scholarly journals Central nervous system abnormalities on midline facial defects with hypertelorism detected by magnetic resonance image and computed tomography

2006 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 916-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Lúcia Gil-da-Silva-Lopes ◽  
Silvio David Araújo Giffoni
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Image ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Group I ◽  
Facial Defects ◽  
Cns Anomalies

The aim of this study were to describe and to compare structural central nervous system (CNS) anomalies detected by magnetic resonance image (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) in individuals affected by midline facial defects with hypertelorism (MFDH) isolated or associated with multiple congenital anomalies (MCA). The investigation protocol included dysmorphological examination, skull and facial X-rays, brain CT and/or MRI. We studied 24 individuals, 12 of them had an isolated form (Group I) and the others, MCA with unknown etiology (Group II). There was no significative difference between Group I and II and the results are presented in set. In addition to the several CNS anomalies previously described, MRI (n=18) was useful for detection of neuronal migration errors. These data suggested that structural CNS anomalies and MFDH seem to have an intrinsic embryological relationship, which should be taken in account during the clinical follow-up.

Imaging of CNS Fungal Infections: Review Article

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 872-885
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Fungal infections of the central nervous system (CNS) are usually identified in immunocompromised patients but rare in immunocompetent hosts. The clinical and imaging manifestations are mainly influenced by types of fungal pathogen and immune status of the patients. The CNS fungal infections can develop through hematogenous dissemination from primary site of infection, cerebrospinal fluid seeding, or direct extension from adjacent sources of infection. Fungal infections can result in meningitis, meningoencephalitis, cerebritis, granuloma, or abscess formation, which imaging findings are often non-specific and difficult to distinguish from bacterial or tuberculous infection, non-infectious inflammatory disease, or even intracranial neoplasm. Vascular complications including vasculitis, cerebral infarction, or mycotic aneurysm are commonly present due to angioinvasion of fungal hyphae. In addition, some characteristic imaging features of fungal infections can be identified by computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), such as intracavitary projections in fungal abscesses and gelatinous pseudocysts in cryptococcosis that could help suggest the diagnosis. Recognizing the imaging findings of common intracranial fungal infections combined with appropriate clinical setting is crucial for allowing early diagnosis and leading to early specific treatment. The present article reviewed common imaging findings of CNS fungal infections and distinct imaging features of specific pathogens. Keywords: Fungal infection, Brain abscess, Cryptococcosis, Central nervous system (CNS), Computed tomography (CT), Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Diagnostic Tests

2018 ◽  
pp. 42-62
Author(s):  
Andrea C. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Csf Analysis ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

The diagnostic tests used most often to evaluate patients who have disease of the central nervous system (CNS) include cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, electroencephalography (EEG), evoked potentials, electromyography (EMG), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These tests should be used to supplement or to extend the clinical examination.

Midline Facial Defects with Hypertelorism and Low-Grade Astrocytoma: A Previously Undescribed Association

2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 748-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvyo David Araújo Giffoni ◽  
Fernando Cendes ◽  
Marcelo Valente ◽  
Vera Lucia Gil-da-Silva-Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Facial Defects ◽  
Median Cleft

We report on a child with midline facial defects with hypertelorism (MFDH), median cleft lip, sphenoidal ventriculocele, partial agenesis of the corpus callosum, and low-grade astrocytoma in the cervicomedullary junction. This combination of findings has not been reported previously. Although this association might be casual, it demonstrates a relationship between disorders of frontonasal process and posterior fossae. It also suggests that individuals with MFDH might require a prospective follow-up with central nervous system magnetic resonance imaging.

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