scholarly journals By-passing fluctuation theorems

Quantum ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
Paul Boes ◽  
Rodrigo Gallego ◽  
Nelly H. Y. Ng ◽  
Jens Eisert ◽  
Henrik Wilming
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Quantum Thermodynamics ◽  
Many Body ◽  
Fluctuation Theorems ◽  
Macroscopic States ◽  
Many Body Systems ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Positive Work ◽  
Thermodynamical Processes ◽  
Reduced State

Fluctuation theorems impose constraints on possible work extraction probabilities in thermodynamical processes. These constraints are stronger than the usual second law, which is concerned only with average values. Here, we show that such constraints, expressed in the form of the Jarzysnki equality, can be by-passed if one allows for the use of catalysts---additional degrees of freedom that may become correlated with the system from which work is extracted, but whose reduced state remains unchanged so that they can be re-used. This violation can be achieved both for small systems but also for macroscopic many-body systems, and leads to positive work extraction per particle with finite probability from macroscopic states in equilibrium. In addition to studying such violations for a single system, we also discuss the scenario in which many parties use the same catalyst to induce local transitions. We show that there exist catalytic processes that lead to highly correlated work distributions, expected to have implications for stochastic and quantum thermodynamics.

scholarly journals Time Quasilattices in Dissipative Dynamical Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Flicker
Keyword(s):  
Dynamical Systems ◽  
Discrete Time ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Period Doubling ◽  
Periodic Lattice ◽  
Many Body ◽  
Periodically Driven ◽  
Unit Cells ◽  
Many Body Systems ◽  
Dissipative Dynamical Systems

We establish the existence of ‘time quasilattices’ as stable trajectories in dissipative dynamical systems. These tilings of the time axis, with two unit cells of different durations, can be generated as cuts through a periodic lattice spanned by two orthogonal directions of time. We show that there are precisely two admissible time quasilattices, which we term the infinite Pell and Clapeyron words, reached by a generalization of the period-doubling cascade. Finite Pell and Clapeyron words of increasing length provide systematic periodic approximations to time quasilattices which can be verified experimentally. The results apply to all systems featuring the universal sequence of periodic windows. We provide examples of discrete-time maps, and periodically-driven continuous-time dynamical systems. We identify quantum many-body systems in which time quasilattices develop rigidity via the interaction of many degrees of freedom, thus constituting dissipative discrete ‘time quasicrystals’.

scholarly journals Droplet tilings for rapid exploration of spatially constrained many-body systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (34) ◽  
pp. e2020014118
Author(s):  
Anton Molina ◽  
Shailabh Kumar ◽  
Stefan Karpitschka ◽  
Manu Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Geometric Constraints ◽  
Material Behavior ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Many Body ◽  
Lattice Systems ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Many Body Systems

Geometry in materials is a key concept which can determine material behavior in ordering, frustration, and fragmentation. More specifically, the behavior of interacting degrees of freedom subject to arbitrary geometric constraints has the potential to be used for engineering materials with exotic phase behavior. While advances in lithography have allowed for an experimental exploration of geometry on ordering that has no precedent in nature, many of these methods are low throughput or the underlying dynamics remain difficult to observe directly. Here, we introduce an experimental system that enables the study of interacting many-body dynamics by exploiting the physics of multidroplet evaporation subject to two-dimensional spatial constraints. We find that a high-energy initial state of this system settles into frustrated, metastable states with relaxation on two timescales. We understand this process using a minimal dynamical model that simulates the overdamped dynamics of motile droplets by identifying the force exerted on a given droplet as being proportional to the two-dimensional vapor gradients established by its neighbors. Finally, we demonstrate the flexibility of this platform by presenting experimental realizations of droplet−lattice systems representing different spin degrees of freedom and lattice geometries. Our platform enables a rapid and low-cost means to directly visualize dynamics associated with complex many-body systems interacting via long-range interactions. More generally, this platform opens up the rich design space between geometry and interactions for rapid exploration with minimal resources.

scholarly journals Study of Approximations for Electron?Atom Direct Reactions

1983 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 665 ◽  
Author(s):  
IE McCarthy ◽  
AT Stelbovics
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Electron Scattering ◽  
Experimental Error ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Body System ◽  
Many Body ◽  
Coupled Channels ◽  
Direct Reactions ◽  
Many Body Systems ◽  
Three Body

The electron-hydrogen system is a true three-body system which provides an excellent test for theories of reactions in many-body systems that approximately involve only three-body degrees of freedom. The coupled-channels optical approximation reproduces experimental data in most cases within experimental error. The approximation may be extended to a larger space of coupled channels by various approximations which are tested with the example of 54�42 e V electron scattering on the Is, 2s and 2p space for hydrogen, extended by the addition of 3s and 3p channels. Channels outside this five-state space are treated by including the corresponding polarization potentials.

scholarly journals Contribution of individual degrees of freedom to Lyapunov vectors in many-body systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 236-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.H. Miranda Filho ◽  
M.A. Amato ◽  
Y. Elskens ◽  
T.M. Rocha Filho
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Many Body ◽  
Many Body Systems

REGULAR STRUCTURE OF LOW-LYING STATES FOR ATOMIC NUCLEI UNDER RANDOM INTERACTIONS

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (supp01) ◽  
pp. 304-317
Author(s):  
Y. M. ZHAO
Keyword(s):  
Ground State ◽  
Collective Motion ◽  
Regular Structure ◽  
Positive Parity ◽  
Many Body ◽  
Random Interactions ◽  
Atomic Nuclei ◽  
Many Body Systems

In this paper we review regularities of low-lying states for many-body systems, in particular, atomic nuclei, under random interactions. We shall discuss the famous problem of spin zero ground state dominance, positive parity dominance, collective motion, odd-even staggering, average energies, etc., in the presence of random interactions.

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