Extraction and characterization  of humic acid from  plantation’s  solid organic waste composts  Ekstraksi dan karakterisasi asam humat dari kompos limbah padat  organik  perkebunan

Ringkasan Kompos dari limbah padat organik (LPO) perkebunan memiliki kandungan asam humat yang relatif tinggi. Namun, metode ekstraksi dan karakteristik asam humat asal kompos tersebut belum banyak diteliti. Oleh karena itu suatu rangkaian penelitian dilakukan dengan tujuan memperoleh paket teknologi ekstraksi dan menetapkan karakteristik asam humat asal kompos tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS), kulit buah kakao (KBK), dan sisa pangkasan teh (SPT). Pengomposan dilakukan melalui tahapan pengumpulan limbah organik padat perkebunan, pencacahan, pencampuran dengan bioaktivator, inkubasi dan pemanenan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode ekstraksi konvensional dengan larutan NaOH dalam atmosfer udara dapat digunakan untuk ekstraksi skala semi pilot. Jumlah asam humat yang dihasilkan dari kompos asal TKKS dan SPT lebih banyak apabila dibandingkan dengan asam humat asal kompos KBK. Waktu inkubasi pengomposan dan metode ekstraksi dengan gas N2 atau udara yang digunakan tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap perolehan asam humat. Pemurnian asam humat asal ketiga jenis LPO perkebunan dengan menggunakan kolom Sephadex G-50 mengindikasikan bahwa asam humat asal kompos TKKS, KBK, dan SPT tersebut memiliki fraksi bobot molekul rendah serta didominasi oleh asam amino aspartat dan glutamat. Konsentrasi asam amino dan senyawa karboksilat tertinggi terdeteksi pada asam humat asal kompos SPT. Summary The plantation’s solid organic waste (SOW) composts contain relatively high humic acid (HA) substances. However, there is little information on extraction and characteristics of HA from the SOW-originated composts. An investigation has been conducted to determine extraction and characterisation of HA from empty fruit bunches of oil palm (EFBOP), cocoa pod husks (CPH), and tea cutting residues (TCR). Composting was conducted using the method that involved SOW collection, shredding, mixing with bioactivator, incubation, and harvesting. The results showed that conventional extraction method using NaOH solution under air atmosphere could be used for pilot scale extraction of humic acids (Has). Amount of humic acid from EFBOP and TCR were higher than that of CPH. The composting period and the extraction method under air or N2 gas were not significantly affected the amount of the humid acid obtained. Purification of HA extracted from EFBOP, TCR, and CPH composts by using Sephadex G-50 column indicated that EFBOP, TCR, and CPH contained HAs with lower molecular weight fractions and predominated by aspartic and glutamic acids. The highest concentration of amino acids and carboxyl compounds were detected in the TCR-originated compost

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Extraction and characterization of humic acid from plantation’s solid organic waste composts Ekstraksi dan karakterisasi asam humat dari kompos limbah padat organik perkebunan

E-Journal Menara Perkebunan ◽

10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v68i2.141 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 68 (2) ◽

Author(s):

LAKSMITA P.SANTI P SANTI ◽

D H GOENADI ◽

H WIDIASTUTI ◽

N MARDIANA ◽

. ISROI

Keyword(s):

Humic Acid ◽

Extraction Method ◽

Organic Waste ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Empty Fruit Bunches ◽

Air Atmosphere ◽

Naoh Solution ◽

Molecular Weight Fractions ◽

Cocoa Pod Husks

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Characterization of Polyhydroxyalkanoates Produced at Pilot Scale From Different Organic Wastes

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology ◽

10.3389/fbioe.2021.628719 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Laura Lorini ◽

Andrea Martinelli ◽

Giorgio Capuani ◽

Nicola Frison ◽

Maria Reis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Waste ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Organic Wastes ◽

Organic Fraction ◽

Waste Streams ◽

Primary Sludge ◽

Molecular Weights ◽

North East ◽

Mixed Microbial Cultures

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) production at pilot scale has been recently investigated and carried out exploiting different process configurations and organic wastes. More in detail, three pilot platforms, in Treviso (North-East of Italy), Carbonera (North-East of Italy) and Lisbon, produced PHAs by open mixed microbial cultures (MMCs) and different organic waste streams: organic fraction of municipal solid waste and sewage sludge (OFMSW-WAS), cellulosic primary sludge (CPS), and fruit waste (FW), respectively. In this context, two stabilization methods have been applied, and compared, for preserving the amount of PHA inside the cells: thermal drying and wet acidification of the biomass at the end of PHA accumulation process. Afterward, polymer has been extracted following an optimized method based on aqueous-phase inorganic reagents. Several PHA samples were then characterized to determine PHA purity, chemical composition, molecular weight, and thermal properties. The polymer contained two types of monomers, namely 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) and 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) at a relative percentage of 92.6–79.8 and 7.4–20.2 w/w, respectively, for Treviso and Lisbon plants. On the other hand, an opposite range was found for 3HB and 3HV monomers of PHA from Carbonera, which is 44.0–13.0 and 56.0–87.0 w/w, respectively. PHA extracted from wet-acidified biomass had generally higher viscosity average molecular weights (Mv) (on average 424.8 ± 20.6 and 224.9 ± 21.9 KDa, respectively, for Treviso and Lisbon) while PHA recovered from thermally stabilized dried biomass had a three-fold lower Mv.

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Isolation and Physicochemical Characterization of Melanin from Ova of Rana chensinensis

Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy ◽

10.1166/jbmb.2020.2002 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. 651-656

Author(s):

Zhili Sheng ◽

Shiyu Wu ◽

Danyang Wang ◽

Yuhua Wang ◽

Chunhong Piao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Extraction Method ◽

Protein Extraction ◽

Physicochemical Characterization ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Raw Material ◽

Infrared Spectrometry ◽

Rana Chensinensis ◽

Naoh Solution ◽

Development And Utilization

Melanin was widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries. In this study, melanin was isolated from the ova of Rana chensinensis (OORC) by means of enzymatic hydrolysis assisted with NaOH. Infrared spectrometry, elemental analyzer, and UV-VIS absorption spectroscopy were performed to explore optimal protein extraction methods and physicochemical characterization of extracted OORC melanin. The results showed that OORC melanin was mainly composed of amino, hydroxy, C=C, C=O, CH2, CH, and aromatic ring groups. The S:N ratio in the OORC melanin was 0.05, consisting mostly of eumelanin and a little protein. The optimal protein extraction method was 0.66 mol/L NaOH, 40 °C for 87 min, and the suitable ratio of NaOH solution to raw material was 20.7:1. This research was aimed at providing a reference for the development and utilization of melanin.

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Characterization of dissolved organic matter (DOM) extracted from soils by hot water percolation (HWP)

Agrokémia és Talajtan ◽

10.1556/agrokem.59.2010.1.12 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 59 (1) ◽

pp. 99-108 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M. Takács ◽

Gy. Füleky

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Humic Acid ◽

Natural Organic Matter ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Hot Water ◽

Soil Extracts ◽

Water Percolation ◽

Soil Humic Acid

The Hot Water Percolation (HWP) technique for preparing soil extracts has several advantages: it is easily carried out, fast, and several parameters can be measured from the same solution. The object of this study was to examine the possible use of HWP extracts for the characterization of soil organic matter. The HPLC-SEC chromatograms, UV-VIS and fluorescence properties of the HWP extracts were studied and the results were compared with those of the International Humic Substances Society (IHSS) Soil Humic Acid (HA), IHSS Soil Fulvic Acid (FA) and IHSS Suwannee Natural Organic Matter (NOM) standards as well as their HA counterparts isolated by traditional extraction methods from the original soil samples. The DOM of the HWP solution is probably a mixture of organic materials, which have some characteristics similar to the Soil FA fractions and NOM. The HWP extracted organic material can be studied and characterized using simple techniques, like UV-VIS and fluorescence spectroscopy.

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Effect of addition of anaerobic fermented OFMSW (organic fraction of municipal solid waste) on biological nutrient removal (BNR) process: preliminary results

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1998.0078 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 327-334 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

P. Pavan ◽

P. Battistoni ◽

P. Traverso ◽

A. Musacco ◽

F. Cecchi

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Removal ◽

Fermentation Process ◽

Organic Waste ◽

Anaerobic Fermentation ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Biological Nutrient Removal ◽

Organic Fraction ◽

P Release ◽

Pure Methanol ◽

P Removal

The paper presents results coming from experiments on pilot scale plants about the possibility to integrate the organic waste and wastewater treatment cycles, using the light organic fraction produced via anaerobic fermentation of OFMSW as RBCOD source for BNR processes. The effluent from the anaerobic fermentation process, with an average content of 20 g/l of VFA+ lactic acid was added to wastewater to be treated in order to increase RBCOD content of about 60-70 mg/l. The results obtained in the BNR process through the addition of the effluent from the fermentation unit are presented. Significant increase of denitrification rate was obtained: 0.06 KgN-NO3/KgVSS d were denitrified in the best operative conditions studied. -Vmax shows values close to those typical of the pure methanol addition (about 0.3 KgN-NO3/KgVSS d). A considerable P release (35%) was observed in the anaerobic step of the BNR process, even if not yet a completely developed P removal process.

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Adsorption Studies on Magnetic Nanoparticles Functionalized with Silver to Remove Nitrates from Waters

Water ◽

10.3390/w13131757 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (13) ◽

pp. 1757

Author(s):

Yesica Vicente-Martínez ◽

Manuel Caravaca ◽

Antonio Soto-Meca ◽

Miguel Ángel Martín-Pereira ◽

María del Carmen García-Onsurbe

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽

Nitrate Content ◽

Adsorption Efficiency ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Dependent Behavior ◽

Before And After ◽

Naoh Solution ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Interference Studies

This paper presents a novel procedure for the treatment of contaminated water with high concentrations of nitrates, which are considered as one of the main causes of the eutrophication phenomena. For this purpose, magnetic nanoparticles functionalized with silver (Fe3O4@AgNPs) were synthesized and used as an adsorbent of nitrates. Experimental conditions, including the pH, adsorbent and adsorbate dose, temperature and contact time, were analyzed to obtain the highest adsorption efficiency for different concentration of nitrates in water. A maximum removal efficiency of 100% was reached for 2, 5, 10 and 50 mg/L of nitrate at pH = 5, room temperature, and 50, 100, 250 and 500 µL of Fe3O4@AgNPs, respectively. The characterization of the adsorbent, before and after adsorption, was performed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Nitrates can be desorbed, and the adsorbent can be reused using 500 µL of NaOH solution 0.01 M, remaining unchanged for the first three cycles, and exhibiting 90% adsorption efficiency after three regenerations. A deep study on equilibrium isotherms reveals a pH-dependent behavior, characterized by Langmuir and Freundlich models at pH = 5 and pH = 1, respectively. Thermodynamic studies were consistent with physicochemical adsorption for all experiments but showed a change from endothermic to exothermic behavior as the temperature increases. Interference studies of other ions commonly present in water were carried out, enabling this procedure as very selective for nitrate ions. In addition, the method was applied to real samples of seawater, showing its ability to eliminate the total nitrate content in eutrophized waters.

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Enzymatic Extraction and Characterization of Pectin from Cocoa Pod Husks (Theobroma cacao L.) Using Celluclast® 1.5 L

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26051473 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (5) ◽

pp. 1473

Author(s):

Licelander Hennessey-Ramos ◽

Walter Murillo-Arango ◽

Juliana Vasco-Correa ◽

Isabel Cristina Paz Astudillo

Keyword(s):

Acid Content ◽

Galacturonic Acid ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Chemical Extraction ◽

Enzymatic Extraction ◽

Acid Yield ◽

Physicochemical Features ◽

Enzyme Dosage ◽

Cocoa Pod Husks

Cocoa pod husks are a waste generated during the processing of cocoa beans. We aimed to explore the enzymatic extraction of pectin using cellulases. The extraction process was optimized using a central composite design (CCD) and analyzed by response surface methodology (RSM). The parameters optimized were feedstock concentration (%), enzyme dosage (µL/g), and time (h). Three dependent variables were studied: pectin yield (g/100 g dry husk) (R2 = 97.02), galacturonic acid content (g/100 g pectin) (R2 = 96.90), and galacturonic acid yield (g/100 g feedstock) (R2 = 95.35). The optimal parameters were 6.0% feedstock concentration, 40 µL g−1 of enzyme, and 18.54 h, conditions that produced experimentally a pectin yield of 10.20 g/100 g feedstock, 52.06 g galacturonic acid/100 g pectin, and a yield 5.31 g galacturonic acid/100 g feedstock. Using the chemical extraction method, a yield of 8.08 g pectin/100 g feedstock and a galacturonic acid content of 60.97 g/100 g pectin were obtained. Using assisted sonication, a pectin yield of 8.28 g/100 g feedstock and a galacturonic acid content of 42.77 g/100 g pectin were obtained. Enzymatically optimized pectin has rheological and physicochemical features typical of this biomaterial, which provides an interesting alternative for the valorization of cocoa husks.

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