scholarly journals Popular religions and multiple modernities

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (25) ◽  
pp. 38-57
Author(s):  
Cristián Parker
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Eastern Asia ◽  
World Religions ◽  
Multiple Modernities ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
Theoretical View ◽  
Independent Churches ◽  
Multiple Interactions

Religious diversity and pluralism is increasing in Latin America. The religious field that was some decades ago totally Catholic has changed radically. Not only Pentecostalism or NeoPentecostalism but other Evangelicals as well as independent churches of various denominations and forms, non-affiliated people and many diverse (ethnic, afro-American , New Age, etc.) and diffuse religious expressions are growing. The main argument of this paper is that this religious changes toward pluralism can be fully understood in the context of multiple modernities theory, provided that it be revised and modified. A new sociological approach is needed. The classical sociological concepts and theories, beginning with secularization, must be criticized and replaced with a more complex theoretical view. Latin American historical processes must be compared with what is happening in other regions of the world and not only with the West. World religions are answering each one by their own path to multiple interactions with modernities. The key understanding of changes must come from a better insight of popular religions worldwide. Latin American, Eastern Asia, Islam regions, are good examples of popular forms of religious revitalization that contrasts with the Northern European case. They put in evidence the fact that new ways of producing sense and spiritual search in non-Western geo-cultural areas are framing specific relationships between religion and modernities and bringing about new religious pluralisms.

Religious Diversity, Popular Religions and Multiple Modernities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristián Parker Gumucio
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Religious Diversity ◽  
Western History ◽  
Multiple Modernities ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
The World ◽  
Independent Churches

Religious diversity and pluralism are increasing in Latin America. The religious field that some decades ago was mainly Catholic has changed radically. In addition to Pentecostalism and Neo-Pentecostalism, other Evangelical as well as independent churches of various denominations and forms, non-affiliated believers, and many diverse (ethnic, Afro-American, New Age, etc.) and diffuse religious expressions are growing. These religious changes toward pluralism can be understood from a revised theory of multiple modernities. The classical sociological concepts and theories, beginning with secularization, need to be criticized and replaced with a new theoretical approach. Latin American historical processes must be compared with what is happening in other regions of the world and not only with Western history. To understand key changes, popular religions worldwide need to be carefully analyzed. Latin American religions offer a good example of popular forms of religious revitalization that are useful to contrast with the Northern European case. This comparative exercise demonstrates new ways of producing sense and spiritual search in non-Western geocultural areas that are framing specific relationships between religion and modernities, bringing about new religious pluralisms.

A Bibliography of Soviet Studies of the Ancient Cultures of Latin America

1990 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-22
Author(s):  
V. A. Bashilov ◽  
V. I. Gulyaev
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Latin American Studies ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Archaeological Materials ◽  
Art And Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Second Period

The study in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics of the earliest history of native Latin Americans falls into two distinct periods. The first, associated with an interest in the ancient Mexican and Peruvian civilizations, can be divided into two stages: the 1920s to the early 1940s, when Soviet scholars first acquainted themselves with antiquities from the region and used them for historical parallels; and the late 1940s and early 1950s, when Soviet historians turned to an analysis of Latin American materials. The second period went through three stages: the first, from the early 1950s to the early 1960s, mainly was dominated by Yury Knorozov, who was engaged in deciphering the language of the Maya, and Rostislav Kinzhalov, who studied their art and culture. During the second stage, the early 1960s to the mid-1970s, more scholars and research institutions undertook studies of the early cultures of Latin America. The thematic range became wider as well, covering—besides Mesoamerica and the central Andean region—the Intermediate region and the Caribbean. The third stage, which started in the late 1970s and continues to the present day, witnesses ethnographers and archaeologists pooling their efforts in studying the region. There were several conferences in which specialists engaged in various fields of Latin American studies participated. Their contacts with foreign colleagues became wider; Soviet archaeologists and ethnologists took part in fieldwork in Latin America. The primary aims today are to introduce Soviet readers to archaeological materials from a number of cultural-historical regions (such as the southern fringes of Mesoamerica, Amazonia, the southern Andes, etc.), to detail Soviet studies of cultural complexes and historical processes in ancient America, and to compare them to the processes that took place in the Old World, with the aim of establishing shared historical “laws” and patterns.

Cosmopolitanism, the clash of civilizations and multiple modernities

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Casanova
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Alternative Conceptions ◽  
Clash Of Civilizations ◽  
Global Order ◽  
Normative Claim ◽  
World Religions ◽  
Western Modernity ◽  
Multiple Modernities ◽  
The World ◽  
Secular Modernity

The article examines the three alternative conceptions of the emerging global order with special reference to the place and role of the world religions in that order. (1) Cosmopolitanism builds upon developmental theories of modernization that envision this transformation as a global expansion of western secular modernity, conceived as a universal process of human development. Secularization remains a key analytical as well as normative component. Religions that resist privatization are viewed as a dangerous ‘fundamentalism’ that threatens the differentiated structures of secular modernity. (2) Huntington’s conception of the ‘clash of civilizations’ maintains the analytical components of western modernity but stripped of any universalist normative claim. Modernity is a particular achievement of western civilization that is grounded in the Judeo-Christian tradition. The world religions are the continuously vital core of what are essentially incompatible civilizations doomed to clash with one another for global hegemony. (3) The model of ‘multiple modernities’ is presented as an alternative analytical framework that combines some of the universalist claims of cosmopolitanism, devoid of its secularist assumptions, with the recognition of the continuous relevance of the world religions for the emerging global order.

scholarly journals Francis and the Pastoral Geopolitics of Peoples and Their Cultures: A Structural Option for the Poor

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Luciani
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Vatican Ii ◽  
Pope Francis ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
Latin American Theology ◽  
Structural Option ◽  
The Church

In response to the phenomenon of globalization, which has resulted in the exclusion of entire peoples and their cultures, Pope Francis has proposed a pastoral geopolitics that is in keeping with the spirit of Vatican II and Latin American theology. Today’s poor are not only the individually poor, but also “poor-peoples” ( pueblos-pobres). Francis’s pastoral geopolitics seeks to identify the new historical processes being formed on the peripheries, such as social movements for democratic and inclusive societies, processes that the Church should encourage by valuing and incarnating itself in poor-peoples’ “cultures.” His structural option for the poor brings together ecclesiology, geopolitics, and evangelization.

Towards a Latin American Sociology of Labour

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 375-402
Author(s):  
Francisco Zapata
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Collective Bargaining ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Shop Floor ◽  
Historical Reconstruction ◽  
Working Population ◽  
Bargaining Process ◽  
American Sociology ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
The Subject

General overviews of Latin American labour (Erickson, Peppe, Spalding, 1974; Roxborough, 1986) have contributed to a synthesis of the major findings on the subject resulting from the work of labour historians and political scientists. Yet the authors have focused on recent contributions without trying to establish the sequence according to which the field has developed. This article discusses the evolution of Latin American labour studies from what was once the privileged domain of ideologues and militants (Mariátegui, 1928; Jobet, 1955; Ramírez Necochea, 1956; Lora, 1967) to a more sociological approach in recent years. Our purpose is to show how the analysis of labour has undergone a profound transformation as a result of this change in focus. While the ideological focus gave importance to the historical reconstruction of the different phases of the process of working-class formation and to the narration of the ‘heroic moments’ when labour forged its identity struggling against the State, what we can call the sociological focus has emphasised such factors as the geographical and sectoral distribution of the working population, the process of unionisation, the attitudes of workers in relation to industrial labour, democracy and relations of authority on the shop floor, worker consciousness and the collective bargaining process.1

Toward an Integrated Statistical System Based on Registers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Wallgren ◽  
Britt Wallgren
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Data Use ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Statistical System ◽  
Northern European ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Efficient Data ◽  
Traditional Area ◽  
Statistical Systems ◽  
Lower Production

This note describes how Latin American and Caribbean countries can join a revolution in statistical systems, moving from data collection based on geographic frames to one based on administrative registers, and the advantages of making this change. Northern European countries have already shifted from a traditional area frame-based statistical system to a register-based system, in which all surveys are based on statistical registers. Among the key advantages of the shift are: i) lower production costs; ii) potential for higher levels of geographic disaggregation and greater frequency; and iii) reduce the burden on informants by following the maxim of “ask once, use many times”. Evidence from Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, and Peru points to the viability of this transition in the region. However, to take better advantage of the new strategy, countries should invest to improve the quality and coverage of their administrative systems and should create an integrated register system, allowing for efficient data use, and ensuring consistency and coherence across statistical registries.

The Political Sociology of 21st-Century Populism in Latin America: A Critique of the Ecuadorian Case

2021 ◽  
pp. 089692052110322
Author(s):  
Jorge Daniel Vásquez
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Dynamics ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
Historical Contextualization ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Universal Application

This paper calls into question the universal application of the concept of populism. It points to how particular historical processes need to be taken into account when addressing the formation of populism in Latin American countries. Unlike more theorized cases as Argentinian or Mexican populism, I use the Ecuadorian case to show how critical historical contextualization of 21st-century populism requires analyzing the continuities and ruptures with sociological knowledge about a particular populism. Such an analysis of continuities and ruptures shows the theoretical convergences among Latin America as a region and the political dynamics of specific historical processes. I highlight how the conceptions of 21st-century Ecuadorian populism as a “passive revolution” or “authoritarian disfigurement of democracy” provide some theoretical tools for examining the historical process of Ecuadorian populism but ultimately fall short of critical analysis. In conclusion, I derived from the Ecuadorian case some elements for the analysis of Latin American populist projects.

scholarly journals From Latin American International Political Economy to Latin American Global Political Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-33
Author(s):  
Ernesto Vivares ◽  
Raúl Salgado Espinoza
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Doctoral Programs ◽  
International Political Economy ◽  
World Order ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Global Political Economy ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
Global Challenges

This paper focuses on the differences between International Political Economy (IPE) versus Global Political Economy (GPE) in Latin America. It explores how IPE tends to be taught and researched beyond mainstream IPE but in dialogue with it. It engages with the main literature of this field to discuss the contours and extension of a transition in teaching and research. It rests upon a historical sociological approach and employs a qualitative analysis of syllabi and curricula of various masters and doctoral programs on International Relations/Studies and underlying disciplines, and is complemented with semi-structured interviews with leading scholars of IPE from across the region. The paper argues that there is a shift from mainstream IPE to a new Latin American GPE as the result of a revitalization of the field and as a response to the new regional and global challenges. New dynamics of development, conflict and a changing world order coexist with old problems, pushing our field to find new responses, demonstrating the limits of the traditional knowledge, and requiring the development of new contributions. While the shift may be minor, it is constant and steady, and is neither homogenous nor dominated by a unique vision of the field, but it is defined by heterogeneity and plurality.

Appropriating the extreme: Interculturality and the decolonization of the image in extreme metal in México and Colombia

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Omar González Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
American Continent ◽  
Short Article ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
Death Metal ◽  
Extreme Metal ◽  
Drug Traffickers

In this short article, I engage in a musical iconographic analysis of album covers from extreme metal bands, specifically those belonging to the subgenres of death metal and grindcore, in both México and Colombia. Both countries have gone through socio-historical processes marked by violence, which, by extension, have resulted in the popularization of consumer media products based on said violence (e.g. war against drug traffickers). My analysis rests on a transhistorical outline of the constant forms of domination that both countries have suffered since the conquest of the American continent and the ways in which Latin American extreme metal represents these experiences through the artwork of their albums, thus engaging in a process of decolonization of the imaginary through the reappropriation of imagery traditionally used in extreme metal.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document