scholarly journals How important are product attributes for U.S. lamb imports?

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-423
Author(s):  
Danielle Ufer ◽  
Amanda M. Countryman ◽  
Andrew Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Product Differentiation ◽  
Domestic Demand ◽  
Source Country ◽  
Product Substitution ◽  
Product Attributes ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Product Origin

The U.S. lamb industry has changed in the last decade, impacting the structure of imports, which have become necessary to meet domestic demand. Product differentiation plays an important role in determining lamb imports. This research examines the importance of source (country or origin) and product attributes such as boneless versus bone-in cuts and chilled versus frozen products in determining U.S. demand for imported lamb. Overall, boneless and bone-in products show evidence of separability, which is an indication that preferences are independent based on these characteristics. For other product attributes, preferences were not independent, implying their aggregation in trade analyses may be justified. For agribusiness importers and wholesalers, our results and a better understanding of the importance of product origin, quality and form are useful to inform pricing and product substitution strategies.

scholarly journals Effects of Country of Origin Labeling in the U.S. Meat Industry with Imperfectly Competitive Processors

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 406-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanjin Chung ◽  
Tong Zhang ◽  
Derrell S. Peel
Keyword(s):  
Price Elasticity ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Import Price ◽  
Consumer Welfare ◽  
Domestic Demand ◽  
Meat Industry ◽  
Equilibrium Displacement Model ◽  
Country Of Origin Labeling ◽  
Imperfectly Competitive ◽  
The U.S

The study examines the impacts of implementing mandatory country of origin labeling (COOL) on producer and consumer welfare in the U.S. meat industry. The equilibrium displacement model developed in this study includes twenty-nine equations representing retail-, processing-, and farm-level equilibrium conditions for the beef, pork, and chicken industries. Unlike previous studies, the model allows trade between domestic- and foreign-origin products and considers the imperfectly competitive market structure of meat processers. Empirical results show that without a significant increase in domestic meat demand, producers are not expected to benefit from the mandatory COOL implementation. Results of a sensitivity analysis indicate that consumers tend to bear more COOL costs than producers, as the own-price elasticity becomes more inelastic, and that producers’ benefits increase as the elasticity of domestic demand becomes more elastic with respect to the price of imported products. The existence of market power in upstream and downstream markets of processors negatively affects both consumer and producer surplus. One implication of our findings is that U.S. beef and pork producers’ promotion and advertising programs would be successful in expanding domestic demand when the programs make the own-price elasticity of domestic demand more inelastic and the cross-price elasticity of domestic demand more elastic with respect to import price.

The Internationalization of New High-Potential U.S. Ventures: Antecedents and Outcomes

1996 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 61-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Bloodgood ◽  
Harry J. Sapienza ◽  
James G. Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Board Of Directors ◽  
Product Differentiation ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Sales Growth ◽  
International Work ◽  
The Board Of Directors ◽  
The U.S

This study examined the antecedents and outcomes of the internationalization of 61 new high-potential ventures in the U.S. The results indicate that internationalization is directly related to the use of product differentiation as a source of competitive advantage, the international work experience of the board of directors, and size at the point of the IPO. The use of low cost, product differentiation, or innovation as a source of competitive advantage, and size at the point of the IPO were directly related to sales growth in the two-year period following the IPO. Finally, the level of Internationalization at the time of the IPO is positively related to earnings two years later.

scholarly journals A Test of Audit Pricing in the Small-Client Segment: A Comment

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willie E. Gist
Keyword(s):  
Product Differentiation ◽  
Firm Size ◽  
Audit Fees ◽  
Price Premium ◽  
Audit Pricing ◽  
Audit Firm ◽  
Size Classes ◽  
Audit Market ◽  
Second Tier ◽  
The U.S

This study is the second to provide a richer test of the association between auditor size and audit fees by using three audit firm size classes in the small-client segment of the U.S. audit market. The finding of a Big 8 (now Big 6) price premium is consistent with Francis and Simon [1]. However, this price premium exists only with respect to local/regional firms. Francis und Simon showed that the Big 8 price premium exists with respect to both second-tier and local/regional firms. The present study also provides evidence of a second-tier price premium over local/regional firms. The results imply product differentiation to both Big 8 and second-tier firms. Plausible reasons for differences in results between the two studies are given.

Short-term influences on Canadian wood pulp prices and exports: a vector autoregression analysis

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 566-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janaki R.R. Alavalapati ◽  
Martin K. Luckert ◽  
Wiktor L. Adamowicz
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Vector Autoregression ◽  
Domestic Demand ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Macroeconomic Variables ◽  
Pulp Industry ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Dynamic Impacts ◽  
Pulp Processing ◽  
The U.S

The short-run dynamic impacts of macroeconomic variables on the Canadian pulp industry are investigated using the vector autoregression approach. The results show that shocks in the G10 exchange rate and the U.S. pulp price significantly affect Canadian pulp prices but not Canadian pulp exports. Short-term contracts, changes in the domestic demand for pulp, and limitations on pulp processing capacities are thought to be responsible for the limited responsiveness of pulp exports. The results also suggest that the indirect effect of shocks in the macroeconomy are important in explaining the dynamics of Canadian pulp price and pulp exports.

scholarly journals Managed Trade

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (251) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenio Cerutti ◽  
Shan Chen ◽  
Pragyan Deb ◽  
Albe Gjonbalaj ◽  
Swarnali Hannan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
International System ◽  
Trade Diversion ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Domestic Demand ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The World ◽  
Managed Trade ◽  
The U.S

The trade discussions between the U.S. and China are on-going. Not much is known about the shape and nature of a potential agreement, but it seems possible that it would include elements of managed trade. This paper attempts to examine the direct, first-round spillover effects for the rest of the world from managed trade using three approaches. The results suggest that, in the absence of a meaningful boost in China’s domestic demand and imports, bilateral purchase commitments are likely to generate substantial trade diversion effects for other countries. For example, the European Union, Japan, and Korea are likely to have significant export diversion in a potential deal that includes substantial purchases of U.S. vehicles, machinery, and electronics by China. At the same time, a deal that puts greater emphasis on commodities would put small commodity exporters at a risk. This points to the advantages of a comprehensive agreement that supports the international system and avoids managed bilateral trade arrangements.

Dynamics between the budget deficit and the government debt in the United States: a nonlinear analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haydory Akbar Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Budget Deficit ◽  
Government Debt ◽  
The United States ◽  
Var Model ◽  
Impulse Responses ◽  
Specification Test ◽  
Quarterly Data ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
The Government ◽  
The U.S

AbstractThis paper empirically investigates the dynamics between budget deficit and government debt in the U.S. using two different measures of the budget deficit: the current budget deficit and cyclically-adjusted budget deficit. A threshold Vector autoregression (VAR) model is estimated to explore the dynamics in different regimes using quarterly data from 1947:Q1 to 2017:Q3. The specification test rejects a linear VAR model against the threshold VAR. When we use the current budget deficit, regime 1 resemble governments prioritize minimizing budget deficit and debt, whereas, regime 2 resemble otherwise. When we use the cyclically adjusted budget deficit, regime 1 resemble economic expansions, whereas, regime 2 resemble recessions. The impulse responses show evidence of asymmetry and counter-cyclicality. The impulse responses also indicate that an increase in the debt dictate the government’s response towards minimizing the budget deficit and tend to prioritize budget deficit less when the economy expands.

scholarly journals China-U.S. Oil Rivalry in Africa

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Hong
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
World Order ◽  
Domestic Demand ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
The World ◽  
Oil Demand ◽  
Consuming Country ◽  
The U.S

China is now the world’s second largest oil-consuming country after the U.S. Its global efforts to secure oil imports to meet increasing domestic demand have profound implications for international relations in the Asia-Pacific region. China’s rising oil demand and its external quest for oil have thus generated much attention. This paper looks at the possibility of China’s clash with the U.S. and other western countries’ interests in Africa as China’s overseas oil quest intensifies, and China’s perception of this impending rivalry that may lead to a disruption of the U.S. and its allies’ foreign policy and the world order.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document