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PLoS ONE ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0262551
Author(s):  
Ayman Elbehiry ◽  
Musaad Aldubaib ◽  
Osamah Al Rugaie ◽  
Eman Marzouk ◽  
Marwan Abaalkhail ◽  
...  

Brucellae are intracellular sneaky bacteria and they can elude the host’s defensive mechanisms, resulting in therapeutic failure. Therefore, the goal of this investigation was to rapid identification of Brucella species collected from animals and humans in Saudi Arabia, as well as to evaluate their resistance to antibiotics. On selective media, 364 animal samples as well as 70 human blood samples were cultured. Serological and biochemical approaches were initially used to identify a total of 25 probable cultured isolates. The proteomics of Brucella species were identified using the MALDI Biotyper (MBT) system, which was subsequently verified using real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) and microfluidic electrophoresis assays. Both Brucella melitensis (B. melitensis) and Brucella abortus (B. abortus) were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using Kirby Bauer method and the E-test. In total, 25 samples were positive for Brucella and included 11 B. melitensis and 14 B. abortus isolates. Twenty-two out of 25 (88%) and 24/25 (96%) of Brucella strains were recognized through the Vitek 2 Compact system. While MBT was magnificently identified 100% of the strains at the species level with a score value more than or equal to 2.00. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, rifampin, ampicillin-sulbactam, and ampicillin resistance in B. melitensis was 36.36%, 31.82%, 27.27%, and 22.70%, respectively. Rifampin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ampicillin, and ampicillin-sulbactam resistance was found in 35.71%, 32.14%, 32.14%, and 28.57% of B. abortus isolates, correspondingly. MBT confirmed by microfluidic electrophoresis is a successful approach for identifying Brucella species at the species level. The resistance of B. melitensis and B. abortus to various antibiotics should be investigated in future studies.


2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Melissa A. Ramtahal ◽  
Anou M. Somboro ◽  
Daniel G. Amoako ◽  
Akebe L. K. Abia ◽  
Keith Perrett ◽  
...  

The presence of the zoonotic pathogen Salmonella in the food supply chain poses a serious public health threat. This study describes the prevalence, susceptibility profiles, virulence patterns, and clonality of Salmonella from a poultry flock monitored over six weeks, using the farm-to-fork approach. Salmonella was isolated using selective media and confirmed to the genus and species level by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of the invA and iroB genes, respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were determined using Vitek-2 and the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method against a panel of 21 antibiotics recommended by the World Health Organisation Advisory Group on Integrated Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (WHO-AGISAR). Selected virulence genes were identified by conventional PCR, and clonality was determined using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR (ERIC-PCR). Salmonella was present in 32.1% of the samples: on the farm (30.9%), at the abattoir (0.6%), and during house decontamination (0.6%). A total of 210 isolates contained the invA and iroB genes. Litter, faeces, and carcass rinsate isolates were classified as resistant to cefuroxime (45.2%), cefoxitin (1.9%), chloramphenicol (1.9%), nitrofurantoin (0.4%), pefloxacin (11.4%), and azithromycin (11%). Multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed among 3.8% of the isolates. All wastewater and 72.4% of carcass rinsate isolates were fully susceptible. All isolates harboured the misL, orfL, pipD, stn, spiC, hilA, and sopB virulence genes, while pefA, spvA, spvB, and spvC were absent. In addition, fliC was only present among the wastewater isolates. Various ERIC-PCR patterns were observed throughout the continuum with different subtypes, indicating the unrelated spread of Salmonella. This study concluded that poultry and the poultry environment serve as reservoirs for resistant and pathogenic Salmonella. However, there was no evidence of transmission along the farm-to-fork continuum.


2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
B. Jabri ◽  
M. Iken ◽  
S. Ait- Ou-amar ◽  
S. Rida ◽  
A. Bouziane ◽  
...  

Aim. This study aims to evaluate the association of Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis with periodontitis in adolescents and young adults in a Moroccan population. Methods. 426 subjects aged between 12 and 25 years were recruited for the study. A pool of plaque sample was taken. Samples were cultured on Sabouraud Chloramphenicol medium at 37°C for 24–48 hours and then identified by the Vitek 2 YST system. Clinical data and presence of Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis were analyzed using Jamovi (Version 1.8). Results. Candida albicans was observed in 25 subjects among 68 diseased patients (37%) and in 60 subjects among 358 healthy patients (17%). It can be reported that under normal yeast conditions, there is a statistically significant difference between these two groups ( P < 0.001 ). Candida dubliniensis was more prevalent in periodontitis than in healthy subjects ( P = 0.026 ). Regarding clinical variables, subgroups of periodontitis subjects showed significant statistical differences for periodontal probing depth, clinical attachment loss, and number of decayed teeth in advanced periodontitis in comparison with initial or mild periodontitis. The results also indicate that the presence of the two species of Candida is not related to gender or age ( P > 0.05 ) nor related to the severity of the periodontal disease in this population. Conclusion. Within the limits of our study, Candida albicans is more frequently associated with periodontitis. The potential role of C. albicans in periodontitis pathogenesis is very complex. More studies on biofilm associated with different forms of periodontitis are necessary. It is also important to assess the coexistence of periodontitis and caries and the associated biofilms.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 218-233
Author(s):  
Nazir Ahmad Var ◽  
Nisar Ahmad Wani ◽  
Syed Khurshid Ahmad

Background: Acinetobacter species are leading cause of nosocomial infections, causing significant morbidity and mortality globally including India. Being persistent in the hospital environment and rapidly developing resistance to a wide variety of antibiotics are the most important features of this pathogen. The present study aimed to compare Colistin MIC of Acinetobacter species isolated from the blood samples by E test and Vitek 2 to the standard broth micro dilution test. Methodology: Two antibiotic susceptibility test methods, The Vitek-2 and the E test, against the reference broth micro dilution method in terms of the various parameters such as Reproducibility, reliability, cost and time effectiveness. Data obtained from the current study regarding antimicrobial resistance of Acinetobacter species recovered from clinical specimens referred to microbiology laboratory of SKIMS and was analyzed by using SPSS20.0. Results: Out of 100 isolates of Acinetobacter species analyzed from blood specimens the distribution of Acinetobacter species according to different clinical diagnosis of patients 89% were A. baumannii and 11% were A. lwoffii. Seventy three percent of them were from males and 27% of them were from females with a mean age of 39.6 (SD±27.46). Regarding the specimen and isolate sources, the majority were from ICU (54%), Surgical ward (26%), Medical ward (16%) and 4% from Outpatient department of SKIMS. Significant descending trends of antimicrobial resistance was shown for Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid, Cefoperazone/ Sulbactam combination, Cotrimoxazole (100%), Levofloxacin (92%) Piperacillin/Tazobactam, Ciprofloxacin (90%), Cephalosporins (>80%), Imipenem and Meropenem (76%), Amikacin (68%), Gentamycin (67%), Tigecycline (11%) and 0% for Colistin respectively. Conclusion: from the study it could be concluded that the best reference method for testing susceptibility to the Polymyxins still remains to be defined. However, in routine clinical practice in most regions worldwide, where a reference method can hardly be implemented, the interpretation of Colistin susceptibility should preferably be based on results of automated systems such as Vitek-2 or the E test. The micro broth Dilution method remains the most reliable and reproducible, however most tedious and time-consuming method. Colistin remains a very effective, least resisted drug for MDR Acinetobacter species as compared by all the three methods. Keywords: Acinetobacter species; Antimicrobial resistance; Colistin; E test and Vitek 2.


Author(s):  
DILSHA TK ◽  
SAJANI SAMUEL ◽  
PARTHIBAN RUDRAPATHY ◽  
SARAVANAN MURUGESAN ◽  
SARATH KE

Objective: The objective of the study was to identify coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) from various clinical samples and to determine the antibiotic resistance of the isolates by means of automation (VITEK-2), as well as to detect biofilm formation using Congo red agar method and to detect mecA gene by automated identification method (VITEK-2). Methods: All the clinical samples (blood, urine, sputum, BAL, throat swab, wound swab, aspirated fluid, pleural fluid, and pus) received in the microbiology laboratory were processed by aseptic techniques. Clinical samples were inoculated on appropriate media (blood agar, MacConkey agar, and chocolate agar [HIMEDIA]). After inoculation, the culture plates were incubated at 37°C aerobically for 18–24 h for growth. Positive cultures were picked up and further bacterial species identification was done using automated techniques (MALDI- TOF). Results: Among 28 isolates, the most recurrent strains of CoNS are Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus hominis, Staphylococcus lugdunensis, and Staphylococcus haemolyticus. The assessment of antibacterial drugs sensitivity shows that all the isolates were more sensitive to daptomycin (S. epidermidis 100%, S. hominis 100%, S. lugdunensis 100%, and S. haemolyticus 42.85%) followed by linezolid (S. epidermidis [69.23%], S. hominis [100%], S. lugdunensis [100%], and S. haemolyticus [57.14%]) and vancomycin (S. epidermidis [100%], S. hominis [40%], S. lugdunensis [100%], S. haemolyticus [42.85%]). The analysis revealed the presence of the mecA gene (67.85%) and biofilm production (85.71%), respectively. Conclusion: Our data indicate that the hospital environment can be colonized by biofilm forming CoNS and transmission of these strains can cause an increased risk of serious nosocomial infections.


2021 ◽  
pp. 232-236
Author(s):  
Luviana Kristianingtyas ◽  
Mustofa Helmi Effendi ◽  
Adiana Mutamsari Witaningrum ◽  
Dhandy Koesoemo Wardhana ◽  
Emmanuel Nnabuike Ugbo

Background and Aim: The practice of keeping animals as pets is becoming increasingly common. The upsurge of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing organisms of animal origin is a health threat globally. This study aimed to identify the presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in companion dogs in animal clinics in Surabaya, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: A total of 85 rectal swab samples were collected from companion dogs at five animal clinics in different regions of Surabaya, Indonesia. The presence of E. coli was identified from the samples using standard methods, followed by antibiotic sensitivity testing. The resistant isolates were examined for the presence of ESBL using the double-disk synergy test method. The phenotypically identified ESBL-producing E. coli was further confirmed with an automated system using Vitek-2. Results: The rectal swab samples (n=85) tested were 100% positive for E. coli isolates. Eight (9.41%) out of the 85 E. coli obtained from rectal swabs were extended-spectrum β-lactamase producers. All eight ESBL-producing E. coli were identified by automated Vitek-2 confirmatory tests. Conclusion: This study provides insight into the prevalence of ESBL-producing organisms isolated from companion dogs in Indonesia. This work indicates the need for the general public to be more aware of the role of companion animals in disseminating pathogenic organisms, since they serve as potential reservoirs in the spread of antibiotic resistance affecting human health.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. e1245
Author(s):  
Gustavo A. Valencia-Mesias ◽  
Iliana N. Cano-Calero ◽  
Ana Castillo-Soto

Lactococcus garvieae, a gram-positive anaerobe facultative coccus, is a well-known pathogen in the aquaculture and cattle sector, being extremely rare for human beings. There are some case reports of infections caused by this microorganism, however, there are no fasciitis cases up to date. This is a case of a 24-year-old patient with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and previous COVID-19 pneumonia without sequelae, admitted to the emergency room for a case compatible with fasciitis. Three cultures for L. garvieae were obtained from surgical debridement and microbiological studies were performed using automated VITEK-2 equipment. No posterior complications were documented. The patient went through a skin graft with a favorable response without evidence of clinical relapse.


Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1458
Author(s):  
Adriana Morar ◽  
Alexandra Ban-Cucerzan ◽  
Viorel Herman ◽  
Emil Tîrziu ◽  
Khalid Ibrahim Sallam ◽  
...  

The main objectives of the present study were to determine the occurrence of coagulase positive staphylococci (CPS) and to assess the presence and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Staphylococcus aureus isolates in different raw milk origin (cow and sheep) traditional cheeses marketed in Banat region, Romania. Additionally, the presence of mecA gene in S. aureus isolates and the staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) in cheese samples were evaluated. A total of 81.6% (138/169) of the screened samples were positive for CPS. Furthermore, 35.5% (49/138) of the investigated CPS positive cheese samples were contaminated with S. aureus, with an isolation frequency of 46.6% (14/30) in caș, 33.3% (32/96) in telemea, 25% (2/8) in burduf, and 25% (1/4) in urdă assortments, respectively. From the total number of S. aureus isolates, 6.1% (3/49) harbored the mecA gene. Detectable levels of SEs were identified in 4.3% (4/94) of cheese samples with a CPS contamination level higher than 105 log CFU g−1. The expressed antimicrobial susceptibility profile of the tested cheese-origin S. aureus isolates, with the automated Vitek 2 equipment, showed resistance towards amikacin (90.1%, 10 out from 11 tested), enrofloxacin (86.2%, 25/29), ceftiofur (72.7%, 8/11), neomycin (63.6%, 7/11), benzylpenicillin (53.1%, 26/49), kanamycin (41.4%, 12/29), rifampicin (39.5%, 15/38), tetracycline (38.8%, 19/49), tilmicosin (36.4%, 4/11), clindamycin (30.6%, 15/49), ciprofloxacin (30%, 6/20), erythromycin (22.4%, 11/49), tylosin (18.2%, 2/11), oxacillin (16.3%, 8/49), linezolid (15%, 3/20), teicoplanin (15%, 3/20), fusidic acid (13.1%), imipenem (10.5%, 4/38), vancomycin (7.9%, 3/38), ampicillin (5.5%, 1/18), mupirocin (5.5%, 1/18), fosfomycin (5%, 1/20), and gentamicin (4.1%, 2/49). Twenty-four (49%) S. aureus isolates exhibited multidrug resistance. The investigation highlighted a common occurrence of multidrug-resistant S. aureus strains in the monitored cheese assortments, which can constitute a potential risk for consumers’ health.


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