scholarly journals Fungi inhabiting healthy grapevine canes (Vitis spp.) in some nurseries

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Król
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Present Experiment ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Cladosporium Cladosporioides ◽  
The Other ◽  
Qualitative Composition ◽  
Vitis Spp ◽  
Propagation Material ◽  
Apparently Healthy

The purpose of this study, conducted in the years 2000 - 2002, was to identify fungi species colonizing apparently healthy canes and to investigate whether canes storage modify the quantitative and qualitative composition of these fungi. The plant material was collected from 5 commercial plantations growing in various regions of Poland, taking into consideration 8 cultivars which were the most frequently cultivated. From each plantation and cultivar 20 apparently healthy canes were randomly sampled in two terms: before storage - November/December (term I) and 3-4 months after storage - February/March (term II). The results showed that from asymptomatic canes 2746 isolates of fungi belonging to 23 species were obtained, but the majority of them origined from canes analysed after storage. It was found that <i>P. viticola</i> is able to live latently within grapevine tissue in Polish conditions because isolates of this fungus from visually healty canes the all studied plantations and terms were obtained. Among the other fungi species inhabiting grapevine canes <i>Alternaria alternata</i> and <i>Fusarium</i> spp. dominated. Moreover, both in term I and term II <i>Botrytis cinerea</i>, <i>Phoma</i> spp., <i>Epicoccum purpurascens</i> and <i>Cladosporium cladosporioides</i> were frequently isolated, whereas fungi from the genus <i>Acremonium</i> only in the term I. Each time isolates of <i>Trichoderma</i> spp. and <i>Gliocladium</i> spp. were also obtained. Inhabitation of grapevine canes by various fungi species shown in the present experiment indicate the danger of pathogens spread with propagation material on the new plantations.

scholarly journals Unintentional transport of fungi propagules to Antarctic biome and the ability to develop at low temperatures

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 271-281
Author(s):  
Anna Augustyniuk-Kram
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Geotrichum Candidum ◽  
Cladosporium Cladosporioides ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Penicillium Sp

Filamentous fungi relatively easily disperse and colonize a variety of substrates, inhabiting various, often extreme environments. Therefore, they spread all over the world. The purpose of the research was to determine whether the propagules of filamentous fungi brought (accidentally transported) into the Antarctic biome by tourists and members of scientific expeditions are capable of developing at low temperatures. In the studies were used seven isolates of fungi: Penicillium sp., Aspergillus flavus, Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Trichoderma viride, Geotrichum candidum and Botrytis cinerea. The isolates came from samples collected from tourists and members of scientific expeditions arriving at the Henryk Arctowski Polish Antarctic Station on King George Island in the South Shetland archipelago. Fungal growth was measured at 0, 5, 10, 22°C (as a control) and 10° C, but after having frozen inoculum at -15°C for a period of 7 days. Penicillium sp., Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Trichoderma viride, Geotrichum candidum and Botrytis cinerea were found to be capable of growing at low temperatures (5 and 10oC as well as after one freezing cycle, down to -15oC and thawing, up to +10oC). They did not produce a macroscopically visible mycelium at temp. 0oC, however, it was not a lethal temperature for them, as when they were transferred to higher temperatures, they continued to develop even after a fairly long time following the beginning of the experiment. The most vulnerable was Aspergillus flavus. At lower temperatures (from about to 5oC) it did not develop, while freezing and thawing were lethal for this species. Some species (G. candidum, T. viride and B. cinerea), despite the development of mycelium, did not produce spores at lower temperatures.

scholarly journals Occurrence of pathotypes of Phoma medicaginis var. pinodella (Jones) Boerema in the Olsztyn district

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 23-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Furgał-Węgrzycka
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Cladosporium Cladosporioides ◽  
Saprophytic Fungi ◽  
Stemphylium Botryosum ◽  
Field Peas ◽  
Phoma Medicaginis ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
Sordaria Fimicola ◽  
Mycelia Sterilia

The causal agents of leaves and pods spot-pot of peas and field peas in the Olsztyn district was the fungus <i>Phoma medicaginis</i> var. <i>pinodella</i>. Investigated isolates of <i>P. medicaginis</i> var. <i>pinodella</i> differed by macroscopic and microscopic features. From diseases leaves and pods of peas and field peas obtained also saprophytic fungi among which <i>Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Epicoccum purpurascens, Stemphylium botryosum, Sordaria fimicola</i> and <i>mycelia sterilia</i> were dominated. In the study on the identification and distribution of pathotypes of <i>P. medicaginis</i> var. <i>pinodella</i> six pathotypes were identified among which pathotype 3 were dominated. The identified pathotypes differed by macroscopic and microscopic features.

scholarly journals Niezamierzony transport propaguli grzybów pleśniowych do biomu Antarktyki a zdolność rozwoju w niskich temperaturach

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 149-166
Author(s):  
Anna Augustyniuk-Kram
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Geotrichum Candidum ◽  
Cladosporium Cladosporioides ◽  
Penicillium Sp

Obecność człowieka w Antarktyce to przede wszystkim działalność naukowa, ale również w ostatnim czasie wzmożony ruch turystyczny. Sprzyja to inwazji obcych gatunków flory i fauny, a także mikroorganizmów, mogących zagrażać gatunkom rodzimym. Grzyby pleśniowe będące przedmiotem badań zaliczane są do organizmów kosmopolitycznych, łatwo rozprzestrzeniających się i zasiedlających różnorodne środowiska, w tym również ekstremalnie zimne, takie jak rejony polarne. Organizmy te, by skutecznie skolonizować nowe środowisko oprócz żywotnych propagul i skutecznych mechanizmów transportu muszą być zdolne do wzrostu i reprodukcji w ekstremalnych warunkach. Celem badań było określenie czy propagule grzybów pleśniowych zawleczone (przypadkowo przetransportowane) do biomu Antarktyki przez turystów i członków wypraw naukowych są zdolne do rozwoju w niskich temperaturach. Stwierdzono, że Penicillium sp., Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Trichoderma viride, Geotrichum candidum i Botrytis cinerea były zdolne do rozwoju w niskich temperaturach (5 i 10oC oraz po jednym cyklu zamrożenia do -15oC i odmrożenia do +10oC). Nie wytwarzały one makroskopowo widocznej grzybni w temp. 0oC, lecz nie była to dla nich temperatura letalna, ponieważ po przeniesieniu do wyższych temperatur podejmowały wzrost nawet po dosyć długim czasie od rozpoczęcia eksperymentu. Najbardziej wrażliwy okazał się Aspergillus flavus. Przy niższych temperaturach (od 0 do 5oC) nie rozwijał się, natomiast zamrożenie i odmrożenie było dla tego gatunku letalne. Niektóre gatunki (G. candidum, T. viride i B. cinerea) mimo rozwoju grzybni, w niższych temperaturach nie produkowały zarodników.

scholarly journals Airborne fungus at Pavia (Italy)

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Caretta ◽  
A. Crippa ◽  
P. Della Franca ◽  
G. Del Frate ◽  
M. Guglielminetii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Rhodotorula Glutinis ◽  
Cladosporium Cladosporioides ◽  
Penicillium Janthinellum ◽  
Airborne Fungus ◽  
Sporobolomyces Roseus

Entre el 1º de Febrero de 1979 al 28 de Febrero de 1980, fueron expuestas en Pavia, 3 veces por semana, tres placas de petri de 16 cm de diam. conteniendo PDA. Se aislaron un total de 12.734 colonias (pertenecientes a 46 géneros y 88 especies).Muchos de los aislamientos (54,6%), fueron especies de los géneros Cladosporium (13,4%), Epicoccum (11,7%), Aureobasidium (9,3%), Alternaría (7,9%), Penicillium (6,4%) y Botrytis (5,9%).Alternarla, Cladosporium y Epicoccum, aumentan en el Verano avanzado y en los inicios de Otoño. Aureobasidium, Aspergillus y Penicillium son frecuentes en invierno; Botrytis, es abundante en Primavera. Las especies dominantes aisladas fueron: Alternaria alternata, A. longipes, Aspergillus fumigatus, A.niger y A. flavus, Ameobasidium pullulans var. pullulans, Botrytis cinerea, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Epicoccum purpurascens, Penicillium janthinellum. Las especies de Fusarium roseum var. gibbosum (= F. equiseti), Phoma destructiva, Rhodotorula glutinis y Sporobolomyces roseus fueron también numerosas.

scholarly journals Fungi settling seedlings of Stewartia pseudocamelia (Max.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002) ◽  
pp. 319-321
Author(s):  
I. Gajda ◽  
H. Kurzawińska ◽  
P. Muras
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Cladosporium Cladosporioides ◽  
Fusarium Avenaceum ◽  
Autumn Season ◽  
Total Community ◽  
Penicillium Spp

Stewartia pseudocamelia is one of more attractive of ornamental bushes. The main of decorative quality are: ornamental flowers, non-typical florescence (from end of June to August), original bark and attractive overcolouring of leaves in autumn season. Apart diseases affected Stewartia during vegetation period, the most dangerous are those which infest seedlings. The total number of 132 colonies of fungi were obtained from the sore seedlings of Stewartia. The isolates represented 19 species of thirteen genera. The most dominated of them were fungi of species: Cladosporium cladosporioides, Cylindrocarpon radicicola, Fusarium avenaceum and F. oxysporum. These above-mentioned fungi together with: Phytophthora cinnamomi, Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium spp., Alternaria alternata, Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium debaryanum belonged to the group of dominants and consistued 79.02% of total community.

DNA Barcode Identification of Black Cohosh Herbal Dietary Supplements

2012 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 1023-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A Baker ◽  
Dennis Wm Stevenson ◽  
Damon P LittLe
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
The Other ◽  
Black Cohosh ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Actaea Racemosa ◽  
Validation Set

Abstract Black cohosh (Actaea racemosa) herbal dietary supplements are commonly consumed to treat menopausal symptoms, but there are reports of adverse events and toxicities associated with their use. Accidental misidentification and/or deliberate adulteration results in harvesting other related species that are then marketed as black cohosh. Some of these species are known to be toxic to humans. We have identified two matK nucleotides that consistently distinguish black cohosh from related species. Using these nucleotides, an assay was able to correctly identify all of the black cohosh samples in the validation set. None of the other Actaea species in the validation set were falsely identified as black cohosh. Of 36 dietary supplements sequenced, 27 (75%) had a sequence that exactly matched black cohosh. The remaining nine samples (25%) had a sequence identical to that of three Asian Actaea species (A. cimicifuga, A. dahurica, and A. simplex). Manufacturers should routinely test plant material using a reliable assay to ensure accurate labeling.

The Relation between Angle of Display and Performance in a Prolonged Visual Task

1950 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 176-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Present Experiment ◽  
Visual Task ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vertical Position ◽  
Display Surface ◽  
Visual Tasks ◽  
And Performance

An experiment is described to test the relation between angle of display and performance in prolonged visual tasks, using the Clock Test in three positions of display surface, vertical, at an angle of 45 degrees to the horizontal, and horizontal. In every case the line of regard was kept at right-angles to the display surface. The results indicate that significantly fewer stimuli are missed in the vertical position of the display surface than in the other two. The deterioration observed in the second half-hour of the original Clock Test experiments was not found in the present experiment, and two possible reasons for this are discussed briefly.

Introduction of an improved system for evaluating the work of commercial bank personnel

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-43
Author(s):  
V.B. Bychin
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Bank ◽  
Integrated Assessment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Qualitative Composition ◽  
Personnel Evaluation ◽  
Staff Motivation ◽  
The One

Personnel evaluation is a crucial factor contributing to the staff motivation, on the one hand, and on the other — allowing setting remuneration correctly and determining both the quantitative and qualitative composition of the company's personnel. The article is devoted to the study of the problem of integrated assessment of the organization's personnel.

scholarly journals Influence of cutting type and size on rooting of Lavandula dentata L

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.M. Bona ◽  
I.R. Biasetto ◽  
M. Masetto ◽  
C. Deschamps ◽  
L.A. Biasi
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
The Other ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Polystyrene Foam ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Cutting Propagation ◽  
Superior Clones

Even though the Lavandula species may be propagated by seeds, it should not be the preferred propagation method because it causes a great lack of uniformity. On the other hand, asexually propagated lavender crops would provide more homogeneous crops, and clones from high quality plant material would increase the odds for obtaining a higher quality essential oil. However, problems such as poor rooting and restrict market availability for superior clones have been a problem in vegetative propagation of the Lavandula species. The objective of this work was to define which type and size of cutting is more adequate for cutting propagation of L. dentata, a very productive Lavandula species. Cuttings with 5, 8, 10 or 13 cm and from the apical or basal parts of stems cut from L. dentata stock plants were placed in Plantmax HT® filled polystyrene foam trays and kept under intermittent mist system for two months. Averages of root number, length of the longest root, fresh and dry root weight, and percentage of rooting were evaluated. Apical cuttings combined 97.9% rooting with an average of 13.2 roots per cutting and basal cuttings 93.7% rooting with 2.98 roots per cutting. Apical cuttings with at least 10 cm in length were considered the most adequate for cutting propagation of L. dentata.

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