scholarly journals The function-dominance correlation drives the direction and strength of biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Crawford ◽  
Kathryn Barry ◽  
Adam Clark ◽  
Caroline Farrior ◽  
Jessica Hines ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Ecosystem Functioning ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Positive Function ◽  
Primary Determinant ◽  
Local Species ◽  
Biodiversity Change ◽  
The Relationship

Community composition is a primary determinant of how biodiversity change influences ecosystem functioning and, therefore, the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF). We examine the consequences of community composition across six structurally realistic plant community models. We find that a positive correlation between species’ functioning in monoculture vs. their dominance in mixture with regards to a specific function (the “function-dominance correlation”) generates a positive relationship between realized diversity and ecosystem functioning across species richness treatments. However, because realised diversity declines when few species dominate, a positive function-dominance correlation generates a negative relationship between realized diversity and ecosystem functioning within species richness treatments. Removing seed inflow strengthens the link between the function-dominance correlation and BEF relationships across species richness treatments but weakens it within them. These results suggest that changes in species’ identities in a local species pool may more strongly affect ecosystem functioning than changes in species richness.

Attachment to God and Quest as Moderators of the Relationship between Religious Doubt and Mental Health

2021 ◽  
pp. 009164712199240
Author(s):  
Noah S. Love ◽  
Cassidy A. Merlo ◽  
M. Elizabeth Lewis Hall ◽  
Peter C. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Positive Mental Health ◽  
Attachment To God ◽  
Religious Doubt ◽  
Avoidant Attachment ◽  
The Relationship

The present study examined attachment to God and quest as potential moderators of the relationship between religious doubt and mental health. A sample of Christian participants ( N = 235) completed a survey which included measures of attachment to God, quest, religious doubt, and mental health. As hypothesized, attachment to God and quest significantly moderated an individual’s experience of religious doubt. Low avoidant attachment to God (i.e., a more secure attachment) was associated with a more negative relationship between cognitive religious doubt and positive mental health than high avoidant attachment. In contrast, low avoidant attachment to God also ameliorated the positive relationship between affective religious doubt and mental health problems. Low anxious attachment was associated with a stronger negative relationship between both measures of religious doubt (i.e., cognitive and affective) and positive mental health. In addition, high soft quest weakened all four of the relationships between measures of religious doubt and mental health. High hard quest ameliorated the positive relationship between both measures of religious doubt and mental health problems. These results indicate that an individual’s attachment to God and the way an individual is oriented toward religion each play a role in the mental health outcomes associated with religious doubt.

scholarly journals Green CSR Moderated by Public Visibility and Innovation Performance at Indonesia Companies

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Rahmat Hidayat, Farah Margaretha Leon
Keyword(s):  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Innovation Performance ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims to analyze the green CSR  of innovation performance  with firms approval variables  and public visibility   can support moderating the relationship of green CSR  and innovation. The research sample was 33 manufacturing companies. The results showed that the  green CSR has a positive and significant effect on innovation . Also, the company approval variable has been proven to moderate the direction of a positive relationship between green CSR and innovation . The results also prove that public visibility is proven to moderate the direction of the negative relationship between green CSR and performance. This study provide information that shows great concern for the environment; it will increase the company in making changes through innovation activities. Also, the higher the company's approval and public visibility, the company will get support from various stakeholders to run the firms. The level of company concern for CSR activities will be a misjudgment for investors.

scholarly journals Recent increases in assemblage rarity are linked to increasing local immigration

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 192045
Author(s):  
Faith A. M. Jones ◽  
Maria Dornelas ◽  
Anne E. Magurran
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Species Lists ◽  
Biodiversity Change

As pressures on biodiversity increase, a better understanding of how assemblages are responding is needed. Because rare species, defined here as those that have locally low abundances, make up a high proportion of assemblage species lists, understanding how the number of rare species within assemblages is changing will help elucidate patterns of recent biodiversity change. Here, we show that the number of rare species within assemblages is increasing, on average, across systems. This increase could arise in two ways: species already present in the assemblage decreasing in abundance but with no increase in extinctions, or additional species entering the assemblage in low numbers associated with an increase in immigration. The positive relationship between change in rarity and change in species richness provides evidence for the second explanation, i.e. higher net immigration than extinction among the rare species. These measurable changes in the structure of assemblages in the recent past underline the need to use multiple biodiversity metrics to understand biodiversity change.

scholarly journals Increases in local richness (α-diversity) following invasion are offset by biotic homogenization in a biodiversity hotspot

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 20190133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra R. Kortz ◽  
Anne E. Magurran
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspot ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Local Species Richness ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Local Species ◽  
Biodiversity Change ◽  
Null Expectation

The world's ecosystems are experiencing unparalleled rates of biodiversity change, with invasive species implicated as one of the drivers that restructure local assemblages. Here we focus on the processes leading to biodiversity change in a biodiversity hotspot, the Brazilian Cerrado. The null expectation that invasion leads to increase in local species richness is supported by our investigation of the grass layer in two key habitats (campo sujo and campo úmido). Our analysis uncovered a linear relationship between total richness and invasive richness at the plot level. However, because the invasive species—even though few in number—are widespread, their contribution to local richness (α-diversity) is offset by their homogenizing influence on composition (β-diversity). We thus identify a mechanism that can help explain the paradox that species richness is not declining in many local assemblages, yet compositional change is exceeding the predictions of ecological theory. As such, our results emphasize the importance of quantifying both α-diversity and β-diversity in assessments of biodiversity change in the contemporary world.

ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN REGIONAL AND LOCAL SPECIES RICHNESS: A TEST OF SATURATION THEORY

Ecology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 89 (7) ◽  
pp. 1921-1930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian M. Starzomski ◽  
Raenelle L. Parker ◽  
Diane S. Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Local Species Richness ◽  
Local Species ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals A Mathematical Modeling Approach to the Cort-Fitness Hypothesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
F El Moustaid ◽  
S J Lane ◽  
I T Moore ◽  
L R Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Environmental Challenges ◽  
Field Endocrinology ◽  
Empirical Tests ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The Cort-Fitness Hypothesis has generated much interest from investigators integrating field endocrinology with evolutionary biology, ecology, and conservation. The hypothesis was developed to test the assumption that if glucocorticoid levels increase with environmental challenges and fitness decreases with environmental challenges, then there should be a negative relationship between baseline glucocorticoid levels and fitness. Indeed, studies across diverse taxa have found that the relationship between baseline glucocorticoid levels and fitness are not consistent: some studies show a positive relationship, others negative, and some show no correlation. Hence, a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying the relationship between baseline glucocorticoid levels, environmental challenges, and fitness is needed. We propose a mathematical model representing the links between baseline glucocorticoid levels, environmental challenges, and fitness. Our model describes how variation in the predictability and intensity of environmental challenges, reproductive strategies, and fitness metrics can all contribute to the variability observed in empirical tests of the Cort-Fitness Hypothesis. We provide qualitative results showing that much of the inconsistency in previous studies can be explained and we discuss how the model can be used to inform future Cort-Fitness studies.

scholarly journals Farmers’ perception of beneficial effects and limitations of vermicompost

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Md Shiduzzaman ◽  
Humyra Akhter ◽  
Mohammad Bashir Ahmed ◽  
Md Matiul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Interview Schedule ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Day By Day ◽  
Scale Data

Vermicompost is very useful manure which is becoming popular day by day. However, its perception by the farmers is not yet assessed in the southwestern region of Bangladesh. The main objectives of this study were to determine the farmers’ perception of beneficial effects and limitations of vermicompost and to explore the relationship between selected characteristics of the farmers’ and their perception of beneficial effects and limitations of vermicompost. Data were collected using an interview schedule from randomly selected 60 respondents. Locale was three villages namely Lokhpur, Bollokhpur and Vobna under Fakirhat upazila of Bagerhat district. Faceto- face interview was conducted during 7 to 29 May, 2016. Farmers’ perception regarding the beneficial effects and limitations of vermicompost was measured using 5- point Likert type scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and farmers’ perception index was calculated. Majority (66.7 percent) of the respondents had moderate perception while 18.3 percent and 15 percent of them had less and high perception, respectively, on the beneficial effects and limitations of vermicompost. Among seven selected characteristics of the respondents, age showed a significant negative relationship with their perception of beneficial effects and limitations of vermicompost while training experience of the respondents showed a significant positive relationship with their overall perception. Thus, arrangement of training could pave the way of high perception of beneficial effects and limitations of vermicompost.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.5(1): 19-25, April 2018

Parolee–Parole Officer Rapport: Does It Impact Recidivism?

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 3581-3602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa W. Chamberlain ◽  
Matthew Gricius ◽  
Danielle M. Wallace ◽  
Diana Borjas ◽  
Vincent M. Ware
Keyword(s):  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Violent Offender ◽  
Parole Officer ◽  
Officer Training ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Parole Officers ◽  
It Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Parole officers are an integral part of parolees’ reentry process and success. Few studies, however, have examined whether the quality of the relationship between parolees and their parole officer influences outcomes such as recidivism. This study assesses how recidivism is affected by the quality of the relationship that parolees have with their parole officers. Using the Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative (SVORI) dataset, we use parolees’ perceptions of their relationship with their parole officer to determine whether they have established a positive or negative relationship, and whether these types of relationships differentially affect recidivism. Results show that parolees who have a negative relationship with their parole officer have higher rates of recidivism, while a positive relationship lowers parolees’ likelihood of recidivating. An implication of this study emphasizes parole officer training that develops positive, high-quality relationships with parolees. Further implications are discussed below.

scholarly journals ANALISA VARIABEL-VARIABEL YANG MEMPENGARUHI PROFITABILITY NET MARGIN

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dra. Rr. Sri Diniarti, S.E.
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Field Research ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Net Margin ◽  
The Relationship

This research is an explanatory research, because it explaining about the relationship among the hypnotized variables. This research aims to knowing about the relationship and the influence between the accounts, location to the other bank, and loans to the net margin in Bank Jatim Madiun. The results are between accounts to net margin has positive relationship, between location to another bank to net margin has negative relationship, and between loans to net margin has positive relationship. Together, the variables have strong enough relationship to net margin, it showing by coefficient of determination value is 0,956, it means that the value close to 1. So, 4,4% of Profitability Net Margin influenced by the others variables.The method of research was by using field research that including observation, interview and library research.The analyzing data method was by using Multiple Regression Analysis, Correlation Analysis, and Coefficient of Determination Analysis.

scholarly journals Organización del tiempo docente y su relación con la satisfacción laboral: Evidencia para el caso chileno

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Veronica Cabezas ◽  
María Paz Medeiros ◽  
David Inostroza ◽  
Constanza Gómez ◽  
Vicente Loyola
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Collaborative Work ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Teacher Job Satisfaction ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Conditional Models ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Actual Teaching

The literature indicates that teachers lack of time to adequately prepare and fulfill their responsibilities, is one of the key factors that negatively influence levels of teacher job satisfaction. Considering a representative sample of teachers in Santiago of Chile (N=950) and using conditional models, this study explores the relationship between teacher job satisfaction that work in subsidized schools, and the time available to these teachers for realizing activities over and above actual teaching hours: contracted non-teaching hours and additional overtime. This study uses a questionnaire that incorporates, in addition to the overtime, information about how teachers use their time, identifying the type of activities they are involved in, and if they are involved individually or as a group. The results indicate that there is a robust positive relationship between the number of contracted non-teaching hours and teacher job satisfaction, and a negative relationship with respect to overtime. Also identified the relevance of being adequately resourced with formal instances to engage in collaborative work for planning and prepare class materials, since it is linked to a positive effect on teacher job satisfaction.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document