National interests and regional development issues in the system of priorities of international activities of Russian universities

The monograph was prepared following the results of the XIX All-Russian Conference and the XXIX All-Russian school-seminar "Integration of Russian universities into the world educational and scientific space, taking into account regional peculiarities" and a regional scientific and practical conference "National interests and issues of regional development in the system of priorities of international activities of Russian universities". The conferences were organized to discuss the system of priorities in the development of international activities of Russian educational and scientific organizations; best practices and new solutions for attracting foreign students to study at universities of the Russian Federation, ensuring their education and stay, as well as employment of the best graduates; regulatory and legal support for the processes of internationalization and development of mobility of intellectual resources of Russia; analysis of the features of the development of intellectual migration processes in modern conditions, the place and role of the Russian language and culture in them; issues of adaptation and integration of educational and labor migration. The proposed materials can be useful to specialists of the Department of the education system of Russia and its regions, employees of federal and regional authorities and management, as well as regional associations of academic mobility.

In the Name of Human Adaptation: Japanese American “Hybrid Children” and Racial Anthropology in Postwar Japan

By focusing on the emergence and integration of “hybrid children” (konketsuji) anthropology into the Human Adaptability section of the International Biological Program (HA-IBP) in Japan during the 1950s and 1970s, this paper presents how transnational dynamics and mechanisms played out in shaping and maintaining the racist aspects while simultaneously allowed them to be included in the HA-IBP framework. It argues that they operated a double play between their national and transnational spaces—that is, they attenuated racist aspects of their research in their international activities while authenticating race in their national work. This paper will conclude with reflections on the transnational nationalism of konketsuji anthropology.

Part V Subject Matter, Ch.32 Wildlife

This chapter details the themes and principles that shape international wildlife law. International wildlife law shares attributes with other fields of international environmental law, but also has certain particular attributes. In particular, the degree to which treaties affecting wildlife conservation impose strict or flexible obligations on their member states is often a product of a variety of factors, for example: how specific the scope of the treaty is, whether the treaty primarily focuses on individual species or on ecosystem and habitat protection, and whether the treaty targets primarily domestic or primarily international activities or species. The chapter then discusses certain international regimes that focus on particular species, before considering examples of ecosystem-based regimes and regimes with a more regional focus. It also looks at the most significant issues facing global wildlife conservation.

International Activities in the Field of Language Technologies and Resources

Describes the international organizations active in the field of language technologies and resources, as well as the projects they are implementing. The following areas are highlighted: computational linguistics in general, support for endangered languages, terminology and translation activities, standardization. Highlighted organizations and projects working in the technology of the Semantic Web and related open data. Organizations and projects in the field of language technologies and resources in Europe are considered separately.

Managerial Attention and Export Performance: A Comparison between mMNEs and Pure SME Exporters

Drawing on the attention-based view and literature on small- and medium-sized enterprises’ (SMEs) internationalization, we explore the value of international attention (i.e., managerial time and effort devoted to understanding the international marketplace) for SME export performance. We further argue that SMEs are heterogeneous in terms of situated contexts and organizational structures, and for that matter, differ in performance gains achieved through their managers’ international attention. A distinction is therefore made between pure exporters and so-called “micromultinationals (mMNEs)” that engage in more committed international activities besides exporting. Based on a survey of Dutch SMEs, our findings indicate a positive association between managers’ international attention and firms’ export performance. This relationship is stronger for mMNEs than for pure SME exporters, pointing to the implication that managers’ international attention should be commensurate with firm specifics in order to add values.

Conceptual-theoretical identifications of the relationship „paradiplomacy - foreign policy”

Although the phenomenon of ,,paradiplomacy” appeared in the 1970s, only at the beginning of the XXI century, this concept has become present in scientific research and in the speeches of politicians. The term was invented to designate the international activities of the non-central institutions of a state: municipalities, regions, private companies, etc. Starting from the reasoning according to which the foreign policy represents the state activity in international affairs or the state activity on the international arena, the phenomenon ,,paradiplomacy” also designates the international activity of transnational regions or regional blocs, private companies, municipalities, etc. The article aims at highlighting the correlation between the concept of “paradiplomacy” and ,,foreign policy”.