scholarly journals Threshold analysis of particulate matter emissions from biological soil crusts and their proportion in total wind erosion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusong Wang ◽  
Dandan Wang ◽  
Xinxiao Yu ◽  
Guodong Jia ◽  
Xiaomin Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Biological Soil Crusts ◽  
Particle Emission ◽  
Soil Crusts ◽  
Particulate Matter Emissions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Emission Capacity

The problem of farmland degradation and air pollution caused by wind erosion and particulate matter emissions is serious. Relying on biological soil crust coverage can effectively inhibit the production of wind erosion materials. However, recent studies have discussed the wind erosion and particulate matter emission processes separately and few studies analyzed both, clarifying the changes in the proportion of particulate matter emissions in the total wind erosion. Aiming at the typical farming-pastoral transition zone in the monsoon climate zone, this study used wind tunnels to analyze the wind erosion and particulate matter emissions of algae crusts and moss crusts for different wind speeds and coverage conditions. Results show that the effects of wind speed and coverage on the total wind erosion of biological soil crusts are similar. However, the emission of particulate matter is particularly sensitive to coverage of biological soil crusts. The proportion of particulate matter emissions in wind erosion decreases with increasing wind speed. According to the trend of the proportion with wind speed, the particle emission capacity of moss crust is directly proportional to the particle size and inversely proportional to the coverage. In contrast, the particle emission capacity of algae crust particles is proportional to the particle size, but the relationship with coverage is not regular. The results of this study can improve the knowledge of the relationship between wind erosion and particulate matter emissions and give relevant information for the management of wind erosion and particulate matter emissions.

Characterization of the emission behavior of pulse-jet cleaned filters using a low-cost particulate matter sensor/Charakterisierung der Emission von druckstoßgereinigten Oberflächenfiltern mit einem Low-Cost-Feinstaubsensor

Gefahrstoffe ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 443-450
Author(s):  
P. Bächler ◽  
J. Meyer ◽  
A. Dittler
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Particle Emission ◽  
Filter Medium ◽  
Emission Measurement ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration ◽  
Pulse Jet

The reduction of fine dust emissions with pulse-jet cleaned filters plays an important role in industrial gas cleaning to meet emission standards and protect the environment. The dust emission of technical facilities is typically measured “end of pipe”, so that no information about the local emission contribution of individual filter elements exists. Cheap and compact low-cost sensors for the detection of particulate matter (PM) concentrations, which have been prominently applied for immission monitoring in recent years have the potential for emission measurement of filters to improve process monitoring. This publication discusses the suitability of a low-cost PM-sensor, the model SPS30 from the manufacturer Sensirion, in terms of the potential for particle emission measurement of surface filters in a filter test rig based on DIN ISO 11057. A Promo® 2000 in combination with a Welas® 2100 sensor serves as the optical reference device for the evaluation of the detected PM2.5 concentration and particle size distribution of the emission measured by the low-cost sensor. The Sensirion sensor shows qualitatively similar results of the detected PM2.5 emission as the low-cost sensor SDS011 from the manufacturer Nova Fitness, which was investigated by Schwarz et al. in a former study. The typical emission peak after jet-pulse cleaning of the filter, due to the penetration of particles through the filter medium, is detected during Δp-controlled operation. The particle size distribution calculated from the size resolved number concentrations of the low-cost sensor yields a distinct distribution for three different employed filter media and qualitatively fits the size distribution detected by the Palas® reference. The emission of these three different types of filter media can be distinguished clearly by the measured PM2.5 concentration and the emitted mass per cycle and filter area, demonstrating the potential for PM emission monitoring by the low-cost PM-sensor. During the period of Δt-controlled filter aging, a decreasing emission, caused by an increasing amount of stored particles in the filter medium, is detected. Due to the reduced particle emission after filter aging, the specified maximum concentration of the low-cost sensor is not exceeded so that coincidence is unlikely to affect the measurement results of the sensor for all but the very first stage of filter life.

scholarly journals Temporal and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Atmospheric Particulate Matter (PM10 and PM2.5) in Changchun and Analysis of Its Influencing Factors

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju Wang ◽  
Xin Xie ◽  
Chunsheng Fang
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Atmospheric Particulate Matter ◽  
Source Distribution ◽  
Distribution Characteristics ◽  
Atmospheric Particulate ◽  
Pm10 And Pm2.5 ◽  
Particulate Matter Emissions

With Changchun’s economic development, atmospheric particulate pollution has become a significant challenge in Changchun. The spatiotemporal patterns of particulate matter emissions are an inherent characteristic for particulate matter emissions. By using hourly PM (particulate matter) mass concentration measured at 10 atmospheric automatic monitoring stations and meteorological parameters, the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) and its relationship with meteorological parameters of Changchun have been analyzed. Pollution pathways and source distribution were investigated using HYSPLIT (Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) model and cluster analysis. Results indicated that the quarterly average PM2.5 and PM10 mass concentrations in Changchun were higher in the first quarter and the fourth quarter. PM concentrations observed in all seasons generally exhibited two peaks, at 07:00–10:00 and 21:00–23:00, with the exception of PM10 in spring. PM pollution was concentrated mainly in the central, northern, and western areas of Changchun in most seasons, mainly due to anthropogenic activities and soil dust transported outside the region. PM concentrations were negatively correlated with relative humidity and temperature. PM2.5 concentrations were negatively correlated with wind speed, while PM10 concentrations were positively correlated with wind speed. The results of backward trajectory clustered showed that the northwest airflow had the greatest impact on PM of Changchun, except summer.

Effect of particle size on particulate matter emissions during biosolid char combustion under air and oxyfuel conditions

Fuel ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 232 ◽  
pp. 251-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sui Boon Liaw ◽  
Xujun Chen ◽  
Yun Yu ◽  
Mário Costa ◽  
Hongwei Wu
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Char Combustion ◽  
Particulate Matter Emissions ◽  
Effect Of Particle Size

scholarly journals Fractal Scaling of Particle Size Distribution and Relationships with Topsoil Properties Affected by Biological Soil Crusts

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e88559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang-Lei Gao ◽  
Guo-Dong Ding ◽  
Bin Wu ◽  
Yu-Qing Zhang ◽  
Shu-Gao Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Biological Soil Crusts ◽  
Fractal Scaling ◽  
Soil Crusts

scholarly journals Particulate matter emission from a heavy duty diesel engine with three binary blends

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2065-2076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuli Wang ◽  
Simon Sprengers ◽  
Bart Somers ◽  
Goey De
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Low Temperature Combustion ◽  
Particulate Matter Emission ◽  
Composition Ratio ◽  
Particulate Matter Emissions ◽  
Soot Emissions ◽  
Heavy Duty Diesel ◽  
Composition Ratios ◽  
Test Fuel

Low temperature combustion using gasoline-like fuels has the potential to pro-vide high efficiencies and extremely low NOx and soot emissions. In this study, different volume percentages (30%~70%) of iso-octane, toluene, and n-butanol are blended with n-heptane separately. These blends with different composition ratios are tested on a modified single-cylinder research engine. Also, simulations are performed using a homogeneous reactor method to know the fuel-chemical effects on particulate matter emissions. Thirdly, a composition ratio of 70% is selected to perform further experiments based on the results from the initial composition ratio experiments with a focus on the particle size distributions. It was found that if the test fuel can provide sufficient ignition delay to allow fuel to premix with air fully, the soot emissions will be low and particle size is small even if the test fuel contains a lot of aromatic compounds.

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