scholarly journals HONGOS ENDÓFITOS EN 2 PLANTAS MEDICINALES DEL NORDESTE ARGENTINO. I: ANÁLISIS MORFOTAXONÓMICO DE SUS COMUNIDADES FOLIARES

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Giusiano ◽  
Marinella Rodolfi ◽  
Magdalena Mangiaterra ◽  
Eduardo Piontelli ◽  
Anna Maria Picco
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Aureobasidium Pullulans ◽  
Fusarium Proliferatum ◽  
Cladosporium Cladosporioides ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
Sordaria Fimicola ◽  
Myrothecium Roridum

Se evaluó la presencia de hongos endófitos en hojas de dos plantas medicinales, Acanthospermum australe y Pterocaulon alopecuroides, utilizadas entre otras cosas para tratar infecciones cutáneas. El muestreo se realizó en el entorno rural de dos ciudades del nordeste argentino. Los especimenes fueron recogidos por aborígenes de la zona conocedores de su distribución ambiental. Los hongos se aislaron mediante la técnica de Bisseger et al., 1994 y se identificaron empleando caracteristicas morfofisiológicas. Considerando las dos plantas, se encontraron 40 morfoespecies, donde los taxa más frecuentes en Acanthospermum australe fueron: Alternaria alternata, Aureobasidium pullulans, Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, Myrothecium roridum, Phoma spp. y Sordaria fimícola, y en Pterocaulon alopecuroides fueron: Alternaria alternata, Aureobasidium pullulans, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium proliferatum y Myrothecium roridum. Estos taxas considerados como generalistas (o de múltiples hospedadores), presentan según la literatura específica analizada, alta producción de metabolitos secundarios bioactivos con potenciales capacidades terapéuticas antimicrobianas.

scholarly journals Changes in fungal community composition of biofilms on limestone across a chronosequence in Campeche, Mexico

2016 ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Gómez-Cornelio ◽  
Otto Ortega-Morales ◽  
Alejandro Morón-Ríos ◽  
Manuela Reyes-Estebanez ◽  
Susana De la Rosa-García
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Cladosporium Cladosporioides ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Fusarium Redolens ◽  
Myrothecium Roridum

Antecedentes y Objetivos: La colonización de los sustratos líticos por comunidades fúngicas está determinada por las propiedades del sustrato (bioreceptividad) y las condiciones climáticas y microclimáticas. Sin embargo, los efectos del tiempo de exposición de la superficie de la roca calcárea al ambiente sobre la composición de las comunidades fúngicas no se ha investigado. En este estudio, analizamos la composición y estructura de las comunidades fúngicas inmersas en biopelículas asociadas a roca calcárea, en paredes de edificaciones modernas construidas a diferentes tiempos en un ambiente subtropical en Campeche, México.Métodos: Se consideró una cronosecuencia de paredes construidas a uno, cinco y 10 años. Sobre cada pared, se rasparon tres superficies de 3 × 3 cm para cada biopelícula. Los hongos se aislaron por la técnica de lavado y filtración de partículas, posteriormente se inocularon en dos medios de cultivo contrastantes (un medio oligotrófico y uno copiotrófico). Los hongos se identificaron de acuerdo a sus características macro y microscópicas.Resultados clave: Encontramos 73 géneros y 202 especies de 844 aislados. Los resultados mostraron que las comunidades fúngicas son diferentes en las tres biopelículas. En la biopelícula de desarrollo intermedio encontramos un alto número de aislados, pero tanto la riqueza como la diversidad fueron bajas. En contraste, en la biopelícula avanzada, los valores de riqueza de especies y diversidad fueron altos, y las especies abundantes fueron Hyphomycete 1, Myrothecium roridum y Pestalotiopsis maculans. Las especies dominantes en la biopelícula intermedia fueron Curvularia lunata, Curvularia pallescens, Fusarium oxysporum y Fusarium redolens, y en la biopelícula joven fueron Cladosporium cladosporioides, Curvularia clavata, Paraconiothyrium sp. y Phoma eupyrena.Conclusiones: Nuestros resultados sugieren que la composición de la comunidad fúngica en cada biopelícula cambia de acuerdo al tiempo de exposición de la roca calcárea al ambiente. Además, como parte de la composición de la comunidad fúngica, encontramos un conjunto de especies poco comunes que podrían ser autóctonas en la roca calcárea.

scholarly journals Occurrence of pathotypes of Phoma medicaginis var. pinodella (Jones) Boerema in the Olsztyn district

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 23-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Furgał-Węgrzycka
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Cladosporium Cladosporioides ◽  
Saprophytic Fungi ◽  
Stemphylium Botryosum ◽  
Field Peas ◽  
Phoma Medicaginis ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
Sordaria Fimicola ◽  
Mycelia Sterilia

The causal agents of leaves and pods spot-pot of peas and field peas in the Olsztyn district was the fungus <i>Phoma medicaginis</i> var. <i>pinodella</i>. Investigated isolates of <i>P. medicaginis</i> var. <i>pinodella</i> differed by macroscopic and microscopic features. From diseases leaves and pods of peas and field peas obtained also saprophytic fungi among which <i>Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Epicoccum purpurascens, Stemphylium botryosum, Sordaria fimicola</i> and <i>mycelia sterilia</i> were dominated. In the study on the identification and distribution of pathotypes of <i>P. medicaginis</i> var. <i>pinodella</i> six pathotypes were identified among which pathotype 3 were dominated. The identified pathotypes differed by macroscopic and microscopic features.

scholarly journals Occurrence of pathotypes of Ascochyta pinodes (Jones) in the Olsztyn district

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 109-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Furgał-Węgrzycka
Keyword(s):  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Cladosporium Cladosporioides ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Saprophytic Fungi ◽  
Stemphylium Botryosum ◽  
Field Peas ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
Sordaria Fimicola ◽  
Ascochyta Pinodes ◽  
Mycelia Sterilia

The causal agent of leaf and pods spot-pot of peas and field peas in the Olsztyn district was the fungus <i>Ascochyta pinodes</i> (Jones). Investigated isolates of <i>A. pinoides</i> different by macroscopic and microscopic features. From diseased leaves and pods of peas and field peas saprophytic fungi were also obtained. Among them <i>Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Epicoccum purpurascens, Stemphylium botryosum, Sordaria fimicola</i> and mycelia sterilia were dominant. In the study on the identification and distribution of pathotypes of <i>A. pinodes</i> (Jones) six pathotypes were identified among which pathotypes 3 dominated. The identified pathotypes differed by macroscopic and microscopic features.

Crossreactivity Between Curvularia lunata and Alternaria alternata

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (06) ◽  
pp. 224-229
Author(s):  
Naveen Arora ◽  
Bhanu Singh ◽  
Ratna Gupta ◽  
Susheela Sridhara ◽  
Raphael Panzani
Keyword(s):  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Curvularia Lunata

scholarly journals Qualidade sanitária e fisiológica de sementes de abóbora variedade Menina Brasileira

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derblai Casaroli ◽  
Danton C. Garcia ◽  
Marlove F. B. Muniz ◽  
Nilson L. de Menezes
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Penicillium Digitatum ◽  
Cucurbita Moschata ◽  
Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽  
Cladosporium Cucumerinum

O trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar e correlacionar a qualidade sanitária e fisiológica de sementes de abóbora, variedade Menina Brasileira (Cucurbita moschata.). Foram avaliados dois lotes de sementes de abóbora produzidas no sistema agroecológico e quatro no sistema convencional, com e sem tratamento químico. Os lotes foram submetidos aos testes de sanidade, seguindo a metodologia do "Blotter test", com congelamento, germinação e vigor (primeira contagem, índice de velocidade de germinação, envelhecimento acelerado e emergência de plântulas). Os resultados indicaram a separação dos lotes de diferentes origens a partir da qualidade sanitária e fisiológica, onde as maiores incidências de fungos foram observadas nos lotes agroecológicos e o maior potencial fisiológico foi observado nos lotes de origem convencional não tratados. Foram encontrados os fungos Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium cucumerinum, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium digitatum, Rhizopus stolonifer e Phoma terrestris. A qualidade sanitária não interferiu na qualidade fisiológica das sementes de abóbora, variedade Menina Brasileira.

Antifungal Activities of Some Indole Derivatives

2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 437-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Xu ◽  
Qin Wang ◽  
Wen-Bin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Pyricularia Oryzae ◽  
Indole Derivatives ◽  
Alternaria Brassicae ◽  
Antifungal Activities

Nine indole derivatives were evaluated in vitro against Fusarium graminearum, Alternaria alternata, Helminthosporium sorokinianum, Pyricularia oryzae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumarinum, and Alternaria brassicae. Most of the compounds were found to possess antifungal activities. Especially compounds 2, 5, 8, and 9 exhibited broad-spectrum antifungal activities against the above-mentioned seven phytopathogenic fungi, and showed more potent activities than hymexazole, a commercial agricultural fungicide.

scholarly journals Fungi inhabiting healthy grapevine canes (Vitis spp.) in some nurseries

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Król
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Present Experiment ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Cladosporium Cladosporioides ◽  
The Other ◽  
Qualitative Composition ◽  
Vitis Spp ◽  
Propagation Material ◽  
Apparently Healthy

The purpose of this study, conducted in the years 2000 - 2002, was to identify fungi species colonizing apparently healthy canes and to investigate whether canes storage modify the quantitative and qualitative composition of these fungi. The plant material was collected from 5 commercial plantations growing in various regions of Poland, taking into consideration 8 cultivars which were the most frequently cultivated. From each plantation and cultivar 20 apparently healthy canes were randomly sampled in two terms: before storage - November/December (term I) and 3-4 months after storage - February/March (term II). The results showed that from asymptomatic canes 2746 isolates of fungi belonging to 23 species were obtained, but the majority of them origined from canes analysed after storage. It was found that <i>P. viticola</i> is able to live latently within grapevine tissue in Polish conditions because isolates of this fungus from visually healty canes the all studied plantations and terms were obtained. Among the other fungi species inhabiting grapevine canes <i>Alternaria alternata</i> and <i>Fusarium</i> spp. dominated. Moreover, both in term I and term II <i>Botrytis cinerea</i>, <i>Phoma</i> spp., <i>Epicoccum purpurascens</i> and <i>Cladosporium cladosporioides</i> were frequently isolated, whereas fungi from the genus <i>Acremonium</i> only in the term I. Each time isolates of <i>Trichoderma</i> spp. and <i>Gliocladium</i> spp. were also obtained. Inhabitation of grapevine canes by various fungi species shown in the present experiment indicate the danger of pathogens spread with propagation material on the new plantations.

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