scholarly journals Conceptual Fields and Magnetic Field: a theoretical model for epistemological classification of tasks in magnetostatics

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Glauco Cohen Ferreira Pantoja
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Higher Education ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Conceptual Structure ◽  
Magnetic Interactions ◽  
Physics Teaching ◽  
Secondary Classes ◽  
Epistemological Complexity

This work presents a theoretical model for epistemological classification of tasks in magnetostatics aimed at High School and Higher Education. The approach is based on the theory of conceptual fields and includes classification in terms of thought operations necessary to solve the tasks and in these situations’ parameters. Four primary classes of situations are proposed, namely, description of magnetic interactions, analogic symbolization of magnetic fields, non-analogic symbolization of magnetic fields and calculation of magnetic fields. These classes cannot be reduced one to another, however they can occur simultaneously in the same task. Each one was subdivided in secondary classes of situations based on parameters they can assume and ordered by epistemological complexity. As contributions for physics teaching research this work offers a theoretical-methodological model for analyzing students’ progression in the conceptual field of magnetostatics, a conceptual structure for building situations based on predicative and operational competences for understanding the concept of magnetic field, and a practical example of epistemological classification of situations that can be adapted for other areas of Science like Quantum Mechanics, for example.

Molecular Rovibronic Symmetries in Electric and Magnetic Fields

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (19) ◽  
pp. 2210-2220 ◽  
Author(s):  
James K. G. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Symmetry Groups ◽  
Nuclear Spins ◽  
Symmetry Classification ◽  
Electric And Magnetic Fields ◽  
Field Symmetry ◽  
Point Groups

The structures of the symmetry groups for the rovibronic levels of a molecule in a homogeneous electric or magnetic field are derived, and the symmetry classification of the levels in terms of the representations and corepresentations of these groups is discussed. Specific results are given for molecules of the point groups C3, C2v, C3v, D2d, and Td in an electric field. Symmetry in combined electric and magnetic fields and the inclusion of nuclear spins are considered briefly.

scholarly journals Decoding of the Skin Sensations to the Low Intensive Electric and Magnetic Fields

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Electric And Magnetic Fields ◽  
The Brain

The article represents the ability of the human skin sensitive receptors and receptors of the proprioception to detect and code the very low intensive electric and magnetic fields. Was made the classification of the skin sensations to the electric field (EF) and magnetic field (MF) – 34 kind sensations. Was made the electrophysiology pattern of every one sensation to the electric field (EF) and magnetic field (MF) – how the skin sensitive receptors and receptors of proprioception code the electric and magnetic fields to be translate from the sensitive nerve to the brain.

Gantmakher–Kaner Effect in Gallium Single Crystals

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 863-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Gabel ◽  
J. F. Cochran
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Fermi Surface ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Excellent Agreement ◽  
Band Electron ◽  
Transmission Technique ◽  
Rf Magnetic Field

The periods of Gantmakher–Kaner oscillations for magnetic fields less than 1000 G and directed along the principle axes of gallium is reported. These oscillations were measured using a transmission technique at 1.74 MHz. The dependence of amplitude upon polarization of the RF magnetic field has enabled two of the observed periods to be identified with two small pieces of Fermi surface predicted by a recent theoretical model due to Reed. These pieces are Reed's sixth-band hole surface along T(6h), and the seventh-band electron surface along U(7e). The period which we observe for fields along the B direction in gallium, and which has its origin in Reed's 6h hole ellipsoid, is in excellent agreement with the period reported recently by Milligan and Castner using 9.2 GHz radiation.

Calculated Coronal Magnetic Fields and Their Comparison with the Coronal Structures as Observed during Five Solar Eclipses

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 559-564
Author(s):  
P. Ambrož ◽  
J. Sýkora
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Solar Cycle ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Solar Corona ◽  
Coronal Magnetic Field ◽  
Coronal Magnetic Fields ◽  
Solar Eclipses ◽  
Coronal Structures

AbstractWe were successful in observing the solar corona during five solar eclipses (1973-1991). For the eclipse days the coronal magnetic field was calculated by extrapolation from the photosphere. Comparison of the observed and calculated coronal structures is carried out and some peculiarities of this comparison, related to the different phases of the solar cycle, are presented.

Radio Measurements of Coronal Magnetic Fields

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. Gelfreikh
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Solar Corona ◽  
Active Regions ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Coronal Magnetic Field ◽  
Transverse Magnetic ◽  
Radio Sources ◽  
Radio Waves ◽  
Solar Active Regions

AbstractA review of methods of measuring magnetic fields in the solar corona using spectral-polarization observations at microwaves with high spatial resolution is presented. The methods are based on the theory of thermal bremsstrahlung, thermal cyclotron emission, propagation of radio waves in quasi-transverse magnetic field and Faraday rotation of the plane of polarization. The most explicit program of measurements of magnetic fields in the atmosphere of solar active regions has been carried out using radio observations performed on the large reflector radio telescope of the Russian Academy of Sciences — RATAN-600. This proved possible due to good wavelength coverage, multichannel spectrographs observations and high sensitivity to polarization of the instrument. Besides direct measurements of the strength of the magnetic fields in some cases the peculiar parameters of radio sources, such as very steep spectra and high brightness temperatures provide some information on a very complicated local structure of the coronal magnetic field. Of special interest are the results found from combined RATAN-600 and large antennas of aperture synthesis (VLA and WSRT), the latter giving more detailed information on twodimensional structure of radio sources. The bulk of the data obtained allows us to investigate themagnetospheresof the solar active regions as the space in the solar corona where the structures and physical processes are controlled both by the photospheric/underphotospheric currents and surrounding “quiet” corona.

Emergence of Twisted Magnetic Flux Related Sigmoidal Brightening

2000 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 263-264
Author(s):  
K. Sundara Raman ◽  
K. B. Ramesh ◽  
R. Selvendran ◽  
P. S. M. Aleem ◽  
K. M. Hiremath
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Active Regions ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Energy Storage And Conversion ◽  
The Sun ◽  
X Rays ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Extended AbstractWe have examined the morphological properties of a sigmoid associated with an SXR (soft X-ray) flare. The sigmoid is cospatial with the EUV (extreme ultra violet) images and in the optical part lies along an S-shaped Hαfilament. The photoheliogram shows flux emergence within an existingδtype sunspot which has caused the rotation of the umbrae giving rise to the sigmoidal brightening.It is now widely accepted that flares derive their energy from the magnetic fields of the active regions and coronal levels are considered to be the flare sites. But still a satisfactory understanding of the flare processes has not been achieved because of the difficulties encountered to predict and estimate the probability of flare eruptions. The convection flows and vortices below the photosphere transport and concentrate magnetic field, which subsequently appear as active regions in the photosphere (Rust & Kumar 1994 and the references therein). Successive emergence of magnetic flux, twist the field, creating flare productive magnetic shear and has been studied by many authors (Sundara Ramanet al.1998 and the references therein). Hence, it is considered that the flare is powered by the energy stored in the twisted magnetic flux tubes (Kurokawa 1996 and the references therein). Rust & Kumar (1996) named the S-shaped bright coronal loops that appear in soft X-rays as ‘Sigmoids’ and concluded that this S-shaped distortion is due to the twist developed in the magnetic field lines. These transient sigmoidal features tell a great deal about unstable coronal magnetic fields, as these regions are more likely to be eruptive (Canfieldet al.1999). As the magnetic fields of the active regions are deep rooted in the Sun, the twist developed in the subphotospheric flux tube penetrates the photosphere and extends in to the corona. Thus, it is essentially favourable for the subphotospheric twist to unwind the twist and transmit it through the photosphere to the corona. Therefore, it becomes essential to make complete observational descriptions of a flare from the magnetic field changes that are taking place in different atmospheric levels of the Sun, to pin down the energy storage and conversion process that trigger the flare phenomena.

Peculiarity Parameters

1976 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 233-254
Author(s):  
H. M. Maitzen
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Observational Evidence ◽  
Rotator Model ◽  
Peculiar Behaviour ◽  
Field Spectrum ◽  
Oblique Rotator ◽  
Ap Stars ◽  
The Way

Ap stars are peculiar in many aspects. During this century astronomers have been trying to collect data about these and have found a confusing variety of peculiar behaviour even from star to star that Struve stated in 1942 that at least we know that these phenomena are not supernatural. A real push to start deeper theoretical work on Ap stars was given by an additional observational evidence, namely the discovery of magnetic fields on these stars by Babcock (1947). This originated the concept that magnetic fields are the cause for spectroscopic and photometric peculiarities. Great leaps for the astronomical mankind were the Oblique Rotator model by Stibbs (1950) and Deutsch (1954), which by the way provided mathematical tools for the later handling pulsar geometries, anti the discovery of phase coincidence of the extrema of magnetic field, spectrum and photometric variations (e.g. Jarzebowski, 1960).

Nuclear magnetic resonance microscopy

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 828-829
Author(s):  
Paul C. Lauterbur
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Field Gradients ◽  
Useful Signal ◽  
Magnetic Field Gradients ◽  
Observation Times ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic

Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging can reach microscopic resolution, as was noted many years ago, but the first serious attempt to explore the limits of the possibilities was made by Hedges. Resolution is ultimately limited under most circumstances by the signal-to-noise ratio, which is greater for small radio receiver coils, high magnetic fields and long observation times. The strongest signals in biological applications are obtained from water protons; for the usual magnetic fields used in NMR experiments (2-14 tesla), receiver coils of one to several millimeters in diameter, and observation times of a number of minutes, the volume resolution will be limited to a few hundred or thousand cubic micrometers. The proportions of voxels may be freely chosen within wide limits by varying the details of the imaging procedure. For isotropic resolution, therefore, objects of the order of (10μm) may be distinguished.Because the spatial coordinates are encoded by magnetic field gradients, the NMR resonance frequency differences, which determine the potential spatial resolution, may be made very large. As noted above, however, the corresponding volumes may become too small to give useful signal-to-noise ratios. In the presence of magnetic field gradients there will also be a loss of signal strength and resolution because molecular diffusion causes the coherence of the NMR signal to decay more rapidly than it otherwise would. This phenomenon is especially important in microscopic imaging.

Germination and initial growth of triticale seeds under stationary magnetic fields

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercedes Florez ◽  
Elvira Martinez ◽  
Victoria Carbonell
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
Nutrition Value ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

The main objective of this study is to determine the effects of 125 mT and 250mT magnetic treatment on the germination and initial growth of triticale seeds. This objective has a practical application in agriculture science: early growth of triticale. An increase in the percentage and rate of germination of seeds and a stimulation of growth of seedlings as positive response to magnetic field treatment in rice, wheat, maize and barley seeds have been found in previous studies. Germination tests were carried out under laboratory conditions by exposing triticale seeds to magnetic field for different times. The effect was studied by exposure of seeds prior sowing. The mean germination time were reduced for all the magnetic treatments applied. Most significant differences were obtained for time of exposure of 1 and 24 hours and maximum reductions was 12%. Furthermore, seedlings from magnetically treated seeds grew taller than control. The longest mean total length was obtained from seedlings exposed to 125 and 250 mT for 24 hours. External magnetic fields are assumed to enhance seed vigor by influencing the biochemical processes by stimulating activity of proteins and enzymes. Numerous studies suggested that magnetic field increases ions uptake and consequently improves nutrition value.

Tuning the Magnetic Alignment of Cellulose Nanocrystals from Perpendicular to Parallel Using Lepidocrocite Nanoparticles

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Guccini ◽  
Sugam Kumar ◽  
Yulia Trushkina ◽  
Gergely Nagy ◽  
Christina Schütz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Cellulose Nanocrystals ◽  
Small Angle Neutron Scattering ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Magnetic Alignment ◽  
Polarized Optical Microscopy ◽  
Parallel Orientation ◽  
Weak Magnetic Fields

The magnetic alignment of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and lepidocrocite nanorods (LpN), pristine and in hybrid suspensions has been investigated using contrast-matched small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) under in situ magnetic fields (0 – 6.8 T) and polarized optical microscopy. The pristine CNC (diamagnetic) and pristine LpN (paramagnetic) align perpendicular and parallel to the direction of field, respectively. The alignment of both the nanoparticles in their hybrid suspensions depends on the relative amount of the two components (CNC and LpN) and strength of the applied magnetic field. In the presence of 10 wt% LpN and fields < 1.0 T, the CNC align parallel to the field. In the hybrid containing lower amount of LpN (1 wt%), the ordering of CNC is partially frustrated in all range of magnetic field. At the same time, the LpN shows both perpendicular and parallel orientation, in the presence of CNC. This study highlights that the natural perpendicular ordering of CNC can be switched to parallel by weak magnetic fields and the incorporation of paramagnetic nanoparticle as LpN, as well it gives a method to influence the orientation of LpN.<br>

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