Pathogenicity of entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae to white grubs Holotrichia serrata

Soil insect pests are the major productivity constrains of different crops among which white grubs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), both adult and larval stages, are extremely destructive in nature. Laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate the virulence of an indigenous and a commercial strain of the entomopathogenic fungi, Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorokin, against white grubs species Chiloloba acuta by applying the dipping method at Entomology Division, NARC, Nepal. Third instars larvae of C. acuta were dipped in suspensions of indigenous and commercial strains (Pacer) of M. anisopliae at different concentrations ranging from 3.33×104 to 1.04×108 spores/ml for 3-5 seconds which resulted in 97.8% and 89% mortalities with the highest dose of 1.04×108 spores/ml 40 days after inoculation (DAI), respectively. The LC50 values for indigenous and commercial strain were 3.5×105 and 1.88×106 spores/ml, respectively, with the potency of 1:0.28 at 40 DAI. Bioassays were conducted in completely randomized design. From results it is concluded that the tested strains of entomopathogenic fungi have potential as microbial control agents in managing white grubs in laboratory and it is suggested to be tested under farmers field condition.

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Microbial control of white grubs with entomopathogenic fungi and its value in integrated pest management (IPM) in Nepal

Tribhuvan University Journal ◽

10.3126/tuj.v24i1.270 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 31-36

Author(s):

Yubak Dhoj G. C. ◽

Siegried Keller ◽

Peter Nagel

Keyword(s):

Pest Management ◽

Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽

Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽

Entomopathogenic Fungus ◽

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Microbial Control ◽

White Grubs ◽

First Results ◽

Crop Disease ◽

Future Work

With an objective to explore the possibility of biocontrol of white grubs using entomopathogenic fungi, an exploratory tudy was conducted in the Syangja and Parbat districts in nepal in the winter of 2001/2002. In order to explore the occurrence of indigenous fungal pathogens of white grubs, field and laboratory experiments were carried out and information were collected from all available sources. Upon collection of the white grubs the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae was found to be associated with white grubs in fields with arable crop. Disease prevalence was between ) and 2% depending on host origin and species. Bioassays revealed that the Nepalese isolates of this fungus species were as pathogenic as a Swiss isolate used for comparison purposes. Therefore, Future work will be done exclusively with Nepalese isolates. Analysis of soils from three different regions showed that M. anisopliae is common and was present in about 50% of the samples irrespective of their origin. However, the fungus densities were low. Another entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana, was isolated as well from a few soil samples. Based on these first results, the possibilities to develop mycoinsecticides and to integrate them into existing pest management (IMP) systems are considered as very promising. In the meantime a project funded by Helvetas has been initiated at Tribhuvan University (TU), Institute of Agriculture and Animal Sciences (IAAS), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal. Key words: Biological control, entomopathogenic fungi, Metarhizium anisopliae, Scarabaeidae, white grubs, Nepal.

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Phenotypic, molecular, and virulence characterization of entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana (Balsam) Vuillemin, and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschn.) Sorokin from soil samples of Ethiopia for the development of mycoinsecticide

Heliyon ◽

10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07091 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. e07091

Author(s):

Amha Gebremariam ◽

Yonas Chekol ◽

Fassil Assefa

Keyword(s):

Beauveria Bassiana ◽

Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽

Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽

Soil Samples

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On the virulence of the entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae (Ascomycota: Hypocreales), against the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control ◽

10.1186/s41938-021-00428-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad Shehzad ◽

Muhammad Tariq ◽

Tariq Mukhtar ◽

Asim Gulzar

Keyword(s):

Sex Ratio ◽

Beauveria Bassiana ◽

Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽

Plutella Xylostella ◽

Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Diamondback Moth ◽

Economic Damage ◽

Offspring Sex Ratio ◽

Development Of Resistance

Abstract Background The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), is a noxious pest of cruciferous crops all over the world causing serious economic damage. Management of insect pest generally depends on chemical control; however, due to development of resistance against all types of insecticides, alternative approaches especially utilization of a microbial agent is inevitable. Results Potential of 2 entomopathogenic fungi (EPF), viz., Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae, was evaluated against 2nd and 3rd larval instars of P. xylostella by adopting leaf dip and direct spraying methods under laboratory conditions. Significant mortality rate was achieved by each fungus under adopted methodologies. However, B. bassiana was found to be more effective in both conditions than M. anisopliae. Highest mean corrected mortality (77.80%) was recorded, when spores of B. bassiana were sprayed on the 2nd instar larvae (LC50=1.78×104/ml) after the 6th day of treatment. Similarly, incase of M. anisopliae LC50 for the 2nd instar at the same methodology was 2.78×104/ml with a mortality percentage of 70.0%. Offspring sex ratio was non-significantly related to treatment concentration and methodology, except for the control. Conclusion Beauveria bassiana and M. anisopliae had potential to suppress P. xylostella infestations when applied appropriately. Present findings suggested that B. bassiana and M. anisopliae when sprayed on immatures of host insect had more effect as compared to leaf dip procedure. Furthermore, no significant effect of concentrations was observed on sex ratio.

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Growth of entomopathogenic fungi colonies Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) Sorokin enriched with termite juice

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/667/1/012084 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 667 (1) ◽

pp. 012084

Author(s):

N Anggraini ◽

S Suhartono ◽

A Alfizar ◽

H Husni ◽

S Rusdiana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽

Metarhizium Anisopliae

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Entomopathogenic fungi as the microbial frontline against the alien Eucalyptus pest Gonipterus platensis in Brazil

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-86638-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Carolina Jordan ◽

Paula Leite dos Santos ◽

Leiliane Rodrigues dos Santos Oliveira ◽

Mauricio Magalhães Domingues ◽

Bianca Cristina Costa Gêa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽

Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽

Natural Variation ◽

Fungal Strains ◽

Conidial Production ◽

Laboratory Conditions ◽

Virulent Strains ◽

Eucalyptus Plantations ◽

Infected Adult

AbstractThe eucalyptus snout beetle (ESB), Gonipterus platensis, is endemic to Australia but has become a major invasive, destructive pest of Brazilian eucalyptus plantations. Efforts to develop insecticides based on entomopathogenic fungi against ESB are limited by the lack of known virulent strains. We therefore explored the virulence of indigenous Brazilian strains of major entomopathogenic fungi—Beauveria spp. and Metarhizium anisopliae—against ESB adults. We found widely varying virulence and later capacities for conidial production on infected adult cadavers. Two strains stood out, B. bassiana IBCB-240 and M. anisopliae IBCB-364, as especially lethal for ESB adults under laboratory conditions, sporulated abundantly on infected insects, and also outperformed comparable strains used in commercial mycoinsecticides. Notably, B. bassiana IBCB-240 exhibited lower LT50 values at low inoculum levels (≤ 107 conidia mL−1) and smaller LC50 values than M. anisopliae IBCB-364. Taken together, this study emphasizes natural variation in virulence among indigenous Beauveria and Metarhizium strains against ESB adults and identifies fungal strains with superior lethality to existing commercialized strains for managing this eucalyptus pest in Brazil.

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Ecology of the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae in temperate agroecosystems: Potential for conservation biological control

Biological Control ◽

10.1016/j.biocontrol.2007.07.007 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 145-155 ◽

Cited By ~ 267

Author(s):

Nicolai V. Meyling ◽

Jørgen Eilenberg

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Beauveria Bassiana ◽

Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽

Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽

Conservation Biological Control

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Evaluating the virulence of Metarhizium anisopliae (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) and Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) isolates to Arabian rhinoceros beetle, Oryctes agamemnon arabicus

Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research ◽

10.4081/jear.2015.5180 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 117 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M.W. Khudhair ◽

M.Z. Khalaf ◽

H.F. Alrubeai ◽

A.K. Shbar ◽

B.S. Hamad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Beauveria Bassiana ◽

Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽

Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽

Pupal Stage ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Rhinoceros Beetle ◽

Oryctes Agamemnon ◽

Lethal Time ◽

Short Time

Virulence of entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana were tested against Arabian Rhinoceros Beetle, Oryctes agamemnon arabicus larvae. Four concentrations (1×105, 1×107, 1×109 and 1×1011 conidia/mL–1) of two locally isolated entomopathogenic fungi spore suspensions were used in this study via larval direct spraying. Results revealed that both isolates can cause high mortality rate reaching 100% after 29 days. However, Beauveria bassiana scored higher mortality rate in short time especially at the concentration of 1×1011 conidia/ mL–1 with lethal time (LT)50 12.75 and LT90 20.00; while, Metarhizium anisopliae caused the higher percentage of malformed adults. Moreover, both isolates affected insect’s life cycle particularly in the pupal stage which was reduced remarkably by almost 50% in comparison with the control treatment.

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Effect of Biofertilizers and Neem Oil on the Entomopathogenic Fungi Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorok

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology ◽

10.1590/s1516-89132001000400013 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 44 (4) ◽

pp. 419-423 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Edson Hirose ◽

Pedro M. O. J. Neves ◽

João A. C. Zequi ◽

Luís H. Martins ◽

Cristiane H. Peralta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Beauveria Bassiana ◽

Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽

Azadirachta Indica ◽

Organic Agriculture ◽

Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽

Neem Oil ◽

Colony Diameter ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Fungitoxic Effect

The in vitro fungitoxic effect of three biofertilizers, E.M.-4, Multibion Ô and Supermagro used in organic agriculture and the neem oil (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) on the entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana was studied. These products were mixed in a medium where the two fungi were inoculated, and germination, vegetative growth and conidiogenesis were assessed. The biofertilizers Supermagro and E.M.- 4 showed to be less toxic for the two fungi whereas MultibionÔ caused major inhibition on M. anisopliae, with reductions in germination (-37.74%), colony diameter (-30.26%) and conidiogenesis (-42.62%). Neem oil promoted a larger negative effect on B. bassiana, inhibiting germination (-45.27%), colony diameter (-36.62%) and conidiogenesis (-84.93%).

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