scholarly journals Trigeminal ganglion involvement in sarcoidosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-441
Author(s):  
Jairo Silva Dos Ângelos ◽  
Guilherme Brasileiro De Aguiar ◽  
Edgar Manuel Garcete Fariña ◽  
Maud Parise ◽  
Alexandre Martins Cunha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
Corticosteroid Treatment ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Gasserian Ganglion ◽  
The Right

Sarcoidosis is a disease of unknown etiology presenting as noncaseating granulomatous infiltration in tissues. Central Nervous system is rarely affected , usually as dissemination from other organs, mainly lungs. We report on a case in which the patient had only central nervous system involvement, presenting with a mass in the right gasserian ganglion and another lesion in right parietal cortex, observed in magnetic resonance. Diagnosis was given by histopathological study of the lesion and the patient improved with corticosteroid treatment.

Neurosarcoidosis with Intraparenchymal Cystic Lesions

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 810-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.A. Al Hajri ◽  
A.T. Muqim ◽  
T.J.E. Muttikkal
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Cystic Lesions ◽  
Imaging Appearance ◽  
Granulomatous Disorder ◽  
The Right

Sarcoidosis is a chronic multi-system granulomatous disorder of unknown etiology. Central nervous system involvement is relatively uncommon in sarcoidosis. Clinical manifestations and radiological appearances of neurosarcoidosis vary widely depending on the site and activity of the lesions. In most cases, the imaging appearance is nonspecific. We report a very rare case of extensive neurosarcoidosis with progressively enlarging cystic lesions in the right temporal lobe.

scholarly journals Acute exudative polymorphous paraneoplastic vitelliform maculopathy (AEPPVM) associated with choroidal melanoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aluisio Rosa Gameiro Filho ◽  
Guilherme Sturzeneker ◽  
Ever Ernesto Caso Rodriguez ◽  
André Maia ◽  
Melina Correia Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Serous Retinal Detachment ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
Choroidal Melanoma ◽  
Posterior Pole ◽  
Pancreatic Metastasis ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background To report a case of acute exudative polymorphous paraneoplastic vitelliform maculopathy in a patient with a history of choroidal melanoma, with metastases to the pancreas, liver, and central nervous system. Case presentation A 63-year-old patient, with a history of enucleation of the right eye due to choroidal melanoma, complained of progressive visual loss during a follow-up visit. Fundoscopic examination revealed multiple small areas of serous retinal detachment scattered throughout the posterior pole and ancillary tests confirmed the diagnosis of acute exudative polymorphous paraneoplastic vitelliform maculopathy (AEPPVM). Screening for systemic metastases showed pancreatic, hepatic, and central nervous system involvement. Conclusions We describe a rare case of acute exudative polymorphous paraneoplastic vitelliform maculopathy, which should be considered in patients with or without a history of melanoma, who have vitelliform retinal detachments. Nevertheless, no previous reviews of literature have shown a correlation between AEPPVM and pancreatic metastasis.

scholarly journals Central nervous system abnormalities on midline facial defects with hypertelorism detected by magnetic resonance image and computed tomography

2006 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 916-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Lúcia Gil-da-Silva-Lopes ◽  
Silvio David Araújo Giffoni
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Image ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Group I ◽  
Facial Defects ◽  
Cns Anomalies

The aim of this study were to describe and to compare structural central nervous system (CNS) anomalies detected by magnetic resonance image (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) in individuals affected by midline facial defects with hypertelorism (MFDH) isolated or associated with multiple congenital anomalies (MCA). The investigation protocol included dysmorphological examination, skull and facial X-rays, brain CT and/or MRI. We studied 24 individuals, 12 of them had an isolated form (Group I) and the others, MCA with unknown etiology (Group II). There was no significative difference between Group I and II and the results are presented in set. In addition to the several CNS anomalies previously described, MRI (n=18) was useful for detection of neuronal migration errors. These data suggested that structural CNS anomalies and MFDH seem to have an intrinsic embryological relationship, which should be taken in account during the clinical follow-up.

Peripheral neuropathies and motor neuron disorders

2017 ◽  
pp. 871-878
Author(s):  
Stéphane Mathis ◽  
Jean-Michel Vallat
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
Nerve Biopsy ◽  
Motor Disorder ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathies ◽  
The Right ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Peripheral nervous system disorders are common in older people. Most peripheral neuropathies are secondary to metabolic (diabetes) or toxic causes (medications, alcohol), but several other aetiologies are possible, requiring clinical, electrophysiological, biological, and sometimes pathological (nerve biopsy) examinations to make the right diagnosis and instigate effective treatments. However, despite using this strategy, no cause is found in some axonal polyneuropathies, leading to the concept of chronic idiopathic axonal polyneuropathy (CIAP). Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) affects the peripheral nervous system, but is also characterized by central nervous system involvement: it is a strictly motor disorder affecting both the first and second motor neurons, usually presenting during the sixth or seventh decade. This rapidly progressive, still incurable neurodegenerative disease leads to death in all cases.

scholarly journals Large and Small Cerebral Vessel Involvement in Severe COVID-19

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 3719-3722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuela Keller ◽  
Giovanna Brandi ◽  
Sebastian Winklhofer ◽  
Lukas L. Imbach ◽  
Daniel Kirschenbaum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Cerebrovascular Disorders ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
Resonance Imaging

Background and Purpose: Case series indicating cerebrovascular disorders in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been published. Comprehensive workups, including clinical characteristics, laboratory, electroencephalography, neuroimaging, and cerebrospinal fluid findings, are needed to understand the mechanisms. Methods: We evaluated 32 consecutive critically ill patients with COVID-19 treated at a tertiary care center from March 9 to April 3, 2020, for concomitant severe central nervous system involvement. Patients identified underwent computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, electroencephalography, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and autopsy in case of death. Results: Of 32 critically ill patients with COVID-19, 8 (25%) had severe central nervous system involvement. Two presented with lacunar ischemic stroke in the early phase and 6 with prolonged impaired consciousness after termination of analgosedation. In all but one with delayed wake-up, neuroimaging or autopsy showed multiple cerebral microbleeds, in 3 with additional subarachnoid hemorrhage and in 2 with additional small ischemic lesions. In 3 patients, intracranial vessel wall sequence magnetic resonance imaging was performed for the first time to our knowledge. All showed contrast enhancement of vessel walls in large cerebral arteries, suggesting vascular wall pathologies with an inflammatory component. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions for SARS-CoV-2 in cerebrospinal fluid were all negative. No intrathecal SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG synthesis was detectable. Conclusions: Different mechanisms of cerebrovascular disorders might be involved in COVID-19. Acute ischemic stroke might occur early. In a later phase, microinfarctions and vessel wall contrast enhancement occur, indicating small and large cerebral vessels involvement. Central nervous system disorders associated with COVID-19 may lead to long-term disabilities. Mechanisms should be urgently investigated to develop neuroprotective strategies.

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