scholarly journals Training Pathways to Working as a General Practitioner in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siqing Lian ◽  
Qi Chen ◽  
Mi Yao ◽  
Chunhua Chi ◽  
Michael D. Fetters
Keyword(s):  
General Practitioner ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Clinical Training ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Junior College ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Advanced Degree ◽  
Bachelor Of Science ◽  
Practitioner Training ◽  
Rural Doctor

Background and Objectives: To achieve the goal of 300,000 general practitioners by 2020—an increase of 215,200 in a decade—China is utilizing multiple training pathways. To comprehensively illustrate general practitioner training strategies in China, this article introduces and describes these pathways. Methods: We used descriptive policy analysis. This involved taking an inventory of existing literature and source documents and developing a model to illustrate pathways for training general practice physicians. Results: The rural doctor pathway represents rural clinicians who had only basic training and practiced multiple years prior to training reforms. The 3+2 pathway to assistant general practitioners requires 3 years of junior college and 2 years of clinical training. The transfer pathway for current physicians requires 1-2 years of training. The 5+3 pathway comprises 5 years of bachelor of science degree training in clinical medicine and 3 years of standardized residency training. Despite the development of advanced degree programs, their use remains limited. Conclusions: These pathways illustrate significant heterogeneity in training of general practitioners. Training ranges from a 2-year technical degree to a doctorate with research. Emphasis on the 5+3 track shows promise for China’s goals of improved quality and new goal of 500,000 additional general practitioners by 2030.

scholarly journals Qualitative Evaluation of the General Practitioner Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases Training Programme

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunyu Zhang ◽  
Fang Fang ◽  
Mingqiang Peng ◽  
Ying Zhao ◽  
Ruixue Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Practitioner ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Outpatient Clinic ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Interview Data ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Practitioner Training

Abstract Background: In China, general practitioners have limited ability to provide care for common chronic non-communicable diseases because they lack postgraduate training. In an attempt to improve general practitioners’ skills in this regard, the present authors previously launched the Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases Training Programme. The present study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of this programme.Methods: Thirty-nine trainee general practitioners who participated in the programme underwent semi-structured interviews, which explored how they performed the training, what they achieved from the programme, and their suggestions for future programmes. The interview data were analysed using a thematic analysis approach.Results: Under the guidance of supervisors, the thirty-nine trainee general practitioners completed the structured but individualised training plan, which comprised a four-day basic theory class, three months practicing in a ward, and six months assisting in an outpatient clinic. They reported an improvement in their ability to provide care for chronic non-communicable diseases and perform two-way referral, as well as their communication with patients. They also reported that, since returning to their communities, they had become more confident, were building better relationships with their patients, and had changed their clinic behaviours from copying prescriptions to making medical decisions independently. Their principal suggestion for the training programme was to alter the order of the training, as they preferred to practice in the ward before assisting in the outpatient clinic.Conclusion: The course comprised a learner-centred, practice- and apprenticeship-based, general-practitioner training programme. Given the participants’ progress and the beneficial effects of the programme reported in the interview data, it appears to be worthwhile to extend the General Practitioner Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases Training Programme.

scholarly journals Qualitative evaluation of the general practitioner chronic non-communicable diseases training programme

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunyu Zhang ◽  
Fang Fang ◽  
Mingqiang Peng ◽  
Ying Zhao ◽  
Ruixue Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Practitioner ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Outpatient Clinic ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Interview Data ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Practitioner Training

Abstract Background In China, general practitioners have limited ability to provide care for common chronic non-communicable diseases because they lack postgraduate training. In an attempt to improve general practitioners’ skills in this regard, the present authors previously launched the Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases Training Programme. The present study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of this programme. Methods Thirty-nine trainee general practitioners who participated in the programme underwent semi-structured interviews, which explored how they performed the training, what they achieved from the programme, and their suggestions for future programmes. The interview data were analysed using a thematic analysis approach. Results Under the guidance of supervisors, the thirty-nine trainee general practitioners completed the structured but individualised training plan, which comprised a four-day basic theory class, 3 months practising in a ward, and 6 months assisting in an outpatient clinic. They reported an improvement in their ability to provide care for chronic non-communicable diseases and perform two-way referral, as well as their communication with patients. They also reported that, since returning to their communities, they had become more confident, were building better relationships with their patients, and had changed their clinic behaviours from copying prescriptions to making medical decisions independently. Their principal suggestion for the training programme was to alter the order of the training, as they preferred to practice in the ward before assisting in the outpatient clinic. Conclusion The course comprised a learner-centred, practice- and apprenticeship-based, general-practitioner training programme. Given the participants’ progress and the beneficial effects of the programme reported in the interview data, it appears to be worthwhile to extend the General Practitioner Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases Training Programme.

scholarly journals Qualitative Evaluation of the General Practitioner Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases Training Programme

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunyu Zhang ◽  
Fang Fang ◽  
Mingqiang Peng ◽  
Ying Zhao ◽  
Ruixue Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Practitioner ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Outpatient Clinic ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Interview Data ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Practitioner Training

Abstract Background: In China, general practitioners have limited ability to provide care for common chronic non-communicable diseases because they lack postgraduate training. In an attempt to improve general practitioners’ skills in this regard, the present authors previously launched the Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases Training Programme. The present study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of this programme.Methods: Thirty-nine trainee general practitioners who participated in the programme underwent semi-structured interviews, which explored how they performed the training, what they achieved from the programme, and their suggestions for future programmes. The interview data were analysed using a thematic analysis approach.Results: Under the guidance of supervisors, the thirty-nine trainee general practitioners completed the structured but individualised training plan, which comprised a four-day basic theory class, three months practising in a ward, and six months assisting in an outpatient clinic. They reported an improvement in their ability to provide care for chronic non-communicable diseases and perform two-way referral, as well as their communication with patients. They also reported that, since returning to their communities, they had become more confident, were building better relationships with their patients, and had changed their clinic behaviours from copying prescriptions to making medical decisions independently. Their principal suggestion for the training programme was to alter the order of the training, as they preferred to practice in the ward before assisting in the outpatient clinic.Conclusion: The course comprised a learner-centred, practice- and apprenticeship-based, general-practitioner training programme. Given the participants’ progress and the beneficial effects of the programme reported in the interview data, it appears to be worthwhile to extend the General Practitioner Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases Training Programme.

Postmarketing Surveillance Based on Electronic Patient Records: The IPCI Project

1999 ◽  
Vol 38 (04/05) ◽  
pp. 339-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. van der Lei ◽  
B. M. Th. Mosseveld ◽  
M. A. M. van Wijk ◽  
P. D. van der Linden ◽  
M. C. J. M. Sturkenboom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Practitioner ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Validation Studies ◽  
Resource Planning ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Patient Records ◽  
Postmarketing Surveillance ◽  
Electronic Patient Records ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Data Requirements

AbstractResearchers claim that data in electronic patient records can be used for a variety of purposes including individual patient care, management, and resource planning for scientific research. Our objective in the project Integrated Primary Care Information (IPCI) was to assess whether the electronic patient records of Dutch general practitioners contain sufficient data to perform studies in the area of postmarketing surveillance studies. We determined the data requirements for postmarketing surveil-lance studies, implemented additional software in the electronic patient records of the general practitioner, developed an organization to monitor the use of data, and performed validation studies to test the quality of the data. Analysis of the data requirements showed that additional software had to be installed to collect data that is not recorded in routine practice. To avoid having to obtain informed consent from each enrolled patient, we developed IPCI as a semianonymous system: both patients and participating general practitioners are anonymous for the researchers. Under specific circumstances, the researcher can contact indirectly (through a trusted third party) the physician that made the data available. Only the treating general practitioner is able to decode the identity of his patients. A Board of Supervisors predominantly consisting of participating general practitioners monitors the use of data. Validation studies show the data can be used for postmarketing surveillance. With additional software to collect data not normally recorded in routine practice, data from electronic patient record of general practitioners can be used for postmarketing surveillance.

scholarly journals General Practitioners’ Participation in a Large, Multicountry Combined General Practitioner-Patient Survey: Recruitment Procedures and Participation Rate

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter P. Groenewegen ◽  
Stefan Greß ◽  
Willemijn Schäfer
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
General Practitioner ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Patient Survey ◽  
Complex Data ◽  
Participation Rates ◽  
Recruitment Procedure

Background. The participation of general practitioners (GPs) is essential in research on the performance of primary care. This paper describes the implementation of a large, multicountry study in primary care that combines a survey among GPs and a linked survey among patients that visited their practice (the QUALICOPC study). The aim is to describe the recruitment procedure and explore differences between countries in the participation rate of the GPs. Methods. Descriptive analyses were used to document recruitment procedures and to assess hypotheses potentially explaining variation in participation rates between countries. Results. The survey was implemented in 31 European countries. GPs were mainly selected through random sampling. The actual implementation of the study differed between countries. The median participation rate was 30%. Both material (such as the payment system of GPs in a country) and immaterial influences (such as estimated survey pressure) are related to differences between countries. Conclusion. This study shows that the participation of GPs may indeed be influenced by the context of the country. The implementation of complex data collection is difficult to realize in a completely uniform way. Procedures have to be tuned to the context of the country.

Improving correspondence to general practitioners regarding patients attending the ENT emergency clinic: a regional general practitioner survey and audit

2007 ◽  
Vol 121 (12) ◽  
pp. 1189-1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Wasson ◽  
L Pearce ◽  
T Alun-Jones
Keyword(s):  
General Practitioner ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Satisfaction Score ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Practitioner Survey ◽  
Patient Service ◽  
Summary Letter

AbstractIntroduction:The ENT emergency clinic provides an important out-patient service; however, often, no correspondence is sent to the general practitioner.Aim:To conduct a general practitioner questionnaire audit in order to assess whether a standardised, computerised clinic letter template could improve communication between the ENT emergency clinic and patients' general practitioners.Standard:All ENT emergency clinic patients should have a summary letter sent to their general practitioner.Methods:One hundred general practitioner questionnaires were enclosed with the first 100 ENT emergency clinic template letters sent to patients' general practitioners.Results:Seventy-two general practitioners responded (72 per cent). Of these respondents, only 7 per cent had previously received regular correspondence from the ENT emergency clinic before the introduction of the computerised letter template. Following its implementation, such a letter was sent to 100 per cent of the clinic patients' general practitioners. Ninety-seven per cent of the general practitioners valued the template letter, with a mean satisfaction score of 8.4 on a 10-point scale. Eighty-six per cent of the general practitioners stated that they would not prefer a dictated letter.Conclusion:The introduction of a simple, computerised clinic letter template improves communication with ENT emergency clinic patients' general practitioners.

scholarly journals Diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of heart failure patients by general practitioners: A Delphi consensus statement

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0244485
Author(s):  
Caroline Verhestraeten ◽  
Gijs Weijers ◽  
Daphne Debleu ◽  
Agnieszka Ciarka ◽  
Marc Goethals ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
General Practitioner ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Blood Analysis ◽  
Care Process ◽  
Delphi Panel ◽  
Delphi Consensus ◽  
Heart Failure Patients

Aims Creation of an algorithm that includes the most important parameters (history, clinical parameters, and anamnesis) that can be linked to heart failure, helping general practitioners in recognizing heart failure in an early stage and in a better follow-up of the patients. Methods and results The algorithm was created using a consensus-based Delphi panel technique with fifteen general practitioners and seven cardiologists from Belgium. The method comprises three iterations with general statements on diagnosis, referral and treatment, and follow-up. Consensus was obtained for the majority of statements related to diagnosis, referral, and follow-up, whereas a lack of consensus was seen for treatment statements. Based on the statements with good and perfect consensus, an algorithm for general practitioners was assembled, helping them in diagnoses and follow-up of heart failure patients. The diagnosis should be based on three essential pillars, i.e. medical history, anamnesis and clinical examination. In case of suspected heart failure, blood analysis, including the measurement of NT-proBNP levels, can already be performed by the general practitioner followed by referral to the cardiologist who is then responsible for proper diagnosis and initiation of treatment. Afterwards, a multidisciplinary health care process between the cardiologist and the general practitioner is crucial with an important role for the general practitioner who has a key role in the up-titration of heart failure medication, down-titration of the dose of diuretics and to assure drug compliance. Conclusions Based on the consensus levels of statements in a Delphi panel setting, an algorithm is created to help general practitioners in the diagnosis and follow-up of heart failure patients.

scholarly journals Core Values of Family Physicians and General Practitioners in the African Context

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry J. O. Lawson ◽  
David N. N. Nortey
Keyword(s):  
Family Medicine ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Clinical Training ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Family Physicians ◽  
Core Values ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The Core ◽  
Daunting Task

Introduction: Family Medicine is a growing specialty in the medical world. While it is expected that the specialty should have its own unique and established core values and tasks, the breath of the practice in several countries of the world has made this a daunting task. Core values and Tasks have far reaching effects on professions. They guide development of curricula, methods of instruction, standards of performance and even the culture of the profession. We aimed to explore the core value system of Family Physicians and General Practitioners practicing in Africa.Methods: Using the Delphi technique, a purposive selection of African Family Medicine practitioners in academia, public service, private practice and clinical training across Central, East, North, South and West Africa was conducted. Participants were asked to select five core values from an alphabetically collated global list of 29 core values in an online survey. The five most selected core values were collated and sent out in the second round to the participants to rank in order of importance.Results: Practitioners from nine African countries in three out of the five United Nations subregions of Africa completed the study. The first round of the study saw participation of a team of nineteen experts who selected the following five core values—Comprehensive care, Continuity of Care, Collaborative Care, Patient centered care, and Life-long learning.Discussion/Conclusion: The core values selected were not very different from global literature. These core values should guide the development of curricula, standardization of training methods and creation of benchmarks for standards of practice for the specialty in Africa.

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