scholarly journals Rapid and recent allopatric speciation in firs from central Mexico: evidence for reinforcement?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Giles-Pérez ◽  
Erika Aguirre-Planter ◽  
Luis Eguiarte ◽  
Juan Jaramillo-Correa
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Volcanic Belt ◽  
Secondary Contact ◽  
Reproductive Phenology ◽  
Central Mexico ◽  
Sky Islands ◽  
Hybrid Fitness ◽  
Mexican Volcanic Belt ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Fertilization

Secondary contact of species that have evolved partial reproductive isolation in allopatry may result in several outcomes, which range from rampant hybridization to barrier reinforcement. Reinforcement arises from reduced hybrid fitness, which promotes assortative mating and hence speciation. In plants, self-fertilization and disjunctions in reproductive-phenology are often invoked as evidence of reinforcement. However, local adaptation and pleiotropic effects during colonization can also lead to reproductive isolation without reinforcement. We explored these possibilities in a fir species complex (Abies flinckii - A. religiosa) distributed in ‘sky-islands’ along the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB), in central Mexico. Despite co-occurring in two independent sympatric regions (west and center), these two taxa seem to rarely interbreed because of disjunct reproductive phenologies. We genotyped 1,147 SNPs, generated by GBS across 23 populations, and compared multiple demographic scenarios, built based on the geological history of the TMVB. The best-fitting model suggested a recent species split (for a conifer), dating back to ~1.2 Ma, together with early asymmetric gene flow (mostly from A. flinckii into A. religiosa), limited to the central sympatric region. Coupled with the lack of support for colonization models, the summary statistics (f, Hobs, FST, θπ, etc.) and historical demographic inferences made herein point to a rapid speciation with an early development of reinforcement, as a putative mechanism for avoiding hybridization. The role of reinforcement should be thus further explored in the (sub)tropics, as likely explanation for how species diversity is generated and maintained.

Past and recent biodiversity profiling in ancient Lake Chalco Mexico by a metagenomics analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bárbara Moguel ◽  
Liseth Pérez ◽  
Luis David Alcaraz ◽  
Socorro Lozano-García ◽  
Luis Herrera-Estrella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Belt ◽  
Environmental Dna ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mexican Volcanic Belt ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Throughput Dna Sequencing ◽  
High Altitude Lake ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
The Relationship

<p>For decades, paleoecological studies in lake sediments have focused on reconstructing the environments of the past and explaining phenomena linked to climatic variations. Recent advances in high-throughput DNA sequencing have allowed access to environmental DNA (eDNA) and ancient sedimentary DNA (sedaDNA) as a new and efficient proxy for past and present biodiversity. The basin of Mexico (BM) is located in the central part of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt at 2,200 m a.s.l.; with the southern portion harboring the Chalco sub-basin. Lake Chalco is one of the last remaining natural aquatic ecosystems within the ever-expanding urban area surrounding Mexico City. The paleoenvironmental history of this lake has been previously characterized using sedimentological and geochemical proxies, as well as preserved microfossils (diatoms, pollen) with a temporal framework based on multiple radiocarbon dates. However, information for the remaining taxonomic groups and metabolic pathways remained unexplored. Here, we present the first metagenomics-based study for the Holocene in a high-altitude lake in Central Mexico –Lake Chalco. We explored the relationship between the lake’s paleoenvironmental condition and estimations of taxonomic and metabolic profiles across the sedimentary sequence (2.5 meters long). Multiple biological and abiotic variables revealed three main environmental phases: 1) a cool freshwater lake (FW1: 11,500-11,000 cal years BP), 2) a warm hyposaline lake (HS2: 11,000-6,000 cal years BP), and 3) a temperate, subsaline lake (SS3, <6,000 cal years BP). We describe the structure of the microbiota community and taxonomy richness turnover in the three Holocene paleoenvironmental phases. During the past 12 000 years BP the most abundant domains in Lake Chalco sediments were Bacteria, followed by Archaea, and Eukarya (36,722 genera). The analysis of functional proteins showed high biodiversity with a total of 27,636,243 proteins identified, but it was only possible to annotate 3,227,398 of them. Also, we identified several genes associated with some relevant pathways, such as methanogenesis. Altogether, this study allowed us to reconstruct the natural history of lake Chalco and its surroundings.</p>

The dynamic history of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt and the Mexico subduction zone

2012 ◽  
Vol 522-523 ◽  
pp. 122-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Ferrari ◽  
Teresa Orozco-Esquivel ◽  
Vlad Manea ◽  
Marina Manea
Keyword(s):  
Subduction Zone ◽  
Volcanic Belt ◽  
Mexican Volcanic Belt ◽  
History Of ◽  
Trans Mexican Volcanic Belt

Trenchward Plio-Quaternary volcanism migration in the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt: the case of the Sierra Nevada range

2011 ◽  
Vol 148 (3) ◽  
pp. 492-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANITA CADOUX ◽  
YVES MISSENARD ◽  
RAYMUNDO G. MARTINEZ-SERRANO ◽  
HERVÉ GUILLOU
Keyword(s):  
Mexico City ◽  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Volcanic Activity ◽  
Volcanic Belt ◽  
Quaternary Volcanism ◽  
Volcanic Arc ◽  
Mexican Volcanic Belt ◽  
History Of ◽  
Roll Back ◽  
Southward Migration

AbstractThe Miocene–Quaternary Trans-Mexican Volcanic arc is thought to have grown southwards (i.e. trenchward) since the Pliocene. This theory is mainly supported by roughly N–S-directed polygenetic volcanic ranges along which volcanic activity migrates southwards with time. We investigated the eruptive history of one of these ranges, the Sierra Nevada (east boundary of Mexico City basin), by compiling literature ages and providing new K–Ar dates. Our K–Ar ages are the first ones for the northernmost Tláloc and Telapón volcanoes and for the ancestral Popocatépetl (Nexpayantla). The obtained ages reveal that the four stratovolcanoes forming the range worked contemporaneously during most of the Middle to Late Pleistocene. However, taking into account the onset of the volcanic activity, a southward migration is evidenced along the Sierra Nevada: volcanism initiated at its northern tip at least 1.8 Ma ago at Tláloc volcano, extended southwards 1 Ma ago with Iztaccíhuatl and appeared at its southern end 329 ka ago with the Nexpayantla cone. Such a migration would be most probably primarily driven by Cocos slab roll-back and steepening rather than by regional crustal tectonics, which played a secondary role by controlling the apparent alignment of the volcanoes.

scholarly journals Tree rings as indicators of climatic variation in the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, central Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 106920
Author(s):  
Teodoro Carlón Allende ◽  
José Villanueva Díaz ◽  
Gisela Soto Castro ◽  
Manuel E. Mendoza ◽  
José Luis Macías
Keyword(s):  
Tree Rings ◽  
Volcanic Belt ◽  
Climatic Variation ◽  
Central Mexico ◽  
Mexican Volcanic Belt ◽  
Trans Mexican Volcanic Belt

The Historical Seismicity of the Puebla-Tlaxcala Region (Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt) during Early Novohispanic Times (A.D. 1542–1740) and the Structure of the Tlaxcala-Huamantla Half-Graben

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Suter
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Belt ◽  
Fault System ◽  
Central Mexico ◽  
Earthquake Catalog ◽  
Induced Earthquakes ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Earthquake Intensity ◽  
Mexican Volcanic Belt ◽  
Half Graben ◽  
Trans Mexican Volcanic Belt

Abstract This article documents earthquake intensity observations during early novohispanic times (A.D. 1542–1740) in the Puebla-Tlaxcala region (central Mexico), mostly based on Nahuatl-language historical annals and chronicles, and includes (as a supplement) a descriptive earthquake catalog for this period. Although it is difficult to assign intensities from fragmentary accounts, the largest shocks (A.D. 1582 and 1711) caused damage through the entire region. Earthquake ground shaking in the study area, located within the active volcanic arc crossing central Mexico, can result from intraslab normal faulting in the subducted Cocos plate, subduction interface thrust earthquakes, motion on the faults of the intra-arc Tlaxcala-Huamantla half-graben, as well as extension accommodated through magmatic injection. Most of the historical sources describe earthquakes felt only locally and sometimes report prolonged sequences of shocks, which is indicative of magmatic dike-induced earthquakes or else resulted from motion on the faults of the Tlaxcala-Huamantla half-graben. This structure, ∼70 km long and 15–20 km wide, is the only major tectonic depression in the eastern part of the trans-Mexican volcanic belt. It is filled by a volcano-sedimentary sequence, up to 400 m thick, of unknown but likely Pliocene age. The half-graben is bound in the north by an east–west-striking and south-dipping normal fault system, which is morphologically most pronounced near the town of Tlaxcala where the footwall uplift reaches a maximum of 350 m. The fault array is likely to be active; it vertically displaces Quaternary Totolqueme volcano.

Potential distribution of the endemic imbricate alligator lizard (Barisia imbricata imbricata) in highlands of central Mexico

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armando Sunny ◽  
Andrea González-Fernández ◽  
Maristella D’Addario
Keyword(s):  
Potential Distribution ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Volcanic Belt ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Central Mexico ◽  
Natural Protected Areas ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Mexican Volcanic Belt ◽  
Trans Mexican Volcanic Belt

Barisia imbricata imbricata is an endemic anguid lizard living in the highlands of central Mexico, mainly in the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, but its current distribution is not well defined. For this reason, it is critical to make a systematic study in order to determine the potential distribution of this subspecies. We considered 13 environmental and anthropogenic variables recognized to be important to determine the presence of B. i. imbricata; we also used eight presence-only modeling methods and selected three to generate an ensemble model. The Maxent algorithm was used to obtain the most important variables. The variables with highest contribution to the model were: maximum temperature of the warmest month, altitude, Abies forest and Pinus forest. From the estimated potential distribution (9614.1 km2), 8053.4 km2 (83.8%) are located in the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, 3821.4 km2 (39.7%) are located in natural protected areas and 2418.2 km2 (25.2%) are in crop fields. The whole potential distribution is highly fragmented and characterized by the presence of human activities, which could have long-term consequences, increasing extinction risk.

scholarly journals Diversity and Origin of the Central Mexican Alpine Flora

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Victor W. Steinmann ◽  
Libertad Arredondo-Amezcua ◽  
Rodrigo Alejandro Hernández-Cárdenas ◽  
Yocupitzia Ramírez-Amezcua
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Volcanic Activity ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Volcanic Belt ◽  
Central Mexico ◽  
Floristic Diversity ◽  
Alpine Vegetation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Mexican Volcanic Belt ◽  
Determining Factor

Alpine vegetation is scarce in central Mexico (≈150 km2) and occurs on the 11 highest peaks of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB). Timberline occurs at (3700) 3900 m, and at 4750 m vascular plants cease to exist. The alpine vascular flora comprises 237 species from 46 families and 130 genera. Asteraceae (44), Poaceae (42), and Caryophyllaceae (21) possess 45% of the species; none of the remaining families have more than 10 species. Four species are strict endemics, and eight others are near endemics. Thirteen species are restricted to alpine vegetation but also occur outside the study area. Seventy-seven species are endemic to Mexico, 35 of which are endemic to the TMVB. In terms of biogeography, the strongest affinities are with Central or South America. Fifteen species are also native to the Old World. Size of the alpine area seems to not be the determining factor for its floristic diversity. Instead, the time since and extent of the last volcanic activity, in addition to the distance from other alpine islands, appear to be important factors affecting diversity. There is evidence for upward vegetational shifts having occurred during the last century.

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