scholarly journals THE PREVALENCE OF VULVOVAGINAL CANDIDIASIS IN PREGNANT WOMEN ATTENDING SEVERAL HOSPITALS IN SANA’A, YEMEN

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulrahman Humaid ◽  
Saeed M Alghalibi ◽  
Anes Al-Mahbashi ◽  
Aml AL-Arossi ◽  
Wadhah Hassan Edrees
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Vaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
E Mail

Candida species are opportunistic yeasts affecting the genitourinary tract which causes the vulvovaginal candidiasis in the most female especially in developing countries. This study aims to determine the prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis caused by Candida species causing among pregnant women in Sana'a City, Yemen. This study was carried out at the department of microbiology of AL-Kuwait University Hospital. 250 vaginal swabs were collected and cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar. Candida species identification and antifungal susceptibility testing were determined according to standard microbiological methods. The results showed that out of 250 samples, 63(25.2%) were positive for Candida species. It was found that the C. albicans (68.3%) was the most common species isolated followed by non-albicans species that are C. tropicalis (20.6%), C. glabrata (6.3%), and C. kefyr (4.8%). Also, it was recorded that the highest prevalence of Candida species was within group aged of 36-46 year. Susceptibility tests revealed that the most isolated species of C. andida were sensitive to nystatin (95%). miconazole was the next effective drug with 64% sensitive followed by amphotericin B (29%) and clotrimazole (24%). But only 6% of the isolates were sensitive to fluconazole. It can be concluded that the vulvovaginal candidiasis are quite common in Yemen country with a high prevalence. Also, the nystatin remains the effective agent against all isolated of Candida species. In contrast, the increase resistance of Candida species to fluconazole that commonly used antifungal is an alarming increase of vaginal candidiasis caused by antifungal-resistant Candida species. Peer Review History: UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.0/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Name: Dr. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy Affiliation: Sana'a University, Yemen E-mail: [email protected]   Name: Dr. Tamer Mohamed Ali El Habibi Affiliation: Suez Canal University, Egypt. E-mail: [email protected]   Name: Rola Jadallah Affiliation: Arab American University, Palestine E-mail: [email protected] Comments of reviewer(s): Similar Articles: AN EXHAUSTIVE STATISTIC ON CURRENT MUCOADHESIVE INTRAVAGINAL DRUG DELIVERY METHODOLOGIES TETANUS IMMUNIZATION AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN: COVERAGE RATE AND RATE OF PROTECTION AT TIME OF DELIVERY

scholarly journals VULVOVAGINAL CANDIDIASIS PREVALENCE AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN IN DIFFERENT HOSPITALS IN IBB, YEMEN

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wadhah Hassan Edrees ◽  
Amin Abdo Al-Asbahi ◽  
Wadee Abdullah Al-Shehari ◽  
Eglal Ahmed Qasem
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Review Reports ◽  
Anti Fungal ◽  
E Mail

Background and aims: Candida species are opportunistic yeasts that affect the genital urinary tract that causes vulvovaginal candidiasis in the most females, particularly in developing countries. This work aims to find the prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis among pregnant women in Ibb, Yemen. Material and methods: Two hundred and eighteen samples of females attending outpatient obstetrics and gynecology clinics were chosen from several hospitals (Al-Thawra, Maternity and Childhood Center, Maternal Reproductive Health Center, and Nasser General Hospital) located in Ibb, from December 2019 to March 2020. The laboratory works were performed in the microbiology department of Al-Thawra Hospital, Ibb. Vaginal swabs were cultivated on Sabouraud dextrose agar, then the species of Candida identification and anti-fungal sensitivity tests were performed regarding the standard procedure of microbiology. Results: The findings revealed that out of 218 cases, 134 (61.5%) were infected with Candida species, and the rate of candidiasis was higher among women coming from rural areas than among women in urban areas; and in the age group 28-37 years. C. albicans (61.2%) were the most prevalent species followed by C. tropicalis (21.64%), C. glabrata (11.19%), and C. kefyr (5.97%). Susceptibility tests showed that the most isolated Candida species were sensitive to nystatin (94.8), fluconazole (91.04%), amphotericin B (88.80%), voriconazole (78.35%), clotrimazole (75.37%), ketoconazole (73.13%), and itraconazole (69.40%). Conclusion: It can be concluded that Candida vaginitis is very common among pregnant women, and the tested anti-fungal agents continue to be effective against all isolates of Candida species. In contrast, there was a slight increase resistant against itraconazole, ketoconazole, clotrimazole, and voriconazole which raises concern about a rise in Candida species that are resistant to these drugs. Peer Review History: Received 27 June 2020; Revised 15 July; Accepted 12 August, Available online 15 September 2020 UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.5/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Name: Ashwaq Ali Hezam Al-Arossi Affiliation: Sana'a University, Yemen E-mail: [email protected]   Name: Prof. Dr. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy Affiliation: Sana'a University, Yemen E-mail: [email protected]   Name: Dr. (Mrs) Amaka A. Mgbahurike Affiliation: University of PortHarcourt, Nigeria E-mail: [email protected]   Comments of reviewer(s): Similar Articles: PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH VULVOVAGINAL CANDIDIASIS DURING PREGNANCY IN SANA'A, YEMEN TETANUS IMMUNIZATION AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN: COVERAGE RATE AND RATE OF PROTECTION AT TIME OF DELIVERY

scholarly journals PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH VULVOVAGINAL CANDIDIASIS DURING PREGNANCY IN SANA'A, YEMEN

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah AD Al-Rukeimi ◽  
Sameera Mohammad Mahdi Al-Hatami ◽  
Dheya A. AL-Danany ◽  
Hassan Abdulwahab Al-Shamahy ◽  
Raghad Abdullah Ali Al Rukeimi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Vaginal Swabs ◽  
E Mail

Background and objective: Women at pregnancy are further susceptible to vaginal colonization and yeast infection. The responsibility of Candida colonization in the incidence of preterm birth is correctly established. Knowing regional epidemiology and identifying risk factors of preterm birth are important for management and preventive strategies. The aim of the study was to reveal the prevalence of Candida species in vaginal swabs of pregnant women and determine odds ratio of risks for vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). Methods:   Pregnant women attendance routine antenatal visits in Al-Olify –family Center in Sana'a city were registered into a cross-sectional study carried out from June 2018 to March 2019. The laboratory works were carried out in the National Center of Public Laboratories (NCPHL). Samples of vaginal swabs were taken from contributors after obtaining oral consent. The classification of the Candida species was done by culture on HiCrome Candida Differential Agar at 35 °C for 48 h for making of species-specific colors. Data of demographic, clinical and risk factors were collected in a pre-designed questionnaire. Results: A total of 190 pregnant women are included. The rate of VVC was 51.6%. Candida albicans accounted for 39.5% and non-Candida albicans accounted for 12.1% of isolates, mainly C. glabrata (4.7%), C. lipolytica (3.2%), and C. famata (2.1%). When VVC risk factors were considered, there were significant risk factors with the age group 20-24 years (61%, odds ratio (OR) = 1.8), first trimester of pregnancy (61.1%, OR = 1.7), Multipara of  parity (61.8%, OR = 1.9), low socioeconomic level (60.1%, OR =2.4), and illiteracy (68%, OR = 2.2). When clinical symptoms were considered, only 86.2% of affected females had clinical signs of VVC. Conclusions: There is a high probable rate of VVC is found among pregnant women in Yemen, undiagnosed and unnoticed; and this highlights the need for health authorities to develop strategies for diagnosing VVC, including vaginal swabs for candidiasis as a routine procedure for all pregnant women. This study also revealed a steady increase in time with a non-C. albicans species  prevalence rate. VVC syndrome management guidelines in Yemen should be revised to include a special protocol for pregnant women. Peer Review History: Received 14 May 2020; Revised 15 June; Accepted 1 July, Available online 15 July 2020 UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.0/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Name: Dr. Michael Otakhor Erhunmwunse Affiliation: BTU – Cottbus, Germany E-mail: [email protected]   Name: Dr. Mohamed Awad Mousnad  Affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, International University of Africa (IUA), Khartoum, Sudan E-mail: [email protected]   Comments of reviewer(s): Similar Articles: TETANUS IMMUNIZATION AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN: COVERAGE RATE AND RATE OF PROTECTION AT TIME OF DELIVERY AN EXHAUSTIVE STATISTIC ON CURRENT MUCOADHESIVE INTRAVAGINAL DRUG DELIVERY METHODOLOGIES

Value of antifungal susceptibility testing in recurrent vulvovaginal Candidiasis by Non -Albicans Candida

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-167
Author(s):  
Ghada A. Mokhtar ◽  
Mohamed Sh. Ramadan ◽  
Shymaa Yahia
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Vaginal Swabs ◽  
Vitek 2

Background: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is regarded as a prevalent vaginal infection and mainly results from Candida albicans. Nevertheless, there has recently been a prominent shift in candidiasis etiology regarding non-albicans Candida (NAC) species with achieving importance. For women with more than three episodes annually are described as recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC). Objectives: To isolate, speciate, and determine the value of antifungal sensitivity pattern of candida species isolated from patients developed (RVVC). Methodology: High vaginal swabs (HVS) were taken from patients with RVVC and cultured on ordinary mycological media. Any significant candida growth was identified and speciated by VITEK 2 system. Their antifungal sensitivity was done by disc diffusion approach governed by CLSI guidelines. Results: A total of 110 Candida species from 250 high vaginal swabs were isolated. Among all candida species isolated from patients with RVCC, C.albicanis accounts for 44% while NAC accounts for 56% with C.glabrata most common species isolated. Voriconazole, amphotericin B, and nystatin showed high sensitivity rates (92 %, 89%, and 84% respectively) on all candida species (C.albicans and NAC) isolated from patients with RVVC. Conclusion: In RVCC there is increase in NAC (56%) with C.glabrata most common species isolated. Voriconazole, Nystatin, and amphotericin B have the best antifungal activity against all spp.

scholarly journals VULVOVAGINAL CANDIDIASIS: PREVALENCE, SPECIES DISTRIBUTION AND RISK FACTORS AMONG NON-PREGNANT WOMEN, IN SANA'A, YEMEN

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameera Mohammad Mahdi Al-Hatami ◽  
Khaled Abdulkareem A Al-Moyed ◽  
Hassan Abdulwahab Al-Shamahy ◽  
Ahmed Mohammed Al-Haddad ◽  
Azhar Azher Mohammed Al-Ankoshy
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Factors Associated

Background and objectives: Vulvovaginal candidiasis is known to be a global issue of concern due to its association with economic costs, sexually transmitted diseases, and the escalation of genital tract infections.  This study aimed to determine the prevalence, species distribution and risk factors associated with Candida species causing vulvovaginal candidiasis. Subjects and Methods:  Non-pregnant women attending routine antenatal visits at Al-Olaifi-Family Center in Sana'a were enrolled in a cross-sectional study conducted from June 2018 to March 2019. Laboratory work was carried out at the National Center of Public Laboratories (NCPHL). Vaginal swabs were sampled from participants after oral consent was obtained. The swabs were inoculated in Sabouraud glucose agar supplemented with chloramphenicol and incubated at 37°C for 24 to 48 h under aerobic conditions in order to perform a fungal culture. Candida species were determined by culturing on HiCrome Candida differential Agar at 35°C for 48 h to produce species-specific colours. Data on demographic, clinical, and risk factors were collected in a pre-designed questionnaire. Results:  A total of 190 non-pregnant women were included. The prevalence of VVC was 22.1%. Candida albicans accounted for 16.3% and non-Candida albicans accounted for 5.8% of the isolates, mainly C. glabrata (3.2%), C. rugosa (1.05%), C. lipolytica (1.05%), and C. dubliniensis (0.53%). When VVC risk factors were considered, there were significant risk factors with age group 30-34 years (33.3%, odds ratio=2.1) and age group  ≥35 years (62.5%, odds ratio=10.3), residence in a rural area (39.5 %, OR=3.3), negative emotions (30.2%, OR=2.3), underwear replacement over 1 day (29.3%, OR=4.2), impure cotton underwear (29.4%, OR=4.9), while Condom use and vulvar cleaning before or after sexual life were found to be highly significant protective factors against VVC (p=0.008, 0.03, respectively). Conclusions: Guidelines for the management of VVC syndrome in Yemen should be revised to include a protocol specifically for women over 30 years of age. VVC undoubtedly poses a significant threat to women's reproductive health. Risk factors for VVC are varied, and include ages, health habits, history of the disease, and other aspects. It is necessary to take appropriate measures to avoid risk factors and to help reduce the prevalence of VVC among women of childbearing age.                    Peer Review History: Received: 3 May 2021; Revised: 23 June; Accepted: 30 June, Available online: 15 July 2021 Academic Editor: Dr. Ali Abdullah Al-yahawi, Al-Razi university, Department of Pharmacy, Yemen, [email protected] UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency.  Received file:                Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Dr. Michael Otakhor Erhunmwunse, St. Philomena Catholic Hospital, Nigeria,[email protected] Dr. A.A. Mgbahurike, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, [email protected] Dr. Wadhah Hassan Ali Edrees, Hajja University, Yemen, [email protected]   Similar Articles: VULVOVAGINAL CANDIDIASIS PREVALENCE AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN IN DIFFERENT HOSPITALS IN IBB, YEMEN PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH VULVOVAGINAL CANDIDIASIS DURING PREGNANCY IN SANA'A, YEMEN

scholarly journals Prevalence and Antifungal Susceptibility of Candida albicans Causing Vaginal discharge Among Pregnant Women in Lebanon

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahed Ghaddar ◽  
Elie Anastasiadis ◽  
Rawad Halimeh ◽  
Ali Ghaddar ◽  
Rita Dhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
Vaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Adverse Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
Susceptibility Tests

Abstract Background: Vaginal candidiasis is frequently prevalent in pregnant women and is associated with sepsis and adverse neonatal outcomes. This study determined the presence of Candida species in symptomatic pregnant women and evaluated the antifungal susceptibility profile of the isolated strains. It also aimed to explore whether Candida species predicts gestational complications and adverse neonatal outcomes. Methods: A total of 258 pregnant women at 35 to 37 week of gestation participated in this study. Vaginal swabs from these patients were collected at various obstetrics and gynecology clinics in Lebanon for a period of 12 months. Candida isolates were identified at species level and antifungal susceptibility of Candida albicans to fluconazole (FCZ), amphotericin B (AMB), itraconazole (ICZ) and voriconazole (VCZ) was determined by the agar-based E-test method. Results: Among 258 women tested, 100 (39%) were positive for Candida species. C. albicans, C. glabrata and C. krusei were isolated from 42%, 41% and 17% of the women, respectively. C. albicans had significant positive associations with gestational diabetes while C. kreusi or C. glabrata had significant positive associations with gestational complications and vaginal discharge. The antifungal susceptibility tests of C. albicans isolates revealed 97.5%, 90%, 87.5% and 97.5% susceptibility to AMB, FCZ, ICZ and VCZ, respectively. Conclusion: The current study revealed high incidence of both C. albicans and non-C. albicans strains causing vulvovaginitis among pregnant women in Beirut, Lebanon. Whereas the susceptibility rates of C. albicans against AMB and VCZ were high, FCZ and ICZ proved comparatively less efficacious. The resistance profile of circulating C. albicans among pregnant women can predict the best outcome of appropriate prophylaxis or treatment of neonatal candidiasis. Vaginal candida colonization might lead to adverse neonatal outcome or gestational complications thus Candida screening as antennal follow up is advised.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Antifungal Susceptibility patterns of Candida Isolated on CHROMagarTMCandida at a Tertiary Referral Hospital, Eastern Uganda

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Watsemwa Juliet Jane ◽  
Jacob Stanley Iramiot ◽  
John Bosco Kalule
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Referral ◽  
Tertiary Referral Hospital ◽  
Eastern Uganda

Background: Pregnant women are susceptible to vaginal candidiasis and maternal vulvovaginal candidiasis is a major risk factor for colonization and/or infection of the infant. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and antifungal patterns of albicans and non-albicans Candida among pregnant women attending a tertiary referral hospital. Methods: Vaginal discharge- cotton swabs were self-collected from pregnant women clinically proven to have vulvovaginal candidiasis at the antenatal clinic of a tertiary referral hospital between January and July 2018. Microscopy and culture on Sabouraud's Dextrose Agar with chloramphenicol was done on the vaginal discharge-cotton swabs. Confirmatory fungal identification was done using CHROM agarTM Candida. Antifungal susceptibility testing was carried out using the standardized Kirby Bauer method. Results: Candida were isolated from 50.81% (126/249) of the swabs  and included C. albicans (80.16%, 101/126), C. glabrata (19.05% (24/126) and C. krusei (0.79%, 1/126). Candida albicans showed resistance to amphotericin B (70.63%, 89/126), clotrimazole (11.9%, 15/126), nystatin (3.17%, 4/126), fluconazole (23.02%, 29/126), and itraconazole (17.46%, 22/126). Among the non-albican Candida species, C. glabrata showed resistance to fluconazole (100% ,24/24), amphotericin B (100% ,24/24), clotrimazole (14.29%, 18/24), nystatin (1.59%, 2/24), and itraconazole (18.25%, 23/24). C. krusei showed resistance to fluconazole (100%, 1/1), amphotericin B (100%,1/1), and itraconazole (100%, 1/1). Conclusion: The candida species commonly associated with VVC in Eastern Uganda are C. albicans C. glabrata and C. krusei. Antifungal resistance was highly prevalent among the candida isolated. The use of CHROMagarTMCandida media for identification of clinically relevant Candida should be adopted instead of conventional methods that are tedious and time consuming such that treatment is based on laboratory evidence.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Antifungal Susceptibility of Candida albicans Causing Vulvovaginitis Among Pregnant Women in Lebanon

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahed Ghaddar ◽  
Elie Anastasiadis ◽  
Rawad Halimeh ◽  
Ali Ghaddar ◽  
Rita Dhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
Vaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Adverse Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
Susceptibility Tests

Abstract Background: Vaginal candidiasis is frequently prevalent in pregnant women and is associated with sepsis and adverse neonatal outcomes. This study determined the presence of Candida species in symptomatic pregnant women and evaluated the antifungal susceptibility profile of the isolated strains. It also aimed to explore whether Candida species predicts gestational complications and adverse neonatal outcomes. Methods: A total of 258 pregnant women at 35 to 37 week of gestation participated in this study. Vaginal swabs from these patients were collected at various obstetrics and gynecology clinics in Lebanon for a period of 12 months. Candida isolates were identified at species level and antifungal susceptibility of Candida albicans to fluconazole (FCZ), amphotericin B (AMB), itraconazole (ICZ) and voriconazole (VCZ) was determined by the agar-based E-test method. Results: Among 258 women tested, 100 (39%) were positive for Candida species. C. albicans, C. glabrata and C. krusei were isolated from 42%, 41% and 17% of the women, respectively. C. albicans had significant positive associations with gestational diabetes while C. kreusi or C. glabrata had significant positive associations with gestational complications and vaginal discharge. The antifungal susceptibility tests of C. albicans isolates revealed 97.5%, 90%, 87.5% and 97.5% susceptibility to AMB, FCZ, ICZ and VCZ, respectively. . Conclusion: The current study revealed high incidence of both C. albicans and non-C. albicans strains causing vulvovaginitis among pregnant women in Beirut, Lebanon. Whereas the susceptibility rates of C. albicans against AMB and VCZ were high, FCZ and ICZ proved comparatively less efficacious. The resistance profile of circulating C. albicans among pregnant women can predict the best outcome of appropriate prophylaxis or treatment of neonatal candidiasis. Vaginal candida colonization might lead to adverse neonatal outcome or gestational complications thus Candida screening as antennal follow up is advised.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Antifungal Susceptibility of Candida albicans Causing Vulvovaginitis Among Pregnant Women in Lebanon

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahed Ghaddar ◽  
Elie Anastasiadis ◽  
Rawad Halimeh ◽  
Ali Ghaddar ◽  
Rita Dhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
Vaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Adverse Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
Susceptibility Tests

Abstract Background: Vaginal candidiasis is frequently prevalent in pregnant women and is associated with sepsis and adverse neonatal outcomes. This study determined the presence of Candida species in symptomatic pregnant women and evaluated the antifungal susceptibility profile of the isolated strains. It also aimed to explore whether Candida species predicts gestational complications and adverse neonatal outcomes. Methods: A total of 258 pregnant women at 35 to 37 week of gestation participated in this study. Vaginal swabs from these patients were collected at various obstetrics and gynecology clinics in Lebanon for a period of 12 months. Candida isolates were identified at species level and antifungal susceptibility of Candida albicans to fluconazole (FCZ), amphotericin B (AMB), itraconazole (ICZ) and voriconazole (VCZ) was determined by the agar-based E-test method. Results: Among 258 women tested, 100 (39%) were positive for Candida species. C. albicans, C. glabrata and C. krusei were isolated from 42%, 41% and 17% of the women, respectively. C. albicans had significant positive associations with gestational diabetes while C. kreusi or C. glabrata had significant positive associations with gestational complications and vaginal discharge. The antifungal susceptibility tests of C. albicans isolates revealed 97.5%, 90%, 87.5% and 97.5% susceptibility to AMB, FCZ, ICZ and VCZ, respectively. . Conclusion: The current study revealed high incidence of both C. albicans and non-C. albicans strains causing vulvovaginitis among pregnant women in Beirut, Lebanon. Whereas the susceptibility rates of C. albicans against AMB and VCZ were high, FCZ and ICZ proved comparatively less efficacious. The resistance profile of circulating C. albicans among pregnant women can predict the best outcome of appropriate prophylaxis or treatment of neonatal candidiasis. Vaginal candida colonization might lead to adverse neonatal outcome or gestational complications thus Candida screening as antennal follow up is advised.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Antifungal Susceptibility of Candida albicans Causing Vaginal discharge Among Pregnant Women in Lebanon

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahed Ghaddar ◽  
Elie Anastasiadis ◽  
Rawad Halimeh ◽  
Ali Ghaddar ◽  
Rita Dhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
Vaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Adverse Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
Susceptibility Tests

Abstract Background: Vaginal candidiasis is frequently prevalent in pregnant women and is associated with sepsis and adverse neonatal outcomes. This study determined the presence of Candida species in symptomatic pregnant women and evaluated the antifungal susceptibility profile of the isolated strains. It also aimed to explore whether Candida species predicts gestational complications and adverse neonatal outcomes. Methods: A total of 258 pregnant women at 35 to 37 week of gestation participated in this study. Vaginal swabs from these patients were collected at various obstetrics and gynecology clinics in Lebanon for a period of 12 months. Candida isolates were identified at species level and antifungal susceptibility of Candida albicans to fluconazole (FCZ), amphotericin B (AMB), itraconazole (ICZ) and voriconazole (VCZ) was determined by the agar-based E-test method. Results: Among 258 women tested, 100 (39%) were positive for Candida species. C. albicans, C. glabrata and C. krusei were isolated from 42%, 41% and 17% of the women, respectively. C. albicans had significant positive associations with gestational diabetes while C. kreusi or C. glabrata had significant positive associations with gestational complications and vaginal discharge. The antifungal susceptibility tests of C. albicans isolates revealed 97.5%, 90%, 87.5% and 97.5% susceptibility to AMB, FCZ, ICZ and VCZ, respectively. . Conclusion: The current study revealed high incidence of both C. albicans and non-C. albicans strains causing vulvovaginitis among pregnant women in Beirut, Lebanon. Whereas the susceptibility rates of C. albicans against AMB and VCZ were high, FCZ and ICZ proved comparatively less efficacious. The resistance profile of circulating C. albicans among pregnant women can predict the best outcome of appropriate prophylaxis or treatment of neonatal candidiasis. Vaginal candida colonization might lead to adverse neonatal outcome or gestational complications thus Candida screening as antennal follow up is advised.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Antifungal Susceptibility patterns of Candida isolated on CHROMagarTMCandida at a tertiary referral hospital, Eastern Uganda.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliet Watsemwa ◽  
Jacob Iramiot ◽  
JOHN BOSCO KALULE
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Vaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Tertiary Referral ◽  
Tertiary Referral Hospital

Abstract Background Pregnant women are susceptible to vaginal candidiasis and maternal vulvovaginal candidiasis is a major risk factor for colonization and/or infection of the infant. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and antifungal patterns of albicans and non-albicans Candida among pregnant women attending a tertiary referral hospital. Methods Vaginal discharge- cotton swabs were self-collected from pregnant women clinically proven to have vulvovaginal candidiasis at the antenatal clinic of a tertiary referral hospital between January and July 2018. Microscopy and culture on Sabouraud's Dextrose Agar with chloramphenicol was done on the vaginal discharge-cotton swabs. Confirmatory fungal identification was done using CHROM agarTM Candida. Antifungal susceptibility testing was carried out using the standardized Kirby Bauer dilution method. Results Candida were isolated from 50.81% (126/249) of the swabs and included C. albicans (80.16%, 101/126), C. glabrata (19.05% (24/126) and C. krusei (0.79%, 1/126). Of the women from whom Candida were isolated, 11.1% (14/126) were in the first trimester, 39.7% (50/126) were in the second, while 49.2% (62/126) were in the third. Of the Candida isolates, 80.16% (101/126) were C. albicans, 19.05% (24/126) were C. glabrata and 0.79% (1/126) were C. krusei. Overall, all the isolates were non-susceptible to Amphotericin B, while 60.3% (76/126), 50% (63/126), 62.7% (79/126), and 48.4% (61/126) were non-susceptible to itraconazole, fluconazole, nystatin, and clotrimazole respectively. All the non-albicans Candida were resistant to itraconazole, amphotericin B, and fluconazole. Conclusion Vulvovaginal candidiasis due to multidrug resistant C.glabrata among pregnant women will require that treatment regimes are adjusted to carter for the recurrent forms. The use of CHROMagarTMCandida media for identification of clinically relevant Candida should be adopted instead of conventional methods that are tedious and time consuming such that treatment is based on laboratory evidence.

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