scholarly journals Assessment of Hematological Parameters and Uterine Hemodynamic Indices in Bitches with Pyometra

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeynep Günay Uçmak ◽  
İbrahim Kurban ◽  
Melih Uçmak
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Uterine Artery ◽  
Color Image ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Uterine Blood Flow ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Luminal Content ◽  
Hematological Analysis

Background: Pyometra is defined as chronic purulent inflammation of the uterus that causes changes in hematological and biochemical parameters. The disease is characterized with bacterial infection and pus accumulation in the uterus. Transabdominal B-mode ultrasonography provides easy and certain diagnosis of this disease. The hemodynamic changes in pyometra are evaluated by Doppler ultrasonography. The aim of the study is to determine the changes in hematological parameters and Doppler indices in bitches with pyometra, diestrus healthy bitches and evaluate the relationship between hematological parameters and hemodynamic indices within the both groups.Materials, Methods & Results: A total number of 27 bitches were enrolled in the study. The healthy diestrus bitches (group H; n = 7) aged 6.2 ± 1.14 years, weighted 14.57 ± 3.75 kg. The bitches with pyometra (group PYO; n = 20) aged 9.1 ± 0.62 years and weighted 17.65 ± 2.60 kg. Before all bitches had ovariohisterectomy, hematological analyses were performed. Transabdominal ultrasonography (USG) was performed with a 6.6 MHz convex transducer. The widest cross-sectional uterine diameter (UD), wall thickness of uterine horns (UWT) and presence of luminal content were evaluated. Diameter of the uterine artery (DUA) was measured on a mapped color image using the USG software program. The examination was carried out with pulsed-wave Doppler USG to characterize the waveform of the uterine artery (UA). Anechogenic areas in uterine lumen, increase in UD and UWT were observed in group PYO. All cases in group PYO had luminal content in both uterine horns ranging from 1.2 to 5.6 cm. The DUAs were measured in group H and in group PYO as 1.75 ± 0.03 mm, 1.94 ± 0.08 mm; respectively (P < 0.05). The PI and RI values of group PYO were lower than group H (P < 0.001). Hematological analysis results showed that RBC, HGB, HCT levels in group PYO were lower than group H (P < 0.001). However, WBC, NEU, LYM, MONO levels in group PYO were higher than group H. Hemodynamic indices were positively correlated with RBC, HGB, HCT, whereas they were inversely correlated with NEU, WBC, UD and UWT. Also, PI value was negatively correlated with MONO.Discussion: Cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH) is a predisposing factor for development of the pyometra in bitches. Besides, naturally occurring CEH and pyometra can arise independently from each other. The enlarged uterine body exhibits the development of intense exudative processes due to the higher proliferative stimulation in uterine infections. Uterine infections were associated with increase in uterine blood flow. Elevated uterine blood flow, vasodilatation and angiogenesis arise during inflammatory response. The inflammatory process leads to a diminution in hemodynamic indices of uterine arteries. Total blood count parameters are affected from the presence of pyometra. Elevated levels of leukocytes in bitches with pyometra are associated with worsening prognosis. Erythrocyte diapedesis into the lumen of the uterus, toxic depression of erythropoiesis in the bone marrow can cause anemia. In conclusion, hematological parameters were strongly correlated with hemodynamic indices in this study. Reduced RBC, HGB and HCT levels, decreased PI and RI values and elevated levels of UD, UWT, DUA were observed in group PYO. To our knowledge, this was the first study that observed the increase in DUA during pyometra in bitches.

Uterine artery pseudoaneurysm and embolisation during pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. e234058
Author(s):  
Jared T Roeckner ◽  
Adetola F Louis-Jacques ◽  
Bruce R Zwiebel ◽  
Judette M Louis
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Uterine Artery ◽  
Thrombin Injection ◽  
Uterine Blood Flow ◽  
Coil Embolisation ◽  
Artery Pseudoaneurysm ◽  
Healthy Young Woman ◽  
Dangerous Condition ◽  
Uterine Artery Pseudoaneurysm ◽  
In Pregnancy

Uterine artery pseudoaneurysm in pregnancy is a dangerous condition as rupture can be catastrophic due to the large volume of uterine blood flow. We present a case of a healthy, young woman with a desired pregnancy at 15 weeks of gestation incidentally discovered to have a pseudoaneurysm of the uterine artery during a routine prenatal ultrasound. She underwent initial thrombin injection followed by endovascular coil embolisation of the left uterine artery and carried the pregnancy to term without further complications.

Functional role of angiotensin II type 1 and 2 receptors in regulation of uterine blood flow in nonpregnant sheep

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (2) ◽  
pp. H353-H359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna S. Lambers ◽  
Suzanne G. Greenberg ◽  
Kenneth E. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Uterine Artery ◽  
Receptor Subtype ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Uterine Blood Flow ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Vascular Responses

The objective was to determine the receptor subtype of angiotensin II (ANG II) that is responsible for vasoconstriction in the nonpregnant ovine uterine and systemic vasculatures. Seven nonpregnant estrogenized ewes with indwelling uterine artery catheters and flow probes received bolus injections (0.1, 0.3 and 1 μg) of ANG II locally into the uterine artery followed by a systemic infusion of ANG II at 100 ng ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1for 10 min to determine uterine vasoconstrictor responses. Uterine ANG II dose-response curves were repeated following administration of the ANG II type 2 receptor (AT2) antagonist PD-123319 and then repeated again in the presence of an ANG II type 1 receptor (AT1) antagonist L-158809. In a second experiment, designed to investigate the mechanism of ANG II potentiation that occurred in the presence of AT2 blockade, nonestrogenized sheep received a uterine artery infusion of L-158809 (3 mg/min for 5 min) prior to the infusion of 0.03 μg/min of ANG II for 10 min. ANG II produced dose-dependent decreases in uterine blood flow ( P < 0.03), which were potentiated in the presence of the AT2 antagonist ( P < 0.02). Addition of the AT1 antagonist abolished the uterine vascular responses and blocked ANG II-induced increases in systemic arterial pressure ( P < 0.01). Significant uterine vasodilation ( P < 0.01) was noted with AT1 blockade in the second experiment, which was reversed by administration of the AT2 antagonist or by the nitric oxide synthetase inhibitor N ω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester. We conclude that the AT1- receptors mediate the systemic and uterine vasoconstrictor responses to ANG II in the nonpregnant ewe. AT2-receptor blockade resulted in a potentiation of the uterine vasoconstrictor response to ANG II, suggesting that the AT2-receptor subtype may modulate uterine vascular responses to ANG II potentially by release of nitric oxide.

Alterations of mature arterioles associated with chronically reduced blood flow

1993 ◽  
Vol 264 (1) ◽  
pp. H40-H44 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Wang ◽  
R. L. Prewitt
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Total Blood Flow ◽  
Autoregulatory Mechanism

Adaptive responses of mature arterioles were examined after a 38% reduction in total blood flow to the cremaster muscle produced by unilateral orchidectomy in 12-wk-old rats. Four weeks later, the muscle was smaller than the contralateral cremaster, which did not increase in size during this period. Measured by closed-circuit television microscopy, the internal diameters of first- through fourth-order arterioles (1A-4A) were smaller, but wall cross-sectional area was reduced only in 3As. The smaller diameter of the 1A in the orchidectomy muscle resulted in unchanged wall shear rate. As determined from the perfusion-fixed, microfilled cremaster muscles, the total length of the arcading arterioles and the number of 3As were not statistically different, but the total number of 4As was significantly reduced on the orchidectomy side. Therefore, chronic load reduction in a mature muscle resulted in reduced blood flow, decreased number of 4As, and smaller arteriolar internal diameters in the absence of net changes in vascular wall cross-sectional area. A local autoregulatory mechanism related to flow-induced shear stress is suggested as the mechanism mediating the changes.

Effects of hyperthermia on uterine blood flow and shunting through uterine arteriovenous anastomoses in the late-pregnant ewe

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne L. Miller ◽  
Graham Jenkin ◽  
David W. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Respiratory Alkalosis ◽  
Uterine Horn ◽  
Arteriovenous Anastomoses ◽  
Uterine Blood Flow ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Uterine Arteries ◽  
Pregnant Sheep

The effect of maternal hyperthermia on uterine blood flow (UBF) through the two main uterine arteries and on the proportion of UBF shunted through uterine arteriovenous anastomoses (AVAs) was investigated. Eight late-pregnant ewes were exposed to normothermic (22–23˚C) or hyperthermic (approx-imately 39˚C) ambient conditions for 8 h. UBF was measured in the left and right uterine arteries using flow probes and microspheres were injected into the uterine artery before, during and after the experimental period. The distribution of microspheres between the uterus and lungs was determined to calculate changes in capillary and AVA blood flows. Hyperthermia produced a significant (P<0.05) increase in maternal core temperature (+1.5˚C), increase in maternal blood pH (+0.21; P<0.05) and decrease in maternal pCO 2 (–16.2 mmHg; P<0.05). Blood flow to the uterine horn ipsilateral to the corpus luteum (CL) remained unchanged during hyperthermia, whereas total UBF and blood flow to the contralateral uterine horn were significantly decreased (P<0.05), by 23.1% and 20.8%, respectively, of pre-heat control values. The proportion of UBF shunted through uterine AVAs during hyperthermia was not significantly different from values observed in normothermic ewes (21.9 0.7%). Mild to moderate hyperthermia in late-pregnant sheep induces respiratory alkalosis and decreases total blood flow to the uterus, brought about by a decrease in blood flow to the uterine horn contralateral, but not ipsilateral to the CL. Heat treatment does not alter the proportion of UBF traversing uterine AVAs.

scholarly journals Large Conductance Ca2+-Activated and Voltage-Activated K+ Channels Contribute to the Rise and Maintenance of Estrogen-Induced Uterine Vasodilation and Maintenance of Blood Pressure

Endocrinology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 153 (12) ◽  
pp. 6012-6020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles R. Rosenfeld ◽  
Timothy Roy
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Uterine Artery ◽  
K Channel ◽  
Uterine Blood Flow ◽  
K Channels ◽  
Channel Inhibition ◽  
Estradiol 17Β ◽  
Cgmp Synthesis

Abstract Uterine blood flow (UBF) increases greater than 4-fold 90 min after systemic estradiol-17β (E2β) in nonpregnant sheep and remains elevated longer than 6–8 h; mean arterial pressure (MAP) is unchanged. Large-conductance Ca+2-activated (BKCa) and voltage-activated (KV) K+ channels contribute to the acute rise in UBF; their role in maintaining UBF and MAP longer than 90 min is unknown. We examined this in five nonpregnant, ovariectomized ewes with uterine artery (UA) flow probes and catheters in a UA for infusion of K+ channel inhibitors and uterine vein to sample venous effluent. Animals received systemic E2β (1.0 μg/kg; control), E2β+UA tetraethylammonium (TEA; 0.4–0.8 mm, n = 4), and E2β+UA 4-aminopyridine (4-AP; 0.01–0.08 mm, n = 4) to block BKCa and KV, respectively, while monitoring MAP, heart rate, and UBF. Uterine cGMP synthesis was measured. Ninety minutes after E2β, UBF rose 4.5-fold, uterine vascular resistance (UVR) fell greater than 5-fold and MAP was unchanged [78 ± 0.8 (sem) vs. 77 ± 1.5 mm Hg] in control studies and before UA inhibition with TEA and 4-AP. Between 90 and 120min, UBF, UVR, and MAP were unchanged after E2β alone. E2β+TEA dose dependently decreased ipsilateral UBF and increased UVR (24 ± 8.9 and 38 ± 16%, respectively, at 0.8 mm; P &lt; 0.03); MAP was unchanged. Contralateral UBF/UVR were unaffected. E2β+4-AP also dose dependently decreased ipsilateral UBF and increased UVR (27 ± 5.3 and 76 ± 18%, respectively, at 0.08 mm; P &lt; 0.001); however, MAP rose 27 ± 6.9% (P ≤ 0.006). E2β increased uterine cGMP synthesis greater than 3.5-fold and was unaffected by local K+ channel inhibition. BKCa and KV contribute to the rise and maintenance of E2β-induced uterine vasodilation, which is partially cGMP dependent. Systemic vascular KV also contributes to maintaining MAP after systemic E2β.

Increasing Maternal Blood Pressure with Ephedrine Increases Uterine Artery Blood Flow Velocity during Uterine Contraction

2002 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 612-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Ducros ◽  
Philippe Bonnin ◽  
Bernard P. Cholley ◽  
Eric Vicaut ◽  
Moncef Benayed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Uterine Artery ◽  
Uterine Contraction ◽  
Perfusion Pressure ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Hemodynamic Parameters ◽  
Uterine Blood Flow ◽  
Uterine Contractions ◽  
Uterine Perfusion

Background During labor, ephedrine is widely used to prevent or to treat maternal arterial hypotension and restore uterine perfusion pressure to avoid intrapartum fetal asphyxia. However, the effects of ephedrine on uterine blood flow have not been studied during uterine contractions. The purpose of the study was to assess the effects of ephedrine on uterine artery velocities and resistance index using the Doppler technique during the active phase of labor. Methods Ten normotensive, healthy parturients with uncomplicated pregnancies at term received intravenous ephedrine during labor to increase mean arterial pressure up to a maximum of 20% above their baseline pressure. Peak systolic and end-diastolic Doppler flow velocities and resistance indices were measured in the uterine artery before and immediately after administration of bolus intravenous ephedrine and after ephedrine washout. Umbilical and fetal middle cerebral arterial resistance indices and fetal heart rate were also calculated. Results After ephedrine administration, mean arterial pressure increased by 17 +/- 4%. End-diastolic flow velocity in the uterine artery at peak amplitude of uterine contraction was restored to 74% of the value observed in the absence of contraction. The systolic velocity was totally restored, and the uterine resistance index was significantly decreased, compared with the values in the absence of contraction. Between uterine contractions, ephedrine induced similar but less marked effects. Fetal hemodynamic parameters were not altered by ephedrine administration. Conclusions Bolus administration of intravenous ephedrine reversed the dramatic decrease in diastolic uteroplacental blood flow velocity and the increase in resistance index during uterine contraction, without altering fetal hemodynamic parameters. This suggests that the increase in uterine perfusion pressure during labor could in part restore uterine blood flow to the placenta during uterine contraction.

scholarly journals B- mode and Color Doppler sonographic appearance of pelvic tendon, ligament, and uterine blood flow in non-pregnant and heavy pregnant dairy cows

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Sharshar ◽  
Ahmed Elweza ◽  
Shaaban Gadallah ◽  
Reda Rashed ◽  
Amal Hammad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Uterine Artery ◽  
Doppler Ultrasonography ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
Uterine Blood Flow ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Multiple Imaging ◽  
Dorsal Branch ◽  
Doppler Indices

Abstract The present study was carried out to provide comparative B-mode and Doppler ultrasonographic description of pelvic tendon, ligaments, middle uterine artery and placentom in non-pregnant and heavy pregnant cows. It is also, monitors pregnancy associated changes including hemodynamic parameters of middle uterine artery along with, serum estrogen and progesterone levels. Forty healthy pluiparous dairy cows of native breeds were used in this study. The animals were divided into two groups each contain 20 cows. The first one was non-pregnant and the second one was heavy pregnant at 9th month of gestation. The examination was carried out with multiple imaging B-mode and color Doppler ultrasonography. Pelvic tendon and ligaments including dorsal branch of the dorsal sacroiliac ligament- thoracolumbar fascia combination (D-DSIL-TLF), lateral and ventral branches of the dorsal sacroiliac ligament (L-DSIL and V-DSIL respectively), and sacrosciatic ligament (SSL) as well as the middle uterine artery (MUA) and placentome were examined. Serum estrogen and progesterone levels were also evaluated and compared between both groups. The obtained results revealed that pregnancy greatly influence doppler indices and diameter of MUA as well as serum estrogen and progesterone concentration besides, measurements of pelvic ligaments except for the thickness and cross -sectional area of D-DSIL- TLF combination. The obtained results can be used as a guide for future studies dealing with monitoring normal and abnormal pregnancy in cows.

State of uterine blood flow in women of reproductive age with endometrial hyperplasia

2016 ◽  
pp. 141-143
Author(s):  
V.G. Dubinina ◽  
◽  
K.M. Vizir ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Pulsatility Index ◽  
Uterine Artery ◽  
Endometrial Hyperplasia ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Uterine Blood Flow ◽  
Resistivity Index ◽  
Significant Difference

The objective: to assess the state of uterine blood flow in endometrial hyperplasia in women of reproductive period. Patients and methods. 130 patients (n=100 – the main group; n=30 – control group) aged 18-49 years with endometrial hyperplasia were examined. All the women underwent 2D transvaginal echography and color Doppler mapping. The angle-independent indices (pulsatility index, resistivity index, diastolic/systolic ratio) of blood flow were determined in the uterine, arcuate, radial, basal and spiral arteries. Results. There was no significant difference in the indices of blood flow of the right uterine artery, arcuate, radial, basal arteries among patients and control group. Among women with endometrial hyperplasia pulsatility index of the left uterine artery amounted to – 2.11, resistivity index – 0.88, and the diastolic/systolic ratio – 5.45, in women of the control group – 2.34, 1.01 and 7.50, respectively. Only among patients with endometrial hyperplastic process was registered blood flow in the spiral arteries. Conclusion. The use of color Doppler mapping is appropriate, because registration of intraendometrial blood flow allows an endometrial hyperplastic process to be diagnosed with a high degree of confidence. Key words: endometrial hyperplasia, reproductive period, color Doppler mapping, intraendometrial blood flow, pulsatility index, resistivity index, diastolic/systolic ratio.

scholarly journals [Ca2+]i signaling vs. eNOS expression as determinants of NO output in uterine artery endothelium: relative roles in pregnancy adaptation and reversal by VEGF165

2011 ◽  
Vol 300 (4) ◽  
pp. H1182-H1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu-Xian Yi ◽  
Derek S. Boeldt ◽  
Ronald R. Magness ◽  
Ian M. Bird
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Maximum Rate ◽  
Uterine Artery ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
No Production ◽  
Uterine Blood Flow ◽  
Enos Expression ◽  
In Pregnancy

Pregnancy is a time of greatly increased uterine blood flow to meet the needs of the growing fetus. Increased uterine blood flow is also observed in the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle. Simultaneous fura-2 and 4,5-diaminofluoresceine (DAF-2) imaging reveals that cells of the uterine artery endothelium (UA Endo) from follicular phase ewes produce marginally more nitric oxide (NO) in response to ATP than those from luteal phase. However, this is paralleled by changes in NO in response to ionomycin, suggesting this is solely due to higher levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) protein in the follicular phase. In contrast, UA Endo from pregnant ewes (P-UA Endo) produces substantially more NO (4.62-fold initial maximum rate, 2.56-fold overall NO production) in response to ATP, beyond that attributed to eNOS levels alone (2.07-fold initial maximum rate, 1.93-fold overall with ionomycin). The ATP-stimulated intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) response in individual cells of P-UA Endo comprises an initial peak followed by transient [Ca2+]i bursts that are limited in the luteal phase, not altered in the follicular phase, but are sustained in pregnancy and observed in more cells. Thus pregnancy adaptation of UA Endo NO output occurs beyond the level of eNOS expression and likely through associated [Ca2+]i cell signaling changes. Preeclampsia is a condition of a lack of UA Endo adaptation and poor NO production/vasodilation and is associated with elevated placental VEGF165. While treatment of luteal NP-UA Endo and P-UA Endo with VEGF165 acutely stimulates a very modest [Ca2+]i and NO response, subsequent stimulation of the same vessel with ATP results in a blunted [Ca2+]i and an associated NO response, with P-UA Endo reverting to the response of luteal NP-UA Endo. This demonstrates the importance of adaptation of cell signaling over eNOS expression in pregnancy adaptation of uterine endothelial function and further implicates VEGF in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia.

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