scholarly journals THE CARBON FOOTPRINT OF A MEAT PROCESSING COMPANY

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Jerzy Bieńkowski ◽  
Radosław Dąbrowicz ◽  
Ewa Dworecka-Wąż ◽  
Małgorzata Holka ◽  
Janusz Jankowiak
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Meat Processing ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Main Indicator ◽  
Processing Enterprise ◽  
Carbon Economy

Plans for mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the agri-food sector should not only include the production of agricultural raw materials but also the food processing industry. The aim of the research was to determine the carbon footprint of a meat processing enterprise and to analyze the intensity indicators of GHG emissions. The study was conducted in a medium-sized company, located in the Wielkopolska Province, for which pork is a basic feedstock for the production (over 81.0%). The results show that the largest GHG emissions were related to the consumption of electricity, natural gas and fuels in the transport of products. There were estimated values of several indicators of emission intensity. The main indicator of GHG emissions related to the unit of product was 519 g CO2 eq. per 1 kg. It is concluded that the analysis of the carbon footprint can be an important instrument for the management of GHG emissions at the company level and can also serve the purpose of assessing the effects of implementing plans for a low-carbon economy in the meat processing sector.

Reduction Design for Corrugated Box - Local Composite Strengthening Technology

2013 ◽  
Vol 655-657 ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
Jian Hua Xu ◽  
Zhi Jian Xiao ◽  
Adan Zhuang
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Traditional Process ◽  
Carbon Economy

The reduction design is an important orientation for the design and development of corrugated box in the low-carbon economy era. Concentrating on 02 pattern corrugated box, and in accordance with the weight-bearing principle of cartons and intended strength requirements, this paper conducts the local strengthened composition on the corrugated box casing and enhances the physical properties of cartons in circulation, stacking, storage, and other aspects, which achieves the same physical strength as the traditional process but with less raw materials. The conclusions are drawn as follows on the basis of experimental and production cases: under the premise of selecting appropriate composite materials and processes, the use of the local composite strengthening technology in corrugated box casing can produce the carton with the same compressive strength while lowering more than 15% production costs than the conventional process. The study will provide some guidance to the reduction design of the corrugated box.

Study on a New Method of Cleaner Process Design and its Application

2010 ◽  
Vol 139-141 ◽  
pp. 1370-1373
Author(s):  
Ying Liu ◽  
Yan Fei Xu ◽  
Ran Huang
Keyword(s):  
Process Design ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Cleaner Production ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Quality Design ◽  
Manufacturing Mode ◽  
Carbon Economy

Cleaner production, a new manufacturing mode, is the inevitable choice for enterprise to achieve sustainable development in low-carbon economy era. Cleaner process design method is guided by the thought of cleaner production. The method, under the premise of product quality, comprehensively considers factors like resources, environment, productivity and cost, and optimizes the steps and content of process, then develops a resource efficiency cleaner process for transformation of raw materials to products, which has little influence on environment. By adopting modern quality design technology, and introducing ‘House of Environment’ into the cleaner process design as an analytical tool, this paper presents a detailed discussion on cleaner process design method based on the principle of ‘House of Environment’ with an example to illustrate the points.

Theory of change for the mineral Exploration - INFACT project

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathryn MacCallum ◽  
Jon Russill ◽  
Moritz Kirsch ◽  
Leila Ajjabou ◽  
Insiya Salam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mineral Exploration ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Theory Of Change ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Carbon Economy

<p>The INFACT project aims to reinvigorate mineral exploration in Europe by engaging society and using new technology and research to improve mineral exploration practice. The consortium is formed of geo- and social scientists working together to achieve a new vision of mineral exploration. As a key part of INFACT, expert stakeholders from across Europe and other jurisdictions such as Australia and Canada have been engaged in a series of online and face to face discussions to determine and address identified challenges to exploration and a way to overcome them. </p><p>Five key environmental and social challenges and barriers to exploration in Europe have been determined by INFACT through a mix of qualitative and quantitative research. These were (i) existing land use, (ii) the cost of mineral exploration, (iii) public perceptions and negative attitudes toward the exploration and mining industry, (iv) sustainability and the environment, and (v) governance and regulatory structures and processes. </p><p>Through a series of workshops and interviews, discussing ways to address these challenges and barriers, a vision for mineral exploration and mining in Europe was created:</p><ul><li>Mining in Europe should contribute to local and regional sustainable development, enabling a low carbon economy through environmentally and socially acceptable extraction of critical raw materials(CRM). This will involve:</li> <li>The European Commission developing and enforcing rigorous and binding legislation with respect to all mineral exploration activities;</li> <li>Increased investment contribution for exploration of CRM within Europe;</li> <li>Exploration companies being required to adopt environmental and socially acceptable good practice;</li> <li>Increased awareness of the importance of mining to support a low carbon economy and improved public trust in the process;</li> <li>Creation of socio-economic shared value through adoption of multi-stakeholder collaborative planning and visioning; and</li> <li>Exploration companies achieving and maintaining a Social Licence to Operate;</li> </ul><p>The work presented will determine a way to ensure socio-environmentally sustainable supply of raw materials and the key steps required to achieve this vision. </p><p><br><br></p>

scholarly journals FUTURE CELLULOSE BASED INDUSTRIES IN BANGLADESH – A MINI REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 443-459
Author(s):  
AKASH M. SARKAR ◽  
MAISHA FARZANA ◽  
M. MOSTAFIZUR RAHMAN ◽  
YANGCAN JIN ◽  
M. SARWAR JAHAN
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Forest Resources ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Very High ◽  
Carbon Economy

"Lignocellulosic products can contribute to a low carbon economy, which can support in achieving the sustainable development goals of a country. The demand for pulp and paper in the developing world is constantly increasing. Due to environmental awareness, interest in bio-based products is mounting, encouraging the establishment of integrated biorefineries. Bangladesh is facing an acute shortage of fibrous raw materials, as forest resources are limited. This paper provides an overview of the characteristics of raw materials that would be available for pulping to future pulp industries in Bangladesh. Rice straw is the most abundant raw material in Bangladesh, followed by wheat straw. However, both rice and wheat straws contain a very high amount of silica, which restricts their use in pulping. An alternative technology has been developed to overcome the drawbacks of non-wood pulping, where all dissolved biomass fractions are used in the development of bio-based products. "

scholarly journals The Role of Mitigation Options for Achieving a Low-Carbon Economy in the Netherlands in 2050 Using a System Dynamics Modelling Approach

Climate ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Vincent Linderhof ◽  
Kristie Dekkers ◽  
Nico Polman
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Mitigation Options ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Energy And Climate Policy ◽  
Business As Usual ◽  
Carbon Economy ◽  
Policy Scenarios

To reach a low-carbon economy in the Netherlands, the level of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions has to be reduced by 80–95% CO2 emissions compared to 1990 (223.1 MtCO2-equivalents). This study aims to address how investment subsidies combined with carbon levies could be deployed to support technological mitigation options to achieve a low-carbon economy in the Netherlands in 2050. A system dynamic model has been built including demographic-economic, energy and environmental sub-systems of the Netherlands. The model has been validated with earlier projections of the EU for the energy and climate policy in 2050. Next to the business-as-usual scenario, there are four policy scenarios simulated from 2010 to 2050. In all policy scenarios a carbon levy was imposed on non-renewable energy to finance subsidies on mitigation options. Results show that imposing subsidies on the mitigation option renewable energy is most effective in combination with the carbon levy.

scholarly journals Regionalisation of needs to reduce GHG emission from agriculture in Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-376
Author(s):  
Mariusz Kistowski ◽  
Paweł Wiśniewski
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
The One ◽  
Carbon Economy

An important element in the local shaping of a low-carbon economy, as well as one of the key areas of activity in communal plans for its development should be rural areas and their related agricultural activities. This is due on the one hand to the significant share of agriculture in total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Poland (on average about 8%, locally as much as 20-50%), and on the other hand to the high potential of rural areas to use their resources to increase carbon sequestration in biomass and soil, reduce GHG emissions, as well as use agricultural activity for the development of renewable energy. The paper, based on the results of mathematical modelling of GHG emission from agricultural sources in all Polish communes, attempts to regionalize the needs of integrating agriculture and rural areas into the development of low-carbon economy at the local level. For this purpose, the guiding factors for regionalisation of the needs for mitigation actions were determined, and a regionalisation of these needs as well as a typology of the distinguished regions were, consequently, developed. The regions with the most urgent needs for mitigation actions were indicated, as well as the directions of mitigation actions for particular types of regions.

scholarly journals On the possibilities of launching a regional pilot project for the development of a low-carbon economy in the Republic of Tatarstan

Georesursy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Igor A. Makarov ◽  
Evgeniya E. Muzychenko
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Carbon Economy

Decarbonization is one of the main trends in global development of the last decade. More than 120 countries have already announced plans to achieve net-zero emissions by the middle of the century. Among them are Russia’s largest trading partners, including the European Union, China, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Kazakhstan, as well as the United States. These ambitions are supported by a tightening carbon regulation: carbon pricing has already been set up in 64 countries and regions. In the largest emissions trading system – the European one – carbon price has already exceeded 50 euros per ton of emissions. Significant effort in decarbonization has been taken in many industries (e.g., civil aviation, maritime transport, oil and gas industry), companies (which set up carbon neutrality targets and introduce internal carbon pricing) and the financial sector. Standards for corporate information disclosure about emissions and strategies for their reduction, in particular CDP and TCFD, are being developed and adopted. At the same time, ways to put pressure on competitors who do not want to bear the costs associated with reducing greenhouse gas emissions are being developed. For example, the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) will be launched by the European Union in 2023. All these trends mean that products with low carbon footprint become not just a competitive advantage for a company, but also an inevitable condition for its presence on the international market. Companies with a high carbon footprint face less favorable conditions of borrowing, as well as trading barriers and growing pressure from customers both corporate and individual. In this regard, the development of low-carbon economy in Russia is inevitable to minimize the costs associated with tightening regulation. It is becoming particularly relevant for export-oriented regions with large emissions, including the Republic of Tatarstan. In our opinion, the launch of a pilot project to regulate greenhouse gas emissions in this region is important not only for GHG reduction itself, but also for increasing competitiveness of Tatarstan companies on international markets and attracting investment from both Russian and foreign investors. In this paper, we explain the need to launch such a pilot and relying on the existing Russian and international experience on the one hand and taking into account the characteristics of Tatarstan’s economy on the other, we demonstrate a scheme by which such a project can be organized.

scholarly journals Thermodynamic Rarity Assessment of Mobile Phone PCBs: A Physical Criticality Indicator in Times of Shortage

Entropy ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Jorge Torrubia ◽  
Antonio Valero ◽  
Alicia Valero
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Printed Circuit Boards ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Circuit Boards ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Short Lifespan ◽  
Carbon Economy ◽  
Critical Raw Materials

Rising prices in energy, raw materials, and shortages of critical raw materials (CRMs) for renewable energies or electric vehicles are jeopardizing the transition to a low-carbon economy. Therefore, managing scarce resources must be a priority for governments. To that end, appropriate indicators that can identify the criticality of raw materials and products is key. Thermodynamic rarity (TR) is an exergy-based indicator that measures the scarcity of elements in the earth’s crust and the energy intensity to extract and refine them. This paper uses TR to study 70 Mobile Phone (MP) Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) samples. Results show that an average MP PCB has a TR of 88 MJ per unit, indicating their intensive use of valuable materials. Every year the embedded TR increases by 36,250 GWh worldwide -similar to the electricity consumed by Denmark in 2019- due to annual production of MP. Pd, Ta and Au embedded in MP PCBs worldwide between 2007 and 2021 contribute to 90% of the overall TR, which account for 75, 600 and 250 tones, respectively, and increasing by 11% annually. This, coupled with the short lifespan of MP, makes PCBs an important potential source of secondary resources.

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