scholarly journals Inter-Annual Variability of Water Exchange between the Azov Sea and the Sivash Bay through the Tonky Strait

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Е. S. Eremina ◽  
V. P. Evstigneev ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Water Exchange ◽  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Annual Variability ◽  
Azov Sea ◽  
Climatic Period ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Water Outflow

Purpose. The work is aimed at studying the components’ intra- and inter-annual variability in the water exchange between the Sivash Bay and the Sea of Azov through the Tonky Strait at the current climatic period based on the empirical conversion schemes and using the hydrometeorological observation data obtained at the nearby stations. Methods and Results. Using the data on the sea level, and the wind direction and speed, the runoffs of the Azov Sea and the Sivash Bay waters in the Tonky Strait during 1966–2013 are calculated by two methods developed by Slatinsky Yu.G. in 1969 and Raskin L.G. in 1992. Predominance of the Azov currents over the Sivash ones is revealed. Seasonal and long-term dynamics of the runoff values in the strait are given based on the monthly average and annual average data. The data on the wind regime variability in the Genichesk region, and the sea level at the Genichesk meteorological station and at the Chongarsky bridge meteorological post are cited. Conclusions. The calculations show that the average annual inflow of the Azov waters through the Tonky Strait varies within the wide range 0.3 km3 – 1.18 km3, and the outflow of the Sivash waters constitutes on average 0.26 km3 per year. Difference between the water inflow and outflow in the strait is characterized by high inter-annual variability. Over the whole period under study, it amounted on average up to 0.45 km3. In the components’ spectrum of water exchange between the Sivash Bay and the Azov Sea, distinguished are the ~4 year fluctuations of the Sivash waters outflow from the bay, and the 3 and 5–6 year fluctuations of the Azov Sea waters inflow to the Sivash Bay. Multi-year variability of the Sivash water outflow with the 4 year periodicity is conditioned by the same precipitation amount periodicity over the Sivash Bay.

scholarly journals Inter-Annual Variability of Water Exchange between the Azov Sea and the Sivash Bay through the Tonky Strait

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Е. S. Eremina ◽  
V. P. Evstigneev ◽  
◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Water Exchange ◽  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Annual Variability ◽  
Azov Sea ◽  
Climatic Period ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Water Outflow

Purpose. The work is aimed at studying the components’ intra- and inter-annual variability in the water exchange between the Sivash Bay and the Sea of Azov through the Tonky Strait at the current climatic period based on the empirical conversion schemes and using the hydrometeorological observation data obtained at the nearby stations. Methods and Results. Using the data on the sea level, and the wind direction and speed, the runoffs of the Azov Sea and the Sivash Bay waters in the Tonky Strait during 1966–2013 are calculated by two methods developed by Slatinsky Yu.G. in 1969 and Raskin L.G. in 1992. Predominance of the Azov currents over the Sivash ones is revealed. Seasonal and long-term dynamics of the runoff values in the strait are given based on the monthly average and annual average data. The data on the wind regime variability in the Genichesk region, and the sea level at the Genichesk meteorological station and at the Chongarsky bridge meteorological post are cited. Conclusions. The calculations show that the average annual inflow of the Azov waters through the Tonky Strait varies within the wide range 0.3 km3 – 1.18 km3, and the outflow of the Sivash waters constitutes on average 0.26 km3 per year. Difference between the water inflow and outflow in the strait is characterized by high inter-annual variability. Over the whole period under study, it amounted on average up to 0.45 km3. In the components’ spectrum of water exchange between the Sivash Bay and the Azov Sea, distinguished are the ~ 4 year fluctuations of the Sivash waters outflow from the bay, and the 3 and 5–6 year fluctuations of the Azov Sea waters inflow to the Sivash Bay. Multi-year variability of the Sivash water outflow with the 4 year periodicity is conditioned by the same precipitation amount periodicity over the Sivash Bay.

SATELLITE DATA FOR INVESTIGATION OF RECENT STATE AND PROCESSES IN THE SIVASH BAY

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Shchurova ◽  
Ekaterina Shchurova ◽  
Rimma Stanichnaya ◽  
Rimma Stanichnaya ◽  
Sergey Stanichny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Data ◽  
Water Exchange ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Azov Sea ◽  
Seasonal Wind ◽  
Ice Regime ◽  
Very High

Sivash bay is the shallow-water lagoon of the Azov Sea. Restricted water exchange and high evaporation form Sivash as the basin with very high salinity. This factor leads to different from the Azov Sea thermal and ice regimes of Sivash. Maine aim of the study presented to investigate recent state and changes of the characteristics and processes in the basin using satellite data. Landsat scanners TM, ETM+, OLI, TIRS together with MODIS and AVHRR were used. Additionally NOMADS NOAA and MERRA meteorological data were analyzed. The next topics are discussed in the work: 1. Changes of the sea surface temperature, ice regime and relation with salinity. 2. Coastal line transformation – long term and seasonal, wind impact. 3. Manifestation of the Azov waters intrusions through the Arabat spit, preferable wind conditions.

scholarly journals Floristic composition and taxonomic structure of algae in the hyperhaline reservoirs of the northwestern Azov Sea coast (Ukraine)

Algologia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-405
Author(s):  
A.M. Solonenko ◽  
◽  
O.G. Bren ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Exchange ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Taxonomic Structure ◽  
Azov Sea ◽  
The Family ◽  
Saline Habitats ◽  
Saline Land

The article represents the results of long-term algological studies of hyperhaline reservoirs of the northwestern coast of the Azov Sea. The features of the floristic composition and taxonomic structure of algae in aquatic (water column and bottom), aquatic-terrestrial (water’s edge, dried up water bodies, drying area) and terrestrial (elevated non-flooding areas) habitats of these objects are displayed. A specificity of the studied algoflora lies in the absence of representatives of certain characteristic phyla for the salt-water and non-saline land and water habitats of the territory of Ukraine. It was established that species composition of the studied reservoirs is depleted in comparison with other non-saline and marine ecosystems. Totally, 123 algae species were identified. They represente 7 phyla, 10 classes, 27 orders, 47 families, 68 genera. The largest number of species included three phyla: Cyanoprocaryota – 65 species (52.9% of the total number of identified species), Bacillariophyta – 26 (21.1%), Chlorophyta – 22 (17.9%). The first places among the six leading orders were taken by cyanoprocaryotes from Oscillatoriales, Nostocales, Chroococcales and diatoms from Naviculales. The most numerous species at the family level are trichomous cyanoprocaryotes from Nostocaceae, Pseudanabaenaceae, and Phormidiaceae. There were found 23 leading genera – their species richness exceeds the average indicator (1.81 species). According to the results of original studies, it was noted that all taxonomic levels of algoflora of the hyperhaline reservoirs shows features of not only saline habitats, but also of the freshwater, marine and terrestrial extreme ecosystems. Such diversity of the algal population indicates an unstable hydrological regime and complex relations of water exchange between the hyperhaline reservoirs and nearby terrestrial and aquatic habitats.

scholarly journals Hazardous phenomena in the slides zone of the Ukrainian section in Azov sea

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Azov Sea ◽  
Coastal Sea ◽  
Landslide Processes ◽  
High Degree

Formulation of the problem. According long- term data analyses under the slides zone in Ukrainian part of the Azov sea sustainable processes had been marked. Landslides are most active in autumn and spring. The activation of landslides occurs under the influence of man-made and natural factors. The most significant factor is coastal abrasion. Review of previous publications. It was established that the air temperature and precipitation, the temperature and salinity of sea waters and the hydrometeorological regime of the coastal zone and the water balance of the Black and Azov seas as well depends on climatic changes. The rising of the sea level has intensified over the past decades. These changes found a response in the coastal zone that reacted to them and acquired corresponding trends. Purpose is to determine the reasons for the formation of dynamically unstable sectors and the possibility of protecting the shores on the Ukrainian coast in the Azov Sea, the subject is landslide processes, as the result of the abrasion of the shores, the object is the variability of the natural and anthropogenic conditions of the Ukrainian coast of the Azov Sea in the area of interaction between the sea and land. Methods. Analyses of images space and temporal dynamic of Earth remote sensing satellites by DigitalGlobe, USGS LandLook and Sentinel were used and also retrospective long term of hydrometeorological data and standard statistical methods. Results. The places (areas) with pronounced coastal dynamic processes on the Ukrainian coast of the Azov Sea were identified, that require special attention: two in the Kherson region, five in the Zaporozhye region and four in Donetsk. In the coastal zone of the Azov Sea the rate of abrasion from 1 to 4 m per year (in exceptional cases up to 15 m per year) was marked. In a period of significant level rises, the flooding of ports, berths, the destruction of hydraulic engineering structures, storage facilities, and residential buildings is possible. Also, during the period of the significant decreasing of the sea level, the already limited depth of the approach channels decreases again, that disrupts the operation of the fleet. Conclusions. Investigations of the current state of the Ukrainian coastal zone of the Azov Sea, that is significant importance for the sustainable the economy development, the recreational region’s potential and the social level of the population. It has been established that in the eastern regions of the Azov coast of Ukraine there are a deficit of sediments and a high degree of variability of the abrasion form of the coastal-sea relief is noted, and an excess of sediments are formed in the western and northwestern regions.

scholarly journals Incremental improvements of 2030 targets insufficient to achieve the Paris Agreement goals

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 697-708
Author(s):  
Andreas Geiges ◽  
Alexander Nauels ◽  
Paola Yanguas Parra ◽  
Marina Andrijevic ◽  
William Hare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Change Scenario ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract. Current global mitigation ambition up to 2030 under the Paris Agreement, reflected in the National Determined Contributions (NDCs), is insufficient to achieve the agreement's 1.5 ∘C long-term temperature limit. As governments are preparing new and updated NDCs for 2020, the question as to how much collective improvement is achieved is a pivotal one for the credibility of the international climate regime. The recent Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5 ∘C by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has assessed a wide range of scenarios that achieve the 1.5 ∘C limit. Those pathways are characterised by a substantial increase in near-term action and total greenhouse gas (GHG) emission levels about 50 % lower than what is implied by current NDCs. Here we assess the outcomes of different scenarios of NDC updating that fall short of achieving this 1.5 ∘C benchmark. We find that incremental improvements in reduction targets, even if achieved globally, are insufficient to align collective ambition with the goals of the Paris Agreement. We provide estimates for global mean temperature increase by 2100 for different incremental NDC update scenarios and illustrate climate impacts under those median scenarios for extreme temperature, long-term sea-level rise and economic damages for the most vulnerable countries. Under the assumption of maintaining ambition as reflected in current NDCs up to 2100 and beyond, we project a reduction in the gross domestic product (GDP) in tropical countries of around 60 % compared to a no-climate-change scenario and median long-term sea-level rise of close to 2 m in 2300. About half of these impacts can be avoided by limiting warming to 1.5 ∘C or below. Scenarios of more incremental NDC improvements do not lead to comparable reductions in climate impacts. An increase in aggregated NDC ambition of big emitters by 33 % in 2030 does not reduce presented climate impacts by more than about half compared to limiting warming to 1.5 ∘C. Our results underscore that a transformational increase in 2030 ambition is required to achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement and avoid the worst impacts of climate change.

scholarly journals Incremental improvements of 2030 targets insufficient to achieve the Paris Agreement goals

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Geiges ◽  
Paola Yanguas Parra ◽  
Marina Andrijevic ◽  
William Hare ◽  
Alexander Nauels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Change Scenario ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract. Current global mitigation ambition as under the Paris Agreement as reflected in the National Determined Contributions (NDCs) up to 2030 is insufficient to achieve the Agreement's 1.5 °C long term temperature limit. As governments are preparing new and updated NDCs for 2020, the question as to how much collective improvement is achieved is a pivotal one for the credibility of the international climate regime. The recent Special Report of the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change on Global Warming of 1.5 °C has assessed a wide range of scenarios that achieve the 1.5 °C limit. Those pathways are characterized by a substantial increase in near-term action and total greenhouse gas (GHG) emission levels about 50 % lower than what is implied by current NDCs. Here we assess the outcomes of different scenarios of NDC updating that fall short of achieving this 1.5 °C benchmark. We find that incremental improvements in reduction targets even if achieved globally, are insufficient to align collective ambition with the goals of the Paris Agreement. We provide estimates for global mean temperature increase by 2100 for different incremental NDC update scenarios and illustrate climate impacts under those scenarios including for extreme temperature, long-term sea level rise and economic damages for the most vulnerable countries. Under the assumption of maintaining ambition as reflected in current NDCs up to 2100 and beyond, we project a reduction in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in tropical countries of about 50–60 % compared to a no-climate change scenario and long-term sea-level rise of close to 2 m in 2300. About half of these impacts can be avoided by limiting warming to 1.5 °C, or below. Scenarios of more incremental NDC improvements do not lead to comparable reductions in climate impacts. An increase in 2030 of the aggregated NDC ambition of big emitters by 33 % does not deliver more than about half the potential reduction in climate impacts compared to limiting warming to 1.5 °C. Our results underscore that a transformational increase in 2030 ambition is required to achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement and avoid the worst impacts of climate change.

scholarly journals A SHORT REVIEW OF DISTRIBUTION OF DICTYOCAULUS FILARIA RUDOLPHI (1809) LUNG NEMATODE IN SHEEP OF DIFFERENT CLIMATE AND LANDSCAPE ZONES OF ARMENIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 349-355
Author(s):  
Movsesyan ◽  
Petrosyan ◽  
Nikoghosyan ◽  
Terenina ◽  
Voronin
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Age Dynamics ◽  
Adult Sheep ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Long Term Studies

Original long-term studies of the authors on the sheep infestation by D. filaria in conditions of pronounced vertical zonal character of climate and landscape belts (300–2000 m above sea level) have shown a presence of wide infestation among all age groups of the animals: in lambs up to 60%, in young sheep up to 57% and in adult sheep up to 45%. Dictyocaulus is also present in moufflons and bezoar goats in Armenia. The main reasons for such a wide infection are the following: • a monoxenous character of D. filaria life cycle, i.e. the parasite being a geohelminth; • its survivability in wide range of biotic conditions; • an insufficient volume of planned prophylaxis measures against dictyocaulosis. A study of seasonal and age dynamics on author's own and literature data was also performed. Dynamics of infestation of lambs with Dictyocaulus is in both lowlands and mountain zones characterized with 2 peaks: summer and autumn ones (prevalence reaching 29.0% for lowlands, 42.0% for highlands in contrast to 5.7% and 2.8% respectively in the spring) with no invasion at start of the year. For young and adult sheep, dynamics of invasion with Dictyocaulus is characterized with high prevalence in spring and autumn periods (start of the year prevalence up to 45.0%, decrease to 15–25.0% in summer, rising to 40.0% and higher in October-December).

SATELLITE DATA FOR INVESTIGATION OF RECENT STATE AND PROCESSES IN THE SIVASH BAY

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Shchurova ◽  
Ekaterina Shchurova ◽  
Rimma Stanichnaya ◽  
Rimma Stanichnaya ◽  
Sergey Stanichny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Data ◽  
Water Exchange ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Azov Sea ◽  
Seasonal Wind ◽  
Ice Regime ◽  
Very High

Sivash bay is the shallow-water lagoon of the Azov Sea. Restricted water exchange and high evaporation form Sivash as the basin with very high salinity. This factor leads to different from the Azov Sea thermal and ice regimes of Sivash. Maine aim of the study presented to investigate recent state and changes of the characteristics and processes in the basin using satellite data. Landsat scanners TM, ETM+, OLI, TIRS together with MODIS and AVHRR were used. Additionally NOMADS NOAA and MERRA meteorological data were analyzed. The next topics are discussed in the work: 1. Changes of the sea surface temperature, ice regime and relation with salinity. 2. Coastal line transformation – long term and seasonal, wind impact. 3. Manifestation of the Azov waters intrusions through the Arabat spit, preferable wind conditions.

scholarly journals SEA-LEVEL EFFECT ON ANNUAL CYCLIC BEACH MORPHOLOGY IN SWASH ZONE AT HASAKI COAST

2018 ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Masayuki Banno ◽  
Yoshiaki Kuriyama
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Swash Zone ◽  
Beach Profile ◽  
Beach Morphology ◽  
Bruun Rule ◽  
Decadal Scale ◽  
And Sea Level

depend on the accurate knowledge of the beach response to sea level regime on multi-time scale. For the long-term beach response, Bruun (1962) suggested that the equilibrium beach profile would move to new equilibrium profile in response to a rising sea level. In this concept called as Bruun rule, the upper part of the beach profile is eroded due to the sea level rise, resulting in the shoreline retreat. It is widely used for the future shoreline prediction. However, the Bruun rule predicts just only the final beach state with a constant wave impinging for an infinite period after sea level rise. On the other hand, simultaneous function of wave and sea level is more important on interannual to decadal-scale beach response. El niño in 2015 and 2016 increased wave energy and sea level, corresponding to large beach erosion across the US west coast (Barnard et al., 2017). Sea level influences the response sensitivity to the wave forcing as a subordinate factor on the morphological change. High water level anomalies made the beach more eroded even if the wave condition was equal. Beach morphology in the swash zone often changes on a 1-year cycle due to seasonal wave conditions. The effect of sea level on the annual cyclic beach morphology in swash zone is still unclear because long-term beach observation data required for the analysis are difficult to obtain. In this study, we investigated the simultaneous effects of the wave and sea level on annual cyclic beach morphology in the swash zone with spectrum analysis for 25-year Hasaki beach observation data.

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