RE: Myocardial Injury After Noncardiac Surgery and Perioperative Atrial Fibrillation: From Evidence to Clinical Practice

In the perioperative medicine special issue, Borges et al. discussed aspects of myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery (MINS) care and recommend initiating aspirin and moderate-to-high dose statin in all patients diagnosed with MINS. One aspect of MINS management that was not discussed in the article was patients in whom MINS management might be different, such as with patients on dialysis. Borges et al. are not alone in this regard: the CCS perioperative guidelines do not mention any specific exclusions for the initiation of ASA and statin in patients diagnosed with MINS. However, there is insufficient evidence to recommend aspirin and statins in all patients with MINS, as exemplified by patients requiring dialysis.

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Managing Myocardial Injury after Noncardiac Surgery in End Stage Renal Disease: A Clinical Challenge

Canadian Journal of General Internal Medicine ◽

10.22374/cjgim.v16i3.567 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 2-3

Author(s):

Flavia Borges ◽

Sandra Ofori ◽

Maura Marcucci

Keyword(s):

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Clinical Practice ◽

Renal Disease ◽

End Stage Renal Disease ◽

Myocardial Injury ◽

Noncardiac Surgery ◽

Clinical Challenge ◽

Stage Renal Disease ◽

End Stage

RE: Myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery and perioperative atrial fibrillation: From evidence to clinical practice

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Myocardial Injury after Noncardiac Surgery and Perioperative Atrial Fibrillation

Canadian Journal of General Internal Medicine ◽

10.22374/cjgim.v16isp1.530 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (SP1) ◽

pp. 18-26

Author(s):

Flavia Borges ◽

Sandra Ofori ◽

Maura Marcucci

Keyword(s):

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Myocardial Injury ◽

Prediction Models ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Noncardiac Surgery ◽

Prise En Charge ◽

Individual Risk ◽

Cardiac Complications ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Fibrillation Auriculaire

One in 60 patients who undergo major noncardiac surgery dies within 30 days following surgery. The most common cause is cardiac complications, of which myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery (MINS) and perioperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) are common, affecting about 18 and 11% of adults, respectively, after noncardiac surgery. Patients who suffer MINS are at a higher risk of death compared to patients without MINS. Similarly, patients who develop POAF are at a higher risk of stroke and death compared to patients who do not. Most patients who suffer MINS are asymptomatic, and its diagnosis is not possible without routine troponin monitoring. Observational studies support the use of statins and aspirin in the management of patients with MINS. The only randomized controlled trial to date that has specifically addressed the management of MINS was the MANAGE trial that demonstrated the efficacy and safety of intermediate dose dabigatran in this population. There are no specific prediction models for POAF and no randomised controlled trial evidence to guide the specific management of POAF. Management guidelines in the acute period follow the management of nonoperative atrial fibrillation. The role of long-term anticoagulation in this population is still uncertain and should be guided by a shared care decision model with the patient, and with consideration of the individual risk for stroke balanced against the risk of bleeding. In this review, we present a case-based approach to the detection, prognosis, and management of MINS and POAF based on the existing evidence. RÉSUMÉUn patient sur 60 qui subit une intervention chirurgicale majeure non cardiaque meurt dans les 30 jours suivant l’opération. La cause la plus fréquente est celle des complications cardiaques, dont les lésions myocardiques après une chirurgie non cardiaque (LMCNC) et la fibrillation auriculaire périopératoire (FAPO) sont courantes et touchent respectivement environ 18 et 11 % des adultes après une chirurgie non cardiaque. Les patients présentant des LMCNC sont exposés à un risque plus élevé de décès que les patients qui ne présentent pas de LMCNC. De même, les patients chez qui on voit apparaître une FAPO ont un risque plus élevé d’accident vasculaire cérébral et de décès que ceux qui ne connaîtront pas cette complication. La plupart des patients atteints de LMCNC sont asymptomatiques, et il est impossible d’établir un diagnostic sans surveiller régulièrement la troponine. Des études d’observation appuient l’utilisation des statines et de l’aspirine dans la prise en charge des patients atteints de LMCNC. À ce jour, le seul essai contrôlé randomisé qui s’est penché précisément sur le traitement des LMCNC est l’essai MANAGE qui a démontré l’efficacité et l’innocuité du dabigatran à dose intermédiaire chez cette population. Il n’existe aucun modèle de prédiction précis pour la FAPO ni aucune donnée probante provenant d’essais contrôlés randomisés pour orienter précisément son traitement. Les lignes directrices concernant la prise en charge au cours de la période aiguë suivent celles de la prise en charge de la fibrillation auriculaire non liée à une opération. Le rôle de l’anticoagulation à long terme chez cette population est encore incertain et devrait être guidé par un modèle de prise de décision partagée avec le patient et tenir compte du risque individuel d’accident vasculaire cérébral par rapport à celui d’hémorragie. Dans cette revue, nous présentons une approche fondée sur des cas pour la détection, le pronostic et le traitement des LMCNC et de la FAPO sur la base des données probantes existantes.

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Total NT-proBNP, a novel biomarker in atrial fibrillation. A mechanistic analysis of the GISSI-AF trial

10.1101/2020.11.10.20222349 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lidia Staszewsky ◽

Jennifer Meessen ◽

Deborah Novelli ◽

Ulla Wienhues-Thelen ◽

Marcello Disertori ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Clinical Practice ◽

Sinus Rhythm ◽

Myocardial Injury ◽

The Novel ◽

Circulating Biomarkers ◽

History Of ◽

One Year ◽

Af Recurrence

AbstractObjective(1) to test the association with prevalent and incident atrial fibrillation (AF), and prognosis of total N-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide (total NT-proBNP) and of a panel of biomarkers; (2) to assess iwhether the extent of glycosylation affects the relation of NT-proBNP with AF.MethodsIn a sub-study of the GISSI-AF trial on 382 patients in sinus rhythm with a history of AF, echocardiographic variables and eight circulating biomarkers were serially assayed over one year. The relations between circulating baseline biomarkers and AF and the risk of CV events, were assessed by Cox-analysis models adjusting the first by clinical variables, the second by clinical variables and the echocardiographic left-atrial-minimum-volume-index (LAVImin).ResultsOver a median follow-up of 365 days, 203/382 patients (53.1%) had at least one recurrence of AF and 16.3% were hospitalized for cardiovascular (CV) reasons. Total NT-proBNP, NT-proBNP, angiopoietin 2 (Ang2), myosin binding protein (MyBPC3) and bone morphogenic protein-10 (BMP-10) were strongly associated to ongoing AF. Natriuretic peptides and MyBPC3 predicted recurrent AF but this lost significance after adjustment for LAVImin. NT-proBNP and Ang2 predicted CV hospitalization even after adjustment for LAVImin, HR95%CI: 2.20 [1.02-4.80] and 5.26 [1.16-23.79].ConclusionsThe association of AF recurrence with the novel biomarker total NT-proBNP, is similar to that of NT-proBNP, suggesting no influence of glycosylation. Ang2, MyBPC3 and BMP10 were strongly associated with AF, indicating a possible role of extracellular matrix and myocardial injury. Abstract-words=233Key messagesWhat is already known on this subject?It is still complicated to predict the recurrence of AF in patients in sinus rhythm with a recent history of AF. Though several biomarkers have been associated with AF, few of them have proved to be independent predictors for recurrent AF or cardiovascular (CV) events. Their predictive sensitivity and specificity is modest at best. Previous studies showed that NT-proBNP was possibly the strongest predictor of recurrent AF and CV hospitalization. Natriuretic peptides circulate to a large extent as glycosylated molecules and a novel assay is now available to measure the glycosylated and non-glycosylated NT-proBNP in plasma, the total NT-proBNP. The extent of glycosylation varies in different diseases.What might this study add?No studies have assessed (a) the extent of NT-proBNP glycosylation in AF, or (b) the association and predictive value in patients with AF of total NT-proBNP. A multimarker approach, ratter than one based on a single biomarker, might predict AF better.The relation with AF of the novel biomarker, total NT-proBNP, is as strong as that of NT-proBNP, suggesting no-influence of glycosylation.Two biomarkers, MyBPC3, secreted few minutes after myocardial injury and Ang-2, involved in inflammation and coagulation, were strongly associated to AF.How might this impact on clinical practice?The identification of novel circulating biomarkers could have a direct impact on clinical practice when predicting the occurrence of AF, but unfortunately current data do not allow predictions based on biomarkers.The associations of different biomarkers with ongoing AF may cast light on the mechanisms of triggering and maintenance of AF.Strengths and limitations of this studyThe data came from to a multicenter randomized clinical trial with available concomitant serial echocardiographic and circulating biomarkers recorded and evaluated centrally, hence with minimal bias; AF recurrence during a 12-month follow up was checked weekly by trans-telephonic electrocardiographic monitoring, and with 12-lead ECG every six months.A comparative analysis of total NT-proBNP with other novel biomarkers and echocardiographic variables has never been done so far. The possible added value of total NT-proBNP to the benchmark biomarker NT-proBNP was assessed on the basis of different dimensions of performance, as recently proposed for new biomarkers. The main limitations are (1) the relatively small numbers of patients with AF during follow-up visits, (2) the very low prevalence of patients with other cardiac diseases such as coronary artery disease and heart failure, and (3) consequently, the low incidence of clinical events in one-year follow-up.

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