scholarly journals LA DOCTRINA SALMÁN EN LA POLÍTICA EXTERIOR DE ARABIA SAUDÍ: OBJETIVOS Y EL USO DE LA FUERZA MILITAR

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paloma González del Miño ◽  
David Hernández Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Central Elements ◽  
International Activities ◽  
Crown Prince ◽  
Different Levels

Saudi Arabia’s foreign policy is one of the central elements in the analysis of the current dynamics of the Middle East. King Salman and the crown prince, Mohammed bin Salman, are introducing significant changes in the international activities of the kingdom, through a more assertive and militaristic policy, especially to deal with the different outbreaks of the region and the Muslim sphere. This article analyzes the objectives and strategies that support the responses of the Saudi Government, as well as the use of force as a resource for foreign policy. This paper studies the main challenges and resistance to the power of the Saud House. The formulation and development of the current monarch’s doctrine is determined by Saudi interpretations of possible security threats and opportunities at different levels, which may have a direct effect on the interests of the crown.

Anthropocene Geopolitics and Foreign Policy: Exploring the Link in the EU Case

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-101
Author(s):  
Filippos Proedrou
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Eu Foreign Policy ◽  
Change Concerns ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
The Eu

Scholarly literature has recently developed the notions of Anthropocene geopolitics and planetary security. How these relate to and whether they inform states’ foreign policy, however, remains a largely underdeveloped issue. This article goes some way toward addressing this gap both theoretically and empirically. Theoretically, it unpacks how traditional and Anthropocene geopolitics diverge in their approach toward the security repercussions of climate change and teases out the emanating foreign policy implications. These revolve around different levels of climate ambition, divergent approaches to fossil energy geopolitics, and differing weighting of planetary security versus mainstream geopolitical threats. Against this theoretical background, this article empirically zooms in on the EU case to explore which geopolitical mindset guides EU’s pursuit of climate change concerns and their incorporation in the EU foreign policy design. The analysis finds that, despite its comprehensive foreign climate policy initiatives, the EU remains fixed to a traditional geopolitical mindset and a foreign policy that underappreciates planetary security threats. This article subsequently operationalizes a foreign policy design informed by the Anthropocene geopolitics approach and sketches what it would entail.

scholarly journals Morality vs. Legality: European Responses to the Changing Norms of Military Intervention

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-50
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Krakiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Military Intervention ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Considerable Difficulty ◽  
Normative Framework ◽  
The United Kingdom

This article argues that the diverging European positions on the Iraq intervention reflected distinct approaches to the international normative framework regulating the use of force. New security threats by global terrorist networks as well as calls for intervention in cases of human rights violations have challenged the existing criteria for legitimate military intervention. It identifies two types of positions – legal and moral. Evidence for the validity of this distinction is provided by an examination of the foreign policy lines adopted by Germany, Poland and the United Kingdom. Their contending approaches to the use of force can be expected to cause considerable difficulty in formulating a concerted European response to the changing norms of military intervention.

Saudi foreign policy will prioritise US ties

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Military Officers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Crown Prince ◽  
Rights Issues

Significance Saudi media has pushed back strongly, but the accusations threaten to reinforce US distrust of the crown prince, centred on the 2018 murder of journalist Jamal Khashoggi. Riyadh, for its part, fears an ongoing US Middle East drawdown. Impacts Washington will pressure Riyadh towards social and economic reforms and repeatedly raise human rights issues. The Saudi defence establishment will procure more drones and low-grade munitions from Moscow and Beijing. A growing number of Saudi military officers, professionals and students will train or work in China and Russia. Despite rumours, Riyadh would not jeopardise its relationship with Washington by taking delivery of Russian S-400 air defence missiles.

In Quest of a Second Boom

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 257-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirzad Azad
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Gulf Cooperation Council ◽  
East Region ◽  
Personal Motivation ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Middle East Region ◽  
Different Parts

In spite of her troubled presidency at home and premature, ignominious exit from power, Park Geun-hye made serious attempts to bolster the main direction of the Republic of Korea’s (ROK) foreign policy toward the Middle East. A collaborative drive for accomplishing a new momentous boom was by and large a dominant and recurring theme in the Park government’s overall approach to the region. Park enjoyed both personal motivation as well as politico-economic justifications to push for such arduous yet potentially viable objective. Although the ROK’s yearning for a second boom in the Middle East was not ultimately accomplished under the Park presidency, nonetheless, the very aspiration played a crucial role in either rekindling or initiating policy measures in South Korea’s orientation toward different parts of a greater Middle East region, extending from the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) to Morocco.

Turkey’s foreign policy priorities in the Middle East and Afghanistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10-3) ◽  
pp. 228-237
Author(s):  
Marina Shpakovskaya ◽  
Oleg Barnashov ◽  
Arian Mohammad Hassan Shershah ◽  
Asadullah Noori ◽  
Mosa Ziauddin Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Middle East ◽  
The United States ◽  
Turkish Foreign Policy ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
East Region ◽  
History Of ◽  
Middle East Region

The article discusses the features and main approaches of Turkish foreign policy in the Middle East. Particular attention is paid to the history of the development of Turkish-American relations. The causes of the contradictions between Turkey and the United States on the security issues of the Middle East region are analyzed. At the same time, the commonality of the approaches of both countries in countering radical terrorism in the territories adjacent to Turkey is noted. The article also discusses the priority areas of Turkish foreign policy, new approaches and technologies in the first decade of the XXI century.

Addressing threats: European foreign policy toward the Middle East since the European Security Strategy

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Hanau Santini
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Qualitative Change ◽  
External Action ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Security ◽  
Security Strategy ◽  
Regional Conflicts ◽  
Security Discourse ◽  
European Security Strategy

This paper looks at the qualitative change in the foreign policy discourse by the European Union towards the Middle East, as well as the EU’s overall degree of consistency between words and deeds. By looking at European Council Conclusions as well as General Affairs Council conclusions, it will be argued that on a discursive level the Union has taken stock of the emergence of new threats to its security, and has started shifting its attention from state failure and regional conflicts to the threats posed by terrorism and non-conventional proliferation. Secondly, by differentiating among three kinds of coherence, it will be shown that the main source of incoherence in the Union external action in the Middle East is not to be found in its institutional or horizontal dimensions, but in its vertical level, that is between the Union and member states. Examples will be provided in order to substantiate an overall claim: the EU security discourse might have changed; its policies however remain driven by the difficult balancing exercise between Brussels and national capitals.   Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v3i2.184

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisel Hintz
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Identity Politics ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
Pop Culture ◽  
Political Campaigns ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Eu Membership ◽  
Inside Out

This chapter introduces the book’s aim of turning the concept of identity politics inside out. It presents Turkey as an empirical window onto these dynamics, familiarizing readers with puzzling shifts in domestic politics and foreign policy that do not correspond to shifts in geopolitical dynamics, international economic conditions, or the coming to power of a new party. For example, after the AKP made progress toward EU membership in its first term, the party’s subsequent terms witnessed a sharp reorientation of Turkey, a traditional Western ally, toward the Middle East. This period also demonstrates a rise in “Ottomania”—reviled until recently as delusions of imperial Islamic grandeur—which now permeates everything from pop culture to political campaigns. How was such a drastic reorientation of Turkey possible under the AKP? This introduction lays out how the book solves this puzzle by turning identity politics inside out and outlines the structure of the book.

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