ANALYSIS AND TREATMENT OF WASTE WATER FROM FISH PROCESSING ENTERPRISES

A distinctive feature of waste water of fi sh processing enterprises is the high content of organic substances: COD - 620-3500 mg/L, BOD-220-2860 mg/L. The ratio of BOD:COD=0.68-0.83 in the waste water of fi sh processing enterprises shows a high potential for the use of biological treatment methods. Further study requires the removal of biogenic elements, because, for example, for a fi sh cannery, the ratio of BOD:N:P=100:3.79:1.08 and 100:4.77:0.57. This article presents the experience of design, construction, start-up and adjustment of sewage treatment facilities of a fi sh processing enterprise. For wastewater treatment, the following scheme was developed and manufactured by the ECOLOS company: a receiving well with a basket, a drum grate, a horizontal grease trap, an homogenizer, a reagent pressure fl otation unit, a membrane bioreactor, and ultraviolet disinfection. The quality of waste water at the outlet of the treatment facilities meets the requirements of the Normative- permissible discharge provided by LLC «Russkaya Treska».

The problem of optimizing the schedule of perishable agricultural products processing

Subject. The article addresses the economic, scientific, technological, and production activities of processing plants within the agri-industrial complex. Objectives. The study aim to analyze and describe the specifics of storing perishable agricultural products, and the impact on both the further processing and final results of a processing enterprise. Methods. We employ methods of analysis and synthesis, grouping and comparison, abstraction, generalization, and analogy. We provide a mathematical model that describes the sugar beet processing, taking into account the level of sugar content, based on methods of mathematical modeling and optimization theory. Results. Our analysis of the influence of storage time of perishable agricultural products on their further processing showed that this factor can have a serious impact on the results of processing enterprises. We investigated the issue, using the case of such an important technical culture as sugar beet. We highlight an important factor, which can significantly improve the results of economic activity of enterprises, i.e. the formation of a schedule for the order of processing of sugar beet with different levels of sugar content. Conclusions. To maximize the final output, the sugar beet processing should start with batches of maximum sugar content. We provide assessments, characterizing the level of final output, should this rule be violated. The findings may serve as a basis for developing more general mathematical models, which describe the sugar beet processing and consider other factors, including the dynamics of the process of beet pile fields replenishment with sugar beet of various sugar content.

Formation of a strategic policy of a fish processing enterprise using SWOT analysis

Для определения конкурентоспособности и дальнейшего улучшения деятельности рыбоперерабатывающей организации в данной работе был использован SWOT-анализ. Результаты исследования дали возможность представить, как SWOT-анализ помогает устранить недостатки и сделать выбор перспективного развития на будущее для усиления конкурентоспособности организации. В статье приведен анализ информации о рыбоперерабатывающем предприятии. Вся информация сгруппирована и занесена в матрицу SWOT-анализа по четырем категориям: сильные и слабые стороны, возможности и угрозы. Были проанализированы значимость каждой сильной и слабой стороны, вероятность возникновения и сила влияния для каждой возможности и угрозы. Результатом исследования факторов микросреды рыбоперерабатывающей организации стало формирование матрицы стратегий. Выявлены четыре потенциально возможные стратегии (представленные ниже) предприятия, которые оно может выбрать. To determine the competitiveness and further improve the activities of the fish processing organization, a SWOT analysis was used in this work. The result of the study made it possible to present how SWOT analysis helps to eliminate shortcomings and make a choice of promising development for the future to strengthen the competitiveness of the organization. The article provides an analysis of information about the fish processing enterprise. All information is grouped and entered into the SWOT analysis matrix in four categories: strengths and weaknesses; opportunities and threats. The significance of each strong and weak side, the probability of occurrence and the strength of influence for each opportunity and threat were analyzed. The result of the study of the factors of the microenvironment of the fish processing organization was the formation of a matrix of strategies. Four potential strategies (presented below) that the enterprise can choose are identified.

Devising a method for the formation of sustainable chains of supply of raw materials from mercantile exchange to a timber processing enterprise considering uncertainties and risks

The relevant problem of guaranteed supply of high-quality raw materials to a timber processing enterprise that does not have its own sources of raw materials is considered. A method for the formation of sustainable chains of supplying raw materials to a timber processing enterprise was proposed, taking into consideration uncertainties and risks associated with the purchase of raw materials on the mercantile exchange and the implementation of the circuit of delivery to a warehouse. A dynamic model, which is a problem of stochastic nonlinear programming, the objective function of which is the cost of purchasing raw materials, was developed. The model makes it possible to form a plan for purchasing raw materials on the timber section of the mercantile exchange on a given planning horizon, taking into consideration uncertainties when it comes to the number of daily offers, their volumes, and prices. The risk of cancellation of the concluded contract due to the loss of the quality of raw materials during delivery and non-fulfillment of delivery terms was also taken into consideration. To find a solution to the model, a two-stage circuit, in which the first stage involves a procurement plan that is close to optimal, was proposed. At the second stage, a plan that is closest to the basic one in terms of the volume of purchased raw materials and minimizing the total costs is chosen for each day of implementation of a random flow of applications. The numerical solution at the first stage is found using the heuristic algorithm that uses the branch and bound method and the genetic algorithm at certain steps. At the second stage, the multi-criteria problem of mathematical programming is solved numerically. An example of the formation by a timber processing enterprise in the Far East of a suboptimal procurement plan that ensures an increase in the efficiency and sustainability of economic activity in the long term is considered

Features of the long-term dynamics of heart rate variability among workers of a potash ore processing enterprise

Introduction. Currently, the violation of heart rate variability as one of the main pathogenetic mechanisms of the damaging effect of pollutants, associated effects on the cardiovascular system. The study aims to explore the dynamics of the influence of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) on heart rate variability (HRV) in workers of a potassium ore processing enterprise exposed to industrial pollutants (fine fractions of potassium chloride dust, formaldehyde, hexane, heptane) with an assessment of changes in dependence from work experience, establishment of cause-and-effect relationships of violations of heart rate variability with exposure to chemical compounds. Materials and methods. The object of the study was 140 employees of a potash ore processing enterprise, assigned to the observation group, and 76 employees of the administrative and technical apparatus, who made up the comparison group. Samples were taken from the air of the working medium for the content of saturated hydrocarbons (hexane, heptane), the vapors of formhehyde were considered, and the presence of fine particles PM2.5 and PM10 was established. Investigation of biological media (blood, urine) of workers at the enterprise determination of formaldehyde in blood, hexane and heptane in urine. Evaluation of heart rate variability was carried out on a computer electrocardiograph "Poli-Spectr-8/EX" using a cardiorhythmographic program using the method of time analysis, variation pulsometry and spectral analysis. Results. The concentration of fine particles in the air at the workplaces of the observation group was 12-111 times higher for PM2.5, and 5.6-74.6 times higher for PM10 than for the work places of the comparison group. The concentration of formaldehyde, hexane and heptane in the air did not exceed hygienic standards. In the observation group relative to the comparison group, formaldehyde blood was 1.5 times (p<0.001), in the urine of hexane - 1.2 times (p=0.011), heptane - 1.3 times (p=0.046). It was found that with an experience of up to 10 years, formaldehyde in the blood of workers in the observation group was 1.4 times higher than that in the comparison group (p=0.011), with an experience of more than 10 years - 1.7 times (p=0.005). In the urine of workers in the observation group with work experience of up to 10 years, an excess of 1.3 (p=0.026) relative to the comparison group of hexane was found. HRV data analysis. With damage to the length of service in the observation group, there was a significant decrease in the temporal analysis indicators (SDNN, ms, RMSSD, ms, pNN50, %, CV, %), while in the comparison group, only the CV, % decrease was statistically significant; the values of IN conventional units, AMo, % significantly increased (p=0.03 and p=0.003, respectively). A statistically significant relationship was established between the likelihood of an increase depending on the content of heptane in urine (b0=0.22; b1=10.6; F=21.5; R2=0.09; p=0.0001) and formaldehyde in the blood (b0=0.02; b1=6.55; F=69.6; R2=0.25; p=0.0001) in the surveyed workers. Conclusions. Activation of central ergotropic and humoral-metabolic mechanisms, a tendency towards a decrease in parasympathetic influences. The method of logistic regression analysis established a statistically significant relationship between the probability of an increase in the stress index depending on the heptane content in the blood of the surveyed suppliers.

Forecasting the effectiveness of the enterprise to intensify innovation and investment development, taking into account the financial component of economic potential

The study is devoted to the problem of analysis and forecasting of the effectiveness of the results of enterprises to ensure production and economic reserves to intensify innovation and investment development in the context of monitoring the state of their economic potential. It is the basis for the formation of endogenous and exogenous capabilities of the enterprise, aimed at achieving targeted results in each area of its activities. Creating favorable conditions for economic growth of enterprises based on the intensification of innovation and investment development requires the effective implementation of production programs using the financial component of economic potential. Based on the analysis of methodological tools for evaluating the activities of a mining and processing enterprise, formed a comprehensive methodology for quantitative and qualitative assessment of actual and projected values of performance indicators of the enterprise. It is based on determining the statistical probability of achieving a positive level of the indicator, the probability of its falling into a given interval of deviation from the recommended allowable values and an integrated assessment of the financial component of economic potential. Approbation of the developed technique is carried out within the limits of the express analysis of effective indicators of efficiency of activity of mining and processing enterprises. The results showed that with high reliability of the forecast (more than 0.85), the recommended values of the level of margin to achieve the desired efficiency are in the range of 8÷10 %. Within a sufficient level of reliability of the forecast (not less than 0.75), the recommended values of this margin are 10÷24 %. In this case, the integrated indicator of the assessment of the financial component should be more than 0.3

Optimal Financing Decision in a Contract Food Supply Chain with Capital Constraint

To solve the financing problem of the food producers, we consider a two-echelon contract food supply chain composed of a family farm with capital constraints and a food processing enterprise. With no capital constraints as the benchmark model, we analyze optimal decisions of the family farm and the food processing enterprise in the case of bank financing with bank participation only and bank financing with “government, bank, and insurance” coparticipation. Then, we discuss how the risk of yield uncertainty influences the optimal decisions and profits of the family farm and the food processing enterprise under different financing situation. Meanwhile, the reason why the government subsidizes agriculture is explored, and the policy of minimum purchase price of the food is initiated when the market price is too low. Finally, the numerical examples and sensitivity analysis are presented. The results show that the bank financing with “government, bank, and insurance” coparticipation improves the welfare of supply chain members more obviously than the bank financing with bank participation only; when the rice price is too low, the policy of minimum purchase price of food is initiated, which increases the revenue and the growing enthusiasm of the family farm; the profits of the family farm and the food processing enterprise will decrease as the risk of yield uncertainty increases in the case of bank financing, and the risk of yield uncertainty will be reduced for the family farm when bank financing with “government, bank, and insurance” coparticipation.

Impact of the service terms on biochemical indices in employees at the potassium ore processing enterprise

Introduction. The extraction of potash ores is developing at a significant pace. The flotation method is the way to obtain potassium chloride using chemical reagents that have a toxic effect on the respiratory and nervous system, and liver. The complex long-term impact of occupation factors of the working environment with an increase in work experience leads to a rise in the prevalence of diseases of vital organs and systems. The aim of the study is to assess the change in individual biochemical indices of unfavorable responses on the part of the health of workers at a potassium ore processing enterprise, depending on the length of work experience. Materials and methods. The working conditions of workers were assessed, the content of some aldehydes, hexane, and heptane in biological media was investigated, and changes in many biochemical parameters were established. Results. The factors of the working environment in workers at the potassium ore processing enterprise are characterized by the simultaneous exposure to chemicals (potassium chloride, formaldehyde, propionic and butyric aldehydes, hexane and heptane), physical parameters (industrial noise, the microclimate of the working area, the severity of the labor process) and are assessed as harmful (class 3.1). During long-term labor activity (more than ten years), workers have an accumulation of hexane in the urine (1.4 times) and the increased associated content of norepinephrine in blood plasma (up to 1.3 times), not established in workers with up to ten years of work experience. Workers with ten years of work experience and noise with a level of intensity at workplaces exceeding 14.4 dBA showed an increase of 1.3-2.3 times in the level of homocysteine and lipoprotein, not established in workers with a work experience duration of fewer than ten years. No dependence on the service terms was found for changes in sensitization indices of the upper respiratory tract and hepatocytes’ cytolytic activity. Conclusion. The revealed changes in indices with an increase in the length of service require special attention for the early diagnosis of occupational diseases and the development of measures to prevent emerging changes in critical organs and systems.

Study of the Physical, Technological and Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Hazelnuts

In the article, to study the physical, technological and physico-chemical characteristics of hazelnuts, promising varieties of hazelnuts were selected: Ata-baba, Oilseed hazelnuts, Ganja hazelnuts, Ashraf, Kudryavchik and Lombard hazelnuts. Their main dimensions, mass, core yield, solid shell thickness, etc. are measured and recorded. Some technological characteristics of the selected hazelnut varieties were studied. In accordance with the procedure, round-shaped hazelnuts, large and small of this size, were checked in factories for processing products with a diameter of less than 13.2 mm, and oblong nuts were taken as small nuts. Hazelnuts of the Ata-baba, Oilseed and Ashraf varieties became more suitable for processing on the equipment of the processing enterprise. One of the important parameters is the kernel output. The core output must be at least 35%. This indicator is 55.7% in the Ata-baba variety, 58% in the Oilseed hazelnuts. The Ganja variety had 54%. The main reserve substances of hazelnuts are proteins and lipids. The content of lipids in the studied varieties was 60.4–72.5%, proteins 15.8–17.8%, carbohydrates 11.4–20.11%, core moisture 3.98–7.49%. According to the certification requirements, the drained cores should not exceed 4%. Set coefficients of external and internal friction of hazelnuts with shell and core without shell so that when the humidity increases from 12% to 21% for xar of the fetus increases with 0.622 to 0.649, for dax with 0.461 to 0.523 accordingly, when the humidity increases core from 4% to 9% for xar with 0.570 to 0.603, for dax increased the odds with 0.418 to 0.453. This suggests that an increase in moisture content increases the ratio of external and internal friction of hazelnuts with shell and core without the shell. It was found that the damage to the fruit depends more on the humidity. It is considered important to maintain the moisture content of the product served for the breakdown within 14%.