scholarly journals VULVOVAGINAL CANDIDIASIS: PREVALENCE, SPECIES DISTRIBUTION AND RISK FACTORS AMONG NON-PREGNANT WOMEN, IN SANA'A, YEMEN

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameera Mohammad Mahdi Al-Hatami ◽  
Khaled Abdulkareem A Al-Moyed ◽  
Hassan Abdulwahab Al-Shamahy ◽  
Ahmed Mohammed Al-Haddad ◽  
Azhar Azher Mohammed Al-Ankoshy
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Factors Associated

Background and objectives: Vulvovaginal candidiasis is known to be a global issue of concern due to its association with economic costs, sexually transmitted diseases, and the escalation of genital tract infections.  This study aimed to determine the prevalence, species distribution and risk factors associated with Candida species causing vulvovaginal candidiasis. Subjects and Methods:  Non-pregnant women attending routine antenatal visits at Al-Olaifi-Family Center in Sana'a were enrolled in a cross-sectional study conducted from June 2018 to March 2019. Laboratory work was carried out at the National Center of Public Laboratories (NCPHL). Vaginal swabs were sampled from participants after oral consent was obtained. The swabs were inoculated in Sabouraud glucose agar supplemented with chloramphenicol and incubated at 37°C for 24 to 48 h under aerobic conditions in order to perform a fungal culture. Candida species were determined by culturing on HiCrome Candida differential Agar at 35°C for 48 h to produce species-specific colours. Data on demographic, clinical, and risk factors were collected in a pre-designed questionnaire. Results:  A total of 190 non-pregnant women were included. The prevalence of VVC was 22.1%. Candida albicans accounted for 16.3% and non-Candida albicans accounted for 5.8% of the isolates, mainly C. glabrata (3.2%), C. rugosa (1.05%), C. lipolytica (1.05%), and C. dubliniensis (0.53%). When VVC risk factors were considered, there were significant risk factors with age group 30-34 years (33.3%, odds ratio=2.1) and age group  ≥35 years (62.5%, odds ratio=10.3), residence in a rural area (39.5 %, OR=3.3), negative emotions (30.2%, OR=2.3), underwear replacement over 1 day (29.3%, OR=4.2), impure cotton underwear (29.4%, OR=4.9), while Condom use and vulvar cleaning before or after sexual life were found to be highly significant protective factors against VVC (p=0.008, 0.03, respectively). Conclusions: Guidelines for the management of VVC syndrome in Yemen should be revised to include a protocol specifically for women over 30 years of age. VVC undoubtedly poses a significant threat to women's reproductive health. Risk factors for VVC are varied, and include ages, health habits, history of the disease, and other aspects. It is necessary to take appropriate measures to avoid risk factors and to help reduce the prevalence of VVC among women of childbearing age.                    Peer Review History: Received: 3 May 2021; Revised: 23 June; Accepted: 30 June, Available online: 15 July 2021 Academic Editor: Dr. Ali Abdullah Al-yahawi, Al-Razi university, Department of Pharmacy, Yemen, [email protected] UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency.  Received file:                Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Dr. Michael Otakhor Erhunmwunse, St. Philomena Catholic Hospital, Nigeria,[email protected] Dr. A.A. Mgbahurike, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, [email protected] Dr. Wadhah Hassan Ali Edrees, Hajja University, Yemen, [email protected]   Similar Articles: VULVOVAGINAL CANDIDIASIS PREVALENCE AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN IN DIFFERENT HOSPITALS IN IBB, YEMEN PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH VULVOVAGINAL CANDIDIASIS DURING PREGNANCY IN SANA'A, YEMEN

scholarly journals PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH VULVOVAGINAL CANDIDIASIS DURING PREGNANCY IN SANA'A, YEMEN

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah AD Al-Rukeimi ◽  
Sameera Mohammad Mahdi Al-Hatami ◽  
Dheya A. AL-Danany ◽  
Hassan Abdulwahab Al-Shamahy ◽  
Raghad Abdullah Ali Al Rukeimi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Vaginal Swabs ◽  
E Mail

Background and objective: Women at pregnancy are further susceptible to vaginal colonization and yeast infection. The responsibility of Candida colonization in the incidence of preterm birth is correctly established. Knowing regional epidemiology and identifying risk factors of preterm birth are important for management and preventive strategies. The aim of the study was to reveal the prevalence of Candida species in vaginal swabs of pregnant women and determine odds ratio of risks for vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). Methods:   Pregnant women attendance routine antenatal visits in Al-Olify –family Center in Sana'a city were registered into a cross-sectional study carried out from June 2018 to March 2019. The laboratory works were carried out in the National Center of Public Laboratories (NCPHL). Samples of vaginal swabs were taken from contributors after obtaining oral consent. The classification of the Candida species was done by culture on HiCrome Candida Differential Agar at 35 °C for 48 h for making of species-specific colors. Data of demographic, clinical and risk factors were collected in a pre-designed questionnaire. Results: A total of 190 pregnant women are included. The rate of VVC was 51.6%. Candida albicans accounted for 39.5% and non-Candida albicans accounted for 12.1% of isolates, mainly C. glabrata (4.7%), C. lipolytica (3.2%), and C. famata (2.1%). When VVC risk factors were considered, there were significant risk factors with the age group 20-24 years (61%, odds ratio (OR) = 1.8), first trimester of pregnancy (61.1%, OR = 1.7), Multipara of  parity (61.8%, OR = 1.9), low socioeconomic level (60.1%, OR =2.4), and illiteracy (68%, OR = 2.2). When clinical symptoms were considered, only 86.2% of affected females had clinical signs of VVC. Conclusions: There is a high probable rate of VVC is found among pregnant women in Yemen, undiagnosed and unnoticed; and this highlights the need for health authorities to develop strategies for diagnosing VVC, including vaginal swabs for candidiasis as a routine procedure for all pregnant women. This study also revealed a steady increase in time with a non-C. albicans species  prevalence rate. VVC syndrome management guidelines in Yemen should be revised to include a special protocol for pregnant women. Peer Review History: Received 14 May 2020; Revised 15 June; Accepted 1 July, Available online 15 July 2020 UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.0/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Name: Dr. Michael Otakhor Erhunmwunse Affiliation: BTU – Cottbus, Germany E-mail: [email protected]   Name: Dr. Mohamed Awad Mousnad  Affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, International University of Africa (IUA), Khartoum, Sudan E-mail: [email protected]   Comments of reviewer(s): Similar Articles: TETANUS IMMUNIZATION AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN: COVERAGE RATE AND RATE OF PROTECTION AT TIME OF DELIVERY AN EXHAUSTIVE STATISTIC ON CURRENT MUCOADHESIVE INTRAVAGINAL DRUG DELIVERY METHODOLOGIES

scholarly journals Candida esophagitis: species distribution and risk factors for infection

2008 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 261-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimas Alexandre Kliemann ◽  
Alessandro Comarú Pasqualotto ◽  
Maicon Falavigna ◽  
Thiane Giaretta ◽  
Luiz Carlos Severo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Mixed Infection ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Medical Centre ◽  
Oral Candidosis ◽  
Candida Esophagitis ◽  
Predisposing Conditions

Although Candida albicans is the main cause of fungal esophagitis, other species such as C. tropicalis, C. krusei and C. stellatoidea have also been implicated. Several studies have identified risk factors for C. albicans esophagitis. However, data for non-C. albicans species is still sparse. The aim of this study was to determine the etiology of Candida esophagitis in our medical centre over an 18-month period. Additionally, we aimed to investigate predisposing conditions for esophageal candidosis caused by different Candida species. A total of 21,248 upper gastroscopies were performed in Santa Casa Complexo Hospitalar between January 2005 and July 2006. The prevalence of Candida esophagitis was 0.74% (n = 158). C. albicans caused the vast majority of infections (96.2%), followed by C. tropicalis (2.5%), C. lusitaniae (0.6%) and C. glabrata (0.6%). There were 81 women (51.3%) and 77 men (48.7%). No case of mixed infection occurred. Concomitant oral candidosis was documented for 10.8% (n = 17). Most of cases (55.1%) involved outpatients. Around one fifth of patients in our cohort had no identifiable risk factors for esophageal candidosis (20.8%). Since nearly all infections were caused by C. albicans we were not able to determine risk factors for esophagitis caused by other Candida species.

scholarly journals THE PREVALENCE OF VULVOVAGINAL CANDIDIASIS IN PREGNANT WOMEN ATTENDING SEVERAL HOSPITALS IN SANA’A, YEMEN

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulrahman Humaid ◽  
Saeed M Alghalibi ◽  
Anes Al-Mahbashi ◽  
Aml AL-Arossi ◽  
Wadhah Hassan Edrees
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Vaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
E Mail

Candida species are opportunistic yeasts affecting the genitourinary tract which causes the vulvovaginal candidiasis in the most female especially in developing countries. This study aims to determine the prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis caused by Candida species causing among pregnant women in Sana'a City, Yemen. This study was carried out at the department of microbiology of AL-Kuwait University Hospital. 250 vaginal swabs were collected and cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar. Candida species identification and antifungal susceptibility testing were determined according to standard microbiological methods. The results showed that out of 250 samples, 63(25.2%) were positive for Candida species. It was found that the C. albicans (68.3%) was the most common species isolated followed by non-albicans species that are C. tropicalis (20.6%), C. glabrata (6.3%), and C. kefyr (4.8%). Also, it was recorded that the highest prevalence of Candida species was within group aged of 36-46 year. Susceptibility tests revealed that the most isolated species of C. andida were sensitive to nystatin (95%). miconazole was the next effective drug with 64% sensitive followed by amphotericin B (29%) and clotrimazole (24%). But only 6% of the isolates were sensitive to fluconazole. It can be concluded that the vulvovaginal candidiasis are quite common in Yemen country with a high prevalence. Also, the nystatin remains the effective agent against all isolated of Candida species. In contrast, the increase resistance of Candida species to fluconazole that commonly used antifungal is an alarming increase of vaginal candidiasis caused by antifungal-resistant Candida species. Peer Review History: UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.0/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Name: Dr. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy Affiliation: Sana'a University, Yemen E-mail: [email protected]   Name: Dr. Tamer Mohamed Ali El Habibi Affiliation: Suez Canal University, Egypt. E-mail: [email protected]   Name: Rola Jadallah Affiliation: Arab American University, Palestine E-mail: [email protected] Comments of reviewer(s): Similar Articles: AN EXHAUSTIVE STATISTIC ON CURRENT MUCOADHESIVE INTRAVAGINAL DRUG DELIVERY METHODOLOGIES TETANUS IMMUNIZATION AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN: COVERAGE RATE AND RATE OF PROTECTION AT TIME OF DELIVERY

Risk Factors Associated with Vulvovaginal Candidiasis

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna de FREITAS ◽  
Daniela Vasconcellos Dini da Cruz PIRES
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Candida Sp

A candidíase vulvovaginal é uma doença causada pela Cândida sp, na maior parte das vezes a Cândida albicans e Cândida glabrata, e é muito comum entre as mulheres de todo o mundo. Os principais sintomas relatados são prurido intenso, disúria, dispareunia e leucorreia, causando um grande incômodo na região intima feminina. Existem alguns fatores de risco como diabetes mellitus, utilização de contraceptivos orais, utilização de roupas íntimas e gravidez. O médico pode suspeitar sobre o quadro clinico da paciente já no exame clínico e com base nos sintomas descritos por ela, mas é necessário confirmar o diagnóstico. Uma das formas de confirmação de diagnóstico para candidíase vulvovaginal é a microscopia, onde serão observados hifas e esporos. Apesar de ser uma doença muito comum entre as mulheres, é necessário um diagnóstico correto para um tratamento eficaz.

scholarly journals ORAL CANDIDA ALBICANS COLONIZATION RATE IN FIXED ORTHODONTICS PATIENTS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussein Mohammad Shoga Al-deen ◽  
Ahmed Ali Obeyah ◽  
Hassan Abdulwahab Al-Shamahy ◽  
Ibrahim Zaid Al-Shami ◽  
Manal Ahmad Saleh AL-amri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Oral Rinse ◽  
Orthodontic Patients ◽  
Oral Candida ◽  
E Mail

Objectives:  The objective of this study was to assess the oral Candida albicans colonization ( OCAC)  in a cluster of teenagers and young adults while being treated with a fixed orthodontic appliance (FOA). Subjects and methods:  The investigational group was selected from orthodontic patients whom were examined clinically as soon as to get baseline information before active treatment.  The cluster included 210 patients; 45 males, 165 females (mean age 21.6 ± 4.5 years).  Clinical, demographic data and risk factors were collected in standard questionnaire then each individual was directed to carry out oral wash by a phosphate-buffered saline solution, which was expectorated and processed intended for the isolation of Candida species on Sabouraud’s dextrose agar. The isolated Candida species were identifying by culturing on chromogenic Candida agar and notice species-specific colony natures. Results:  The predominant Candida species isolated was C. albicans with OCAC rate equal to 13.8% extensively enhanced after the insertion of a FOA, as revealed by the oral rinse (P < 0.05) techniques. The results also revealed an increase of OCAC in male patients (24.4%) than female patients (10.9%),   21-25 years patients (17.1%), and regular smoking and Qat chewing were significant associated risk factors (OR=28.6, OR=10.7 respectively , P < 0.0001).  There was no significant association between C. albicans  colonization with oral hygiene in fixed Orthodontic patients. Conclusion:  As a whole, the current data suggest that the introduction of FOA is likely to promote OCAC. Moreover, it becomes visible that the routine oral hygiene procedures performed by these patients may not necessarily reduce OCAC while smoking and chewing Qat habits significantly increased OCAC in FOA. Also smoking and Qat chewing during FOA treatment should be banned if potential harmful effects are to be prevented. Further work with a larger sample size is required to confirm or deny these results. Peer Review History: Received 27 March 2019; Revised 20 April; Accepted 8 May, Available online 15 May 2020 UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.0/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Name: Dr. A.A. Mgbahurike Affiliation: University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria E-mail: [email protected]   Name: Dr. Tamer Mohamed Ali El Habibi Affiliation: Suez Canal University, Egypt E-mail: [email protected]   Comments of reviewer(s): Similar Articles: ORAL C. ALBICANS COLONIZATION AND NON-CANDIDA ALBICANS CANDIDA COLONIZATION AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS, YEMEN PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS OF ORAL NON-CANDIDA ALBICANS CANDIDA CARRIAGE IN DENTURE WEARERS IN SANA'A CITY- YEMEN  

scholarly journals Factors associated with non-vaccination against measles among 12-23 months old children in Yirgachefe district of SNNPR, Ethiopia, 2016

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luna Habtamu Degife ◽  
Yoseph Worku ◽  
Muse Tadesse
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

Abstract Immunization is an effective and proven tool for controlling and eliminating life-threatening vaccine preventable infectious diseases. In Ethiopia 5% of childhood mortalities are due to measles. In 2015, 85% of children had received 1 dose of measles vaccine by their second birthday. Despite the availability of a safe and effective vaccine, measles outbreaks secondary to non-vaccination are occurring in southern Ethiopia especially in Yirgachefe district.This study was done to assess the risk factors associated with non-vaccination against measles. A Community-based unmatched case control study was conducted in Yirgachefe district from December 1-31, 2016.Cases were defined as children in the age group of 12- 23 months of age who did not take measles vaccination. The study was done in 6 randomly selected kebeles and cases and controls were selected randomly by probability proportional to size sampling. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection and data was analyzed by using Epi info version 7 and SPSS version 20. Statistical significance was interpreted using Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval and P value <0.05. A total of 320 individuals (107 cases and 214 controls) were approached for interview with a response rate of 93.75%. Of the cases, 57% were males and more than half fall in the 12-18 months age group. Lack of Ante Natal Care follow up (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) =3.57; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.22-10.44), lack of knowledge on the importance of vaccination, who should be vaccinated and if measles is contagious with an AOR and CI of (AOR=6.81; 95% CI: 1.56-29.64), (AOR=4.29; 95% CI: 1.83-10.04) and (AOR=8.97; 95%CI: 3.15-25.58) respectively were independent risk factors. Lack of ANC follow up, lack of knowledge about who should get vaccinated, the importance of vaccination and contagiousness of the disease were identified as risk factors for non-vaccination against measles. Education and awareness about measles and its immunization should be given to the community. Additionally, ANC follow up should also be strengthened.

scholarly journals VULVOVAGINAL CANDIDIASIS PREVALENCE AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN IN DIFFERENT HOSPITALS IN IBB, YEMEN

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wadhah Hassan Edrees ◽  
Amin Abdo Al-Asbahi ◽  
Wadee Abdullah Al-Shehari ◽  
Eglal Ahmed Qasem
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Review Reports ◽  
Anti Fungal ◽  
E Mail

Background and aims: Candida species are opportunistic yeasts that affect the genital urinary tract that causes vulvovaginal candidiasis in the most females, particularly in developing countries. This work aims to find the prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis among pregnant women in Ibb, Yemen. Material and methods: Two hundred and eighteen samples of females attending outpatient obstetrics and gynecology clinics were chosen from several hospitals (Al-Thawra, Maternity and Childhood Center, Maternal Reproductive Health Center, and Nasser General Hospital) located in Ibb, from December 2019 to March 2020. The laboratory works were performed in the microbiology department of Al-Thawra Hospital, Ibb. Vaginal swabs were cultivated on Sabouraud dextrose agar, then the species of Candida identification and anti-fungal sensitivity tests were performed regarding the standard procedure of microbiology. Results: The findings revealed that out of 218 cases, 134 (61.5%) were infected with Candida species, and the rate of candidiasis was higher among women coming from rural areas than among women in urban areas; and in the age group 28-37 years. C. albicans (61.2%) were the most prevalent species followed by C. tropicalis (21.64%), C. glabrata (11.19%), and C. kefyr (5.97%). Susceptibility tests showed that the most isolated Candida species were sensitive to nystatin (94.8), fluconazole (91.04%), amphotericin B (88.80%), voriconazole (78.35%), clotrimazole (75.37%), ketoconazole (73.13%), and itraconazole (69.40%). Conclusion: It can be concluded that Candida vaginitis is very common among pregnant women, and the tested anti-fungal agents continue to be effective against all isolates of Candida species. In contrast, there was a slight increase resistant against itraconazole, ketoconazole, clotrimazole, and voriconazole which raises concern about a rise in Candida species that are resistant to these drugs. Peer Review History: Received 27 June 2020; Revised 15 July; Accepted 12 August, Available online 15 September 2020 UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.5/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Name: Ashwaq Ali Hezam Al-Arossi Affiliation: Sana'a University, Yemen E-mail: [email protected]   Name: Prof. Dr. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy Affiliation: Sana'a University, Yemen E-mail: [email protected]   Name: Dr. (Mrs) Amaka A. Mgbahurike Affiliation: University of PortHarcourt, Nigeria E-mail: [email protected]   Comments of reviewer(s): Similar Articles: PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH VULVOVAGINAL CANDIDIASIS DURING PREGNANCY IN SANA'A, YEMEN TETANUS IMMUNIZATION AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN: COVERAGE RATE AND RATE OF PROTECTION AT TIME OF DELIVERY

scholarly journals Tipping the Scales: Population Estimates and Risk Factors for Severe Thinness, Thinness, Overweight and Obesity Among Pregnant Women and Mothers in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 975-975
Author(s):  
Konsam Dinachandra Singh ◽  
Tashi Choedon ◽  
Arti Bhanot ◽  
Naman Kaur ◽  
Mansi Chopra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Wealth Quintile ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Factors Associated

Abstract Objectives Thinness and overweight/obesity are prevalent among women of reproductive age in India but there is limited evidence on the burden and predictors of this during pregnancy and post-partum. We estimated prevalence and risk factors for thinness and overweight among pregnant and recently delivered women (RDW). Methods We used India's National Family Health Survey (2015–2016), including 16,153 pregnant women &lt;20 weeks of gestation and 19,430 RDW of 2–6-month-old infants. All women were classified as severe thin (ST), thin (TH), overweight (OV) or obese (OB) (body mass index, BMI &lt;16, &lt;18.5, ≥23 and ≥25 kg/m2, respectively), using cutoffs for Asian populations. Logistic regression was used to examine associated factors (including socio-demography, hygiene and sanitation, antenatal health services and diet) with those outcomes. Results Barely 40% of women were of normal BMI. ST, TH, OV/OB and OB were seen in 2%, 20%, 25% and 13% respectively among pregnant women, and for RDW, they were 2%, 21%, 24% and 13%. Factors associated with a lower odds of ST and TH among pregnant women and RDW included higher wealth quintile (adjusted odds ratios, AORs ranging from 0.58–0.63 for highest quintile), higher education (AORs: 0.64–0.81), age group ≥25 y (AORs: 0.58–0.83), and improved toilet facility (AOR 0.81). Multiparous pregnant women had higher odds of TH compared to primiparas (AORs: 1.24–1.31). Factors associated with OV and OB among pregnant women and RDW were belonging in higher socio-economic group (AORs: 1.34–1.53), higher wealth quintile (AORs: 1.56–8.49), age group ≥25 y (AORs: 2.73–5.09), urban residence (AOR 1.16–1.36), and having higher education (AORs: 1.44–1.60). Among RDW, receiving supplementary food and health and nutrition education increased odds of TH (AORs: 1.15) and reduced odds of OV and OB (AORs: 0.83–0.87), but this is likely attributable to selection bias in program use. Conclusions TN and OV/OB affect 1 in 5 pregnant women and 1 in 4 RDW in India. Socio-economic factors, sanitation, parity, education and age influence TN and OV/OB. Better diet and physical activity estimates are needed to understand OV and OB in this population. Given the high burden of both forms of malnutrition, a policy focus on healthy weight gain is essential. Funding Sources UNICEF; Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (via POSHAN).

scholarly journals Clinical patterns and risk factors of vulvo-vaginal candidiasis among women of reproductive age attending a tertiary hospital in central India

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
Rafat Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Vaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Clinical Criteria

Vulvo-vaginal Candidiasis (VVC) is the most common fungal infection in women of reproductive age. Data related to distribution and risk factors are very limited in India. This study was designed to observe the prevalence of VVC among women of reproductive age group, find the species of Candida causing such infection and find the risk factors associated with VVC. All female patients in the childbearing age group, fulfilling the clinical criteria of vaginitis, reported between January 2016 and June 2017 were included in this study. Standard procedures were followed to collect vaginal swabs. Culture and microscopic examinations were done to isolate Candida albicans and non-albicans Candida (NAC) from the specimens. Descriptive and analytic statistics was used to illustrate the basic and disease characteristics of the study participants. The odds-ratio (OR) associated with each potential risk factor at 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. All results were considered significant at P<0.05. Out of total 168 subjects, 32.7% showed pure growth of Candida species and NAC species were found to be predominant (65.4%) followed by C. albicans (34.6%). Maximum Candida positivity was found in age group 21-30 years (60%) compared to other age groups (P<0.05). Candida positivity was found to be higher among pregnant (45.0%) than non-pregnant (28.9%) women (P<0.05) suggests that pregnant women are twice at odds for developing VVC as compared to non-pregnant women. The higher positivity in patients of vaginal discharge with pruritus was found to be statistically significant (P<0.05). One in three patients was found to be positive for VVC and NAC was more prevalent as compared to candida albicans. This study concluded that pregnant women are at risk for VVC. Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.9(1) 2019: 27-31

scholarly journals Epidemiologic Features of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis in Women of Childbearing Age in a Combined Military Hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
Syed Nurun Nabi ◽  
Md Rahimgir ◽  
Arif Ahmed Khan ◽  
Kaniz Fatema
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Introduction: Vulvovaginal Candidiasis is a reproductive tract infection which remains a common cause of morbidity adversely affecting women’s physical and emotional health. Vaginal discharge in the childbearing age group is the most common complaint encountered every day both by gynaecologists and general practitioners. Among the cases of symptomatic vaginal discharge, Bacterial vaginosis is the commonest cause followed by Candidiasis and Trichomoniasis. It is characterized by curd-like vaginal discharge and itching and is associated with considerable health and economic costs. Objective: To detect the prevalence of Candida species in patients with complaints of vaginal discharge of reproductive age group attending at Child Welfare Centre (CWC), Gynaecology Outpatient Department (GOPD) and Medical Inspection Room (MI Room) of Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Ghatail. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at CMH Ghatail during the period of April 2017 to October 2017. A total of 183 patients of reproductive age group with the complaints of vaginal discharge attending CWC, GOPD and MI Room of CMH Ghatail were included in this study. Two specimens of High Vaginal Swabs (HVS) were collected from each patient, one for direct microscopy and another for culture. For every patient, two wet film preparations and two Gram’s staining were done. Specimens were cultured on Blood Agar Medium and Sabourad’s Dextrose Agar Medium. Identification of Candida species was carried out by Wet film, Gram’s staining and culture examination. Results: According to the results of this study, the prevalence of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (VVC) was found in 57(31.15%) of the cases. The maximum number of patients 126(66.66%) were found between 26 years to 35 years of age group. On the other hand, amongst 57 VVC positive cases, 44(77.19%)were identified as Candida albicans and 13(22.81%) were Candida non-albicans. Conclusion: Candida albicans is the predominant organism amongst candida species identified from VVC in this study. The high prevalence necessitates adequate screening of woman with vaginal discharge in order to give appropriate treatment and to avoid complications associated with it. Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.13(1) 2017: 13-16

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