weight and body mass index. However, the magnitude of the associations was consistently greater among women. Specifically, the age-adjusted prevalence odds ratio for women with body mass index > or = 32 kg/m2 compared with 21 to 22.9 kg/m2 was 1.76 (95% confidence interval, 1.50 to 2.07), but 1.38 (95% confidence interval, 1.16 to 1.65) for the same comparison in men. For incident stone formation, the multivariate relative risks for the similar comparisons were 1.89 (1.51 to 2.36) for women and 1.19 (0.83 to 1.70) in men. Height was inversely associated with the prevalence of stone disease but was not associated with incident stone formation. These results suggest that body size is associated with the risk of stone formation and that the magnitude of risk varies by gender. Additional studies are necessary to determine whether a reduction in body weight decreases the risk of stone formation, particularly in women.

scholarly journals Family history and risk of kidney stones.

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1568-1573
Author(s):  
G C Curhan ◽  
W C Willett ◽  
E B Rimm ◽  
M J Stampfer
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Dietary Calcium ◽  
Dietary Calcium Intake ◽  
History Of ◽  
Kidney Stone Formation ◽  
Risk Of Stone Formation

Kidney stones develop more frequently in individuals with a family history of kidney stones than in those without a family history; however, little information is available regarding whether the increased risk is attributable to genetic factors, environmental exposures, or some combination. In this report, the relation between family history and risk of kidney stone formation was studied in a cohort of 37,999 male participants in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Information on family history, kidney stone formation, and other exposures of interest, including dietary intake, was obtained by mailed questionnaires. A family history of kidney stones was much more common in men with a personal history of stones at baseline in 1986 than in those without a history of stones (age-adjusted prevalence odds ratio, 3.16; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.90 to 3.45). During 8 yr of follow-up, 795 incident cases of stones were documented. After adjusting for a variety of risk factors, the relative risk of incident stone formation in men with a positive family history, compared with those without, was 2.57 (95% CI, 2.19 to 3.02). Family history did not modify the inverse association between dietary calcium intake and the risk of stone formation. These results suggest that a family history of kidney stones substantially increases the risk of stone formation. In addition, these data suggest that dietary calcium restriction may increase the risk of stone formation, even among individuals with a family history of kidney stones.

scholarly journals P0175DETERMINANTS OF RENAL PAPILLARY APPEARANCE IN RENAL STONE FORMERS: AN IN-DEPTH EXAMINATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Bargagli ◽  
Rossella De Leonardis ◽  
Mauro Ragonese ◽  
Angelo Totaro ◽  
Francesco Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Stone Composition ◽  
Stone Recurrence ◽  
Stone Formers

Abstract Background and Aims Nephrolithiasis is a medical condition characterized by high prevalence among the general population both in Europe and in the U.S. and it is responsible for high costs reaching up to $10 billion per year. It is associated with specific comorbidities such as obesity, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease. Kidney stones development is believed to start either from Randall’s plaques or from stone plugs. Both these lesions can be seen on renal papillary surfaces, but what promotes the formation of plaques and plugs is not entirely understood. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between the urinary metabolic milieu and a published endoscopic papillary evaluation score (PPLA). We also evaluated the correlation of PPLA score with kidney stone recurrence during follow-up. Method We prospectively enrolled 31 stone forming patients who undergone retrograde intrarenal surgery procedures. Visual inspection of the accessible renal papillae was performed in order to calculate the PPLA score based on the appearance of ductal plugging, surface pitting, loss of papillary contour and Randall’s plaque extension. Demographic information, blood samples, 24h urine collections and kidney stone events during follow-up were collected. Stone composition was analyzed using infrared-spectroscopy. Relative urinary supersaturations (RSS) for calcium oxalate (CaOx), calcium phosphate (CaPi) and uric acid (UA) were calculated using the Equil2 software. PPLA score > 3 was defined as high. Results Median follow-up period was 11 (min/max 5, 34) months. PPLA score was inversely correlated with BMI (rho = −0.39, p = 0.035) and history of recurrent kidney stones (median PPLA 5.0 vs 2.5, p = 0.029), these results were confirmed when PPLA was considered as a categorical variable (median BMI 27 vs 24, recurrent stone disease 12 vs 62%, p= 0.006). Furthermore, high PPLA score was associated with lower odds of new kidney stone events during follow-up (OR 0.154, 95% confidence interval 0.024, 0.998, p = 0.05). No significant correlations were found between PPLA score, stone composition, blood parameters, 24h urine solute excretions and RSS for CaOx, CaPi and UA. Conclusion Different papillary abnormalities seem to be linked to specific mechanisms of stone formation. Although data regarding PPLA score are inconsistent, it may be a valid asset for both medical and surgical management of nephrolithiasis. Larger, long-term prospective clinical studies need to be conducted to assess the validity of PPLA score system in evaluating risk of stone recurrence.

Follow-Up of Drug Therapy Efficacy to Prevent Recurrence of Calcium Oxalate Kidney Stone Formation

1983 ◽  
Vol 129 (6) ◽  
pp. 1258-1261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Sarig ◽  
Nissim Garti ◽  
Reuven Azoury ◽  
Saul Perlberg ◽  
Yohanan Wax
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Therapy Efficacy ◽  
Kidney Stone Formation

Body Size Measures and the Risk of Venous Thrombosis: The Longitudinal Investigation of Thromboembolism Etiology (LITE).

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 1626-1626
Author(s):  
Mary Cushman ◽  
Ellen O’Meara ◽  
Aaron R. Folsom ◽  
Susan R. Heckbert ◽  
Neil Zakai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Diabetes Status ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background: Obesity is associated with an increased risk of venous thrombosis (VT), however little is known about which components of obesity are important. Proposed hypotheses include an association of adipocyte products with hemostatic imbalance, increased body or leg size impairing venous return, increased inflammation, and differences in venous vessel walls in obese persons. We studied the associations of measures of body size and composition with risk of VT in the LITE study. Methods: The LITE is a prospective study evaluating VT risk factors in 21,680 participants aged 45–100, in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study and the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS). Baseline body size measures were obtained using standardized methods and bioelectric impedance was used to calculate fat and fat-free mass in CHS participants. 729 participants reporting prebaseline VT or baseline warfarin use were excluded. VT events during 12.6 years of follow up were validated by medical record review and classified as idiopathic or secondary. Body size measures were evaluated as risk factors using Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for age, sex, race and diabetes status. Results: There were 451 VT events during follow-up (1.8 per 1000 person-years); 182 were idiopathic, 315 were deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and 136 pulmonary embolus (PE) +/− DVT. All body size measures were associated with increased risk of VT (table), with height having the weakest association. Those with severe obesity (body-mass index above 40 kg/m2) were at the highest risk, with a nearly 3-fold increased risk compared to those of normal weight. Both fat and fat-free mass were risk factors. Conclusion: In this prospective study, multiple measures of body size, and measures of body composition including fat and non-fat components, were risk factors for VT. Findings suggest a multicausal pathogenesis for obesity-related thrombosis. Further study is required to determine reasons for the association of body size and composition with VT. Relative Risk of VT by Body Size Categories (Quartiles (Q) Except when Noted; lowest quartile is the reference group) Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 * P <0.05; ** categories are <25, 25–20, 30–40, >40 kg/m2 Body-mass index** 1.0 (reference) 1.3* 2.1* 2.9* Weight 1.0 (ref) 1.2 1.5* 2.5* Height 1.0 (ref) 1.1 1.2 1.4* Waist-hip ratio 1.0 (ref) 1.3 1.5* 1.6* Waist Circumference 1.0 (ref) 1.2 1.3 2.1* Hip Circumference 1.0 (ref) 1.3* 1.5* 2.2* Calf Circumference 1.0 (ref) 1.3 2.0* 2.3* Fat-Free Mass 1.0 (ref) 1.2 1.4 1.9* Fat Mass 1.0 (ref) 1.1 0.8 1.7*

scholarly journals Multicolor imaging of calcium-binding proteins in human kidney stones for elucidating the effects of proteins on crystal growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutaro Tanaka ◽  
Mihoko Maruyama ◽  
Atsushi Okada ◽  
Yoshihiro Furukawa ◽  
Koichi Momma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Human Kidney ◽  
In Vivo Effects ◽  
Kidney Stone Formation

AbstractThe pathogenesis of kidney stone formation includes multi-step processes involving complex interactions between mineral components and protein matrix. Calcium-binding proteins in kidney stones have great influences on the stone formation. The spatial distributions of these proteins in kidney stones are essential for evaluating the in vivo effects of proteins on the stone formation, although the actual distribution of these proteins is still unclear. We reveal micro-scale distributions of three different proteins, namely osteopontin (OPN), renal prothrombin fragment 1 (RPTF-1), and calgranulin A (Cal-A), in human kidney stones retaining original mineral phases and textures: calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) and calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD). OPN and RPTF-1 were distributed inside of both COM and COD crystals, whereas Cal-A was distributed outside of crystals. OPN and RPTF-1 showed homogeneous distributions in COM crystals with mosaic texture, and periodically distributions parallel to specific crystal faces in COD crystals. The unique distributions of these proteins enable us to interpret the different in vivo effects of each protein on CaOx crystal growth based on their physico-chemical properties and the complex physical environment changes of each protein. This method will further allow us to elucidate in vivo effects of different proteins on kidney stone formation.

scholarly journals Metabolic and Hypertensive Complications of Pregnancy in Women with Nephrolithiasis

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 612-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Sheehan Tangren ◽  
Camille E. Powe ◽  
Jeffrey Ecker ◽  
Kate Bramham ◽  
Elizabeth Ankers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Stone Formers ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background and objectivesKidney stones are associated with future development of hypertension, diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome. Our objective was to assess whether stone formation before pregnancy was associated with metabolic and hypertensive complications in pregnancy. We hypothesized that stone formation is a marker of metabolic disease and would be associated with higher risk for maternal complications in pregnancy.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of women who delivered infants at the Massachusetts General Hospital from 2006 to 2015. Women with abdominal imaging (computed tomography or ultrasound) before pregnancy were included in the analysis. Pregnancy outcomes in women with documented kidney stones on imaging (stone formers, n=166) were compared with those of women without stones on imaging (controls, n=1264). Women with preexisting CKD, hypertension, and diabetes were excluded.ResultsGestational diabetes and preeclampsia were more common in stone formers than nonstone formers (18% versus 6%, respectively; P<0.001 and 16% versus 8%, respectively; P=0.002). After multivariable adjustment, previous nephrolithiasis was associated with higher risks of gestational diabetes (adjusted odds ratio, 3.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.8 to 5.3) and preeclampsia (adjusted odds ratio, 2.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.3 to 3.6). Infants of stone formers were born earlier (38.7±2.0 versus 39.2±1.7 weeks, respectively; P=0.01); however, rates of small for gestational age offspring and neonatal intensive care admission were similar between groups (8% versus 7%, respectively; P=0.33 and 10% versus 6%, respectively; P=0.08). First trimester body mass index significantly influenced the association between stone disease and hypertensive complications of pregnancy: in a multivariable linear regression model, stone formation acted as an effect modifier of the relationship between maximum systolic BP in the third trimester and body mass index (P interaction <0.001).ConclusionsIn women without preexisting diabetes, hypertension, and CKD, a history of nephrolithiasis was associated with gestational diabetes and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, especially in women with high first trimester body mass index.

scholarly journals Mediterranean diet adherence and risk of incident kidney stones

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Rodriguez ◽  
Gary C Curhan ◽  
Giovanni Gambaro ◽  
Eric N Taylor ◽  
Pietro Manuel Ferraro
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Health Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Kidney Stone Formation

ABSTRACT Background Diet plays an important role in kidney stone formation. Several individual components have been associated with the risk of kidney stone formation, but there is limited evidence regarding the role of healthful dietary patterns. Objective To prospectively study the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and the risk of incident kidney stones. Methods We conducted a longitudinal study using 3 different cohorts: the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (n = 42,902 men), the Nurses’ Health Study I (n = 59,994 women), and the Nurses’ Health Study II (n = 90,631 women). We assessed diet every 4 y using an FFQ and calculated adherence to a Mediterranean diet using the alternate Mediterranean diet score (aMED). A subgroup of 6077 participants provided ≥1 24-h urine sample, and urinary solute excretion was analyzed. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to examine the independent association between the aMED and incidence of kidney stones, adjusting for potential confounders. We used adjusted linear regression models to study the relation between aMED and urine composition. Results During 3,316,633 person-years of follow-up, 6576 cases of incident kidney stones were identified. For participants in the highest aMED score category, the risk of developing a kidney stone was between 13% and 41% lower compared with participants in the lowest score (pooled HR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.59, 0.87; P value for trend &lt;0.001). A higher aMED score was associated with higher urinary citrate, magnesium, oxalate, phosphate, uric acid, volume, and pH, and lower urinary sodium, resulting in lower supersaturation for calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, and uric acid. Conclusion Adherence to a Mediterranean diet is associated with a lower risk of developing a kidney stone.

scholarly journals Herbal Alternative for Kidney Stone Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4-s) ◽  
pp. 702-704
Author(s):  
Bhavisha Bhupendrabhai Patel
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
World Population ◽  
Kidney Stone Disease ◽  
Increased Risk

Kidney stone disease is an increasing disorder of humans. It affects about 12% of the world population. Epidemiological data have shown that calcium oxalate is the predominant mineral in a majority of kidney stones. [1] It has been associated with an increased risk of end-stage renal failure. Kidney stones   result from a succession of several physicochemical events including super saturation, nucleation, growth, aggregation, and retention within the kidneys. Kidney stones may cause extreme pain and blockage of urine flow .The average life time risk of stone formation has been reported in the range of 5-10 %.Recurrent stone formation is a common part of the medical care of patients with stone disease.[2] Kidney stone disease is usually treated with medications that may cause a number of side-effects. Even improved and besides the high cost that imposes, compelling data now suggest that exposure to shock waves in therapeutic doses may cause acute renal injury, decrease in renal function and an increase in stone recurrence. Data from in vitro, in vivo and clinical trials reveal that phytotherapeutic agents could be useful as either an alternative therapy in the management of urolithiasis. The present review therefore critically explains the potential usefulness of herbal medicines in the management of urolithiasis. Keywords:  Kidney stones, Calcium oxalate, Herbal plant extracts, Alternative medicine

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