scholarly journals The butterfly community assemblage of Mowire Quarry Site in the forest agroecological zone of Ghana: Response of indicator biodiversity to ongoing quarry operations.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sampson Addae ◽  
Sampson Addae ◽  
Michael Osae ◽  
Danilo Harms ◽  
Jones Quartey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Community Assemblage ◽  
Western Africa ◽  
Agroecological Zone

Quarry operations cause serious environmental impact on invertebrate communities and contribute negatively to habitat destruction and the species they promote but very little is still known about the response of butterflies to such disturbances in western Africa. The current study provides data from a baseline survey of butterflies at Mowire quarry site in the agroecological zone of Ghana and investigates the effects of ongoing quarry operations on butterfly diversity. Specifically quarry operations were assessed on species abundance and richness. A total of 417 individual butterflies belonging to 67 species from 5 families was recorded in three zones. High relative abundance in the Eastern Zone (EZ) (N = 329) and high species richness (S = 55) may be due to increased flowering plants diversity which contain sweet nectar which attracts and support rich butterfly abundance. Low species richness (S = 22) and relative abundance (N= 41) in the Western Zone (WZ), and Northern Zone (NZ) (S = 21) and low relative abundance (N= 47), was corroborated with low plant diversity. Our results shows that, the EZ received less negative impact from the quarry operations but the operations negatively affected WZ and NZ. More generally our study indicates that state institutions should ensure mandatory environmental impact assessment reports from the quarry companies.

Usefulness of funnel traps in catching small reptiles and mammals, with comments on the effectiveness of the alternatives

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham G. Thompson ◽  
Scott A. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Sampling Bias ◽  
Terrestrial Vertebrates ◽  
Environmental Impact Assessments

Funnel traps were used in conjunction with pit traps (PVC buckets and pipes), Elliott traps and cage traps at 10 sites in southern Western Australia to examine sampling bias of trap types. Funnel traps seldom catch small mammals but catch more of the medium-sized and large terrestrial, diurnal snakes and some of the widely foraging, medium-sized skinks, medium-sized dragon lizards and arboreal geckos that climb out of PVC pit traps. For pit traps, buckets catch more reptiles, particularly smaller ones, than pipes. However, pipes catch more mammals than buckets. Elliott traps catch the same suite of small mammals as pipes plus some of the large, trappable species, such as Rattus spp. Cage traps are useful for trapping Tiliqua spp. and medium-sized mammals such as possums and bandicoots that are unlikely to be caught in pit and funnel traps. Funnel traps, pit traps and cage traps should be used in surveys of small terrestrial vertebrates to determine species richness and relative abundance in Western Australia and probably elsewhere. However, as cage traps are mostly useful for catching Tiliqua spp. and medium-sized mammals, they need only be used in faunal surveys undertaken for environmental impact assessments specifically targeting these species.

scholarly journals Insights into Bioindicator Redundancy for Monitoring Water Quality based on Functional Units of Periphytic Protozoan Communities in Marine Ecosystems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Shabi Ul Hassan Kazmi ◽  
Uroosa Uroosa ◽  
Alan Warren ◽  
Guangjian Xu ◽  
Henglong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Functional Redundancy ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Functional Units

Abstract Although periphytic protozoan communities have long been used for the bioassessment of water quality, their utility is hampered by functional redundancy leading to high “signal to noise” ratios. In this study, a 1-year baseline survey of periphytic protozoan communities was carried out in coastal waters of Yellow sea, northern China, in order to determine redundancy levels in conditions of differing water quality. Samples were collected at four sampling sites along a pollution gradient. Environmental variables such as salinity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO), soluble reactive phosphates (SRP), ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) were measured to compare with biotic factors. A total of 53 functional units (FUs) were identified from 144 observed protozoan species based on four biological traits, i.e., feeding type, body size, movement type and source of food supply. For reducing the “signal to noise” ratios of species-abundance/biomass data, the peeling procedure was used to identify the bioindicator redundancy levels based on these FUs. Three consecutive subsets of response units (RU1–RU3) with correlation coefficients >0.75 of the full FU dataset were identified, comprising 12, 21 and 9 FUs, respectively. Algivores and bacterivores were dominant in RU1 and RU2 among the polluted sites, whereas raptors were dominant in RU3 at the unpolluted site. In terms of relative abundance, RU1 was the primary contributor to the protozoan communities during the 1-year cycle and its relative abundance increased with increasing pollution, whereas RU2 and RU3, with complementary temporal distributions, generally decreased with increasing pollution. Ordinations based on boot-strapped average analyses revealed a significant variation in functional pattern of all three RUs among the four sampling sites. Biological-environmental match analysis demonstrated that the variability was driven by the increasing concentrations of nutrients (e.g., NH4-N, NO3-N and PO4-P) and decreasing concentrations of DO (P<0.05). Based on these findings, it is suggested that there were high levels of functional redundancy among periphytic protozoan communities used as bioindicators of marine water quality.

scholarly journals Local biodiversity change reflects interactions among changing abundance, evenness and richness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane Blowes ◽  
Gergana N. Daskalova ◽  
Maria Dornelas ◽  
Thore Engel ◽  
Nicholas J. Gotelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Local Variation ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Site Variation ◽  
Biodiversity Change ◽  
Relative Abundances ◽  
Multiple Species ◽  
Assemblage Size

Biodiversity metrics often integrate data on the presence and abundance of multiple species. Yet our understanding of how changes to the numbers of individuals, the evenness of species relative abundances, and the total number of species covary remains limited, both theoretically and empirically. Using individual-based rarefaction curves, we first show how expected positive relationships among changes in abundance, evenness and richness arise, and how they can break down. We then examined the interdependency between changes in abundance, evenness and richness more than 1100 assemblages sampled either through time or across space. As expected, richness changes were greatest when abundance and evenness changed in the same direction, whereas countervailing changes in abundance and evenness acted to constrain the magnitude of changes in species richness. Site-to-site variation in diversity was greater than rates of change through time. Moreover, changes in abundance, evenness, and richness were often spatially decoupled, and pairwise relationships between changes in these components were weak between sites. In contrast, changes in species richness and relative abundance were strongly correlated for assemblages sampled through time, meaning temporal changes in local biodiversity showed greater inertia and stronger relationships between the components changes when compared to site-to-site variation. Both temporal and spatial variation in local assemblage diversity were rarely attributable solely to changes in assemblage size sampling more or less of a static species abundance distribution. Instead, changing species relative abundances often dominate local variation in diversity. Moreover, how these altered patterns of relative abundance combine with changes to total abundance strongly determine the magnitude of richness changes. Interdependencies found here suggest looking beyond changes in abundance, evenness and richness as separate responses offering unique insights into diversity change can increase our understanding of biodiversity change.

scholarly journals Effect of man-made disturbances on understory plant richness of oak forests in Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Javad Eshaghi Rad ◽  
Gelare Valadi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Zargaran
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Herbaceous Species ◽  
Species Abundance Distribution ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Understory Plant ◽  
Floristic Data

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the impacts of disturbance degree on the species richness and species diversity of oak forests in the Kurdistan Province (Iran). The study ran on three treatments: undisturbed, moderately disturbed, and highly disturbed. For each treatment, there were selected three forest patches with similar physiographic conditions and on each patch there were specified three 400 m2plots for recording floristic data. The species’ name and the abundance of herbaceous species were recorded on 5 micro plots sized 1.5 × 1.5 m for each sample. Menhinick, Margalef, the number of species indices and alsorarefaction,jackknifemethods and species abundance distribution models were used to estimate the herbaceous species richness for the three treatments. The results showed that all the richness indices had the highest values for the undisturbed forests and the lowest values for the highly disturbed ones. Based on all models, undisturbed forests were showed more diverse than highly disturbed area. Generally the negative impact of human activities (wood cutting and grazing) on the herbaceous species richness was found much stronger in the highly disturbed forests and in moderately disturbed forests compared the undisturbed ones. With increasing destruction intensity, the herbaceous species richness in the oak forests decreased dramatically.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF COAL MINING

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Наталья Алексеевна Бойко ◽  
Наталья Владимировна Ромашева
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Coal Mining ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Coal Industry ◽  
Coal Production ◽  
Atmospheric Air

Представлена характеристика угольной отрасли России по таким направлениям как организационная структура, объем и регионы добычи, потребители угля. Выявлены положительные тенденции, определены проблемы в развитии угольной промышленности. Исследованы негативное воздействие угольного производство на такие компоненты окружающей среды, как атмосферный воздух, водные ресурсы, земная поверхность. The characteristic of the Russian coal industry in such areas as the organizational structure, volume and regions of production, coal consumers has been presented. Positive trends and problems in the development of the coal industry have been identified. The negative impact of coal production on environmental components such as atmospheric air, water, the earth’s surface has been investigated.

Aquatic and semi aquatic Hemiptera community of Sonebeel, the largest wetland of Assam, northeastern India

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 12792-12799
Author(s):  
Anupama Saha ◽  
Susmita Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Northeastern India ◽  
Ecological Roles

Aquatic and semiaquatic Hemiptera bugs play significant ecological roles, and they are important indicators and pest control agents.  Little information is currently available concerning its populations in southern Assam.  This study assessed hemipterans in four sites of Sonebeel, the largest wetland in Assam (3458.12 ha at full storage level), situated in Karimganj District.  The major inflow and outflow of the wetland are the rivers Singla and Kachua, respectively (the Kachua drains into the Kushiyara River).  Samples were trapped with pond nets and were seasonally recorded.  This study recorded a total of 28 species of aquatic and semiaquatic hemipterans belonging to 20 genera under nine families.  Population, geographical and environmental data (e.g., rainfall) were used to assess the relative abundance of species, species richness and different diversity indices, and species distribution. 

scholarly journals Complex community responses underpin biodiversity change following invasion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra R. Kortz ◽  
Anne E. Magurran
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Mechanistic Approach ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Biodiversity Change ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractHow do invasive species change native biodiversity? One reason why this long-standing question remains challenging to answer could be because the main focus of the invasion literature has been on shifts in species richness (a measure of α-diversity). As the underlying components of community structure—intraspecific aggregation, interspecific density and the species abundance distribution (SAD)—are potentially impacted in different ways during invasion, trends in species richness provide only limited insight into the mechanisms leading to biodiversity change. In addition, these impacts can be manifested in distinct ways at different spatial scales. Here we take advantage of the new Measurement of Biodiversity (MoB) framework to reanalyse data collected in an invasion front in the Brazilian Cerrado biodiversity hotspot. We show that, by using the MoB multi-scale approach, we are able to link reductions in species richness in invaded sites to restructuring in the SAD. This restructuring takes the form of lower evenness in sites invaded by pines relative to sites without pines. Shifts in aggregation also occur. There is a clear signature of spatial scale in biodiversity change linked to the presence of an invasive species. These results demonstrate how the MoB approach can play an important role in helping invasion ecologists, field biologists and conservation managers move towards a more mechanistic approach to detecting and interpreting changes in ecological systems following invasion.

scholarly journals Structure of three subtropical bat assemblages (Chiroptera) in the Andean rainforests of Argentina

Mammalia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariano S. Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Guild Structure ◽  
Trophic Guild ◽  
Long Tail ◽  
Mist Net ◽  
Yungas Forests

AbstractI evaluated bat assemblages in terms of species richness, relative abundance, trophic guild structure, and seasonal changes at three sites along of the Southern Yungas forests. A total of 854 individuals were captured, representing 25 species of three families, with an effort of 27,138 m of mist net opened per hour. Subtropical assemblages showed a similar structure to those from tropical landmark, with a dominance of frugivorous Phyllostomid; in addition, a few species were abundant, followed by a long tail of less common species. However, subtropical sites differed due to the dominance of the genus

MEDIA ARCHITECTURE IN URBAN SPACE: PROBLEMS AND NEGATIVE PRACTICES

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.П. Птичникова ◽  
О.В. Королева ◽  
О.В. Черничкина
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
City Environment ◽  
Media Objects ◽  
The Media

Статья посвящена исследованию проблем интеграции объектов медиаархитектуры в сложившееся городское пространство. Являясь частью нового, творческого и интеллектуального обогащения городской среды, медиаархитектура оказывает значительное культурное, социальное и экологическое влияние на городское окружение. Целью работы являются определение и классификация проблем, связанных с негативным воздействием объектов медиаархитектуры на окружающую среду в контексте общественных пространств, а также ночной городской среды. The article is devoted to the study of the problems of integration of media objects in the existing urban space. As part of a new, creative and intellectual enrichment of the urban environment, the media architecture has a significant cultural, social and environmental impact on the urban environment. The aim of the work is to identify and classify the problems associated with the negative impact of media architecture objects on the environment in the context of public spaces, as well as the night city environment.

Do predaceous stoneflies and siltation affect the structure of stream insect communities colonizing enclosures?

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 1519-1530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara L. Peckarsky
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Benthic Invertebrate ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Community Response ◽  
Insect Communities ◽  
Composite Effect ◽  
Benthic Invertebrate Community

Experiments in Colorado and New York streams assessed the effects of predaceous stoneflies on benthic invertebrate community establishment in enclosures providing uncolonized habitat. Aspects of prey community structure measured were density, species richness, relative species abundance, and body size. Unexpected inorganic sediment deposition allowed evaluation of direct effects on Colorado stream benthos and indirect effects on predation. Predaceous perlids and perlodids consistently reduced the density and, therefore, rate of prey community establishment in enclosures. Although New York perlids disproportionately reduced densities of some prey species, Colorado stoneflies caused nonsignificant declines in individual prey species densities, the composite effect of which was a significant whole-community response. Predators did not affect prey species richness nor change the taxonomic composition (species additions or deletions) of communities colonizing enclosures. However, the relative abundance of prey taxa differed significantly between cages with and without predators. Most species showed no size differences between individuals colonizing enclosures with predators and those colonizing control enclosures, with a few interesting exceptions. The deposition of silt eliminated the predator effects on prey density, as well as directly causing significant reductions in many Colorado benthic populations. This result demonstrates that abiotic disturbances can periodically override the effects of predation on stream insect communities colonizing enclosures.

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