Determination of sialic acids in the nervous system of silkworm (Bombyx mori L.): Effects of aging and development

Sialic acids mainly occur as components on cell surface glycoproteins and glycolipids. They play a major role in the chemical and biological diversity of glycoconjugates. Although sialic acids exhibit great structural variability in vertebrates, glycoconjugates with sialic acids have also been determined in small amounts in invertebrates. It has been suggested that sialic acids play important roles in the development and function of the nervous system. Despite Bombyx mori being a model organism for the investigation of many physiological processes, sialic acid changes in its nervous system have not been examined during development and aging. Therefore, in this study we aimed to determine sialic acid changes in the nervous system of Bombyx mori during development and aging processes. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and lectin immunohistochemistry were carried out in order to find variations among different developmental stages. Developmental stages were selected as 3rd instar (the youngest) and 5th larval instar (young), motionless prepupa (the oldest) and 13-day-old pupa (adult development). At all stages, only Neu5Ac was present, however, it dramatically decreased during the developmental and aging stages. On the other hand, an increase was observed in the amount of Neu5Ac during the pupal stage. In immunohistochemistry experiments with Maackia amurensis agglutinin (MAA) and Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA) lectins, the obtained staining was consistent with the obtained LC-MS results. These findings indicate that sialic acids are abundant at the younger stages but that they decrease in the insect nervous system during development and aging, similarly as in mammals.

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Pathogenicity and Side Effect of Indigenous Beauveria bassiana on Coccinella undecimpunctata and Hippodamia variegata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects12010042 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 42

Author(s):

Samy Sayed ◽

Sayed-Ashraf Elarrnaouty ◽

Saad AlOtaibi ◽

Mohamed Salah

Keyword(s):

Beauveria Bassiana ◽

Indirect Effect ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Larval Instar ◽

Pupal Stage ◽

Tween 80 ◽

Contact Method ◽

Coccinella Undecimpunctata ◽

Hippodamia Variegata ◽

Application Methods

This study aimed to estimate the virulence of an indigenous Beauveria bassiana on all developmental stages of two indigenous coccinellids; Coccinella undecimpunctata and Hippodamia variegata through three application methods; direct spray, contact method, and feeding on aphids treated with the fungus (ingestion). Also, indirect effect on all developmental stages resulted from 1st larval instar treated with these application methods. All treatments were done with a concentration of 1 × 105 which was recommended in previous studies for different aphid species with a control of 0.02% Tween 80 (v/v). The mortality of 1st larval instar of both H. variegata and C. undecimpunctata and pupal stage of C. undecimpunctata were significantly increased with spray method only. Also, contact method achieved significantly higher mortality on 1st larval instar of C. undecimpunctata only. Regard to indirect effect, except of mortality of 1st larval instar of both predators and 2nd larval instar of H. variegata, other developmental instars/stages of both predators were not affected by B. bassiana through the three tested application methods in the mortality, duration, survival, cumulative survival male and female longevity, and fecundity. Therefore, both tested predatory coccinellids could be compatible with this indigenous isolate of B. bassiana where, in general, there are no negative effects of the fungus on both predators.

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Studies on the Mode of Action of the Diapause Hormone in the Silkworm, Bombyx Mori L

Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.1242/jeb.41.4.855 ◽

1964 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 855-863

Author(s):

KINSAKU HASEGAWA

Keyword(s):

Bombyx Mori ◽

Adult Development ◽

Mode Of Action ◽

Sexual Difference ◽

Pupal Stage ◽

Suboesophageal Ganglion ◽

Hormone Production ◽

Bombyx Mori L ◽

Diapause Hormone ◽

Silkworm Bombyx Mori

1. The susceptibility of ‘non-diapause’ pupae to diapause hormone, the sexual difference in production of diapause hormone in the suboesophageal ganglion (SG), the changes in diapause hormone content of the SG during larval-pupal-adult development, and the hormone production in polyvoltine race, were studied by injecting diapause hormone extracts into pupae expected to produce non-diapause eggs. 2. The susceptibility of ‘non-diapause’ pupae of a bivoltine race (Daizo) was very low, or the hormone injected was almost inactivated. The susceptibility of ‘non-diapause’ race to diapause hormone is different in different races. 3. As for sexual differences in content of diapause hormone in moth heads, males are superior to females, which was further substantiated by injecting extracts from the SG of both sexes. 4. From the activity of diapause hormone extracts derived from larval, pupal and adult SG, the hormone production in SG is raised during the late pupal stage, especially in males. It is also observed that larval SG produces the hormone, and the hormone production in the SG of male moths after mating becomes weak. 5. Male moth heads of ‘non-diapause’ worms (polyvoltine race), as well as of ‘diapause’ worms, contain diapause hormone; though activity is less than in ‘diapause’ worms, which reflects the occurrence of diapause eggs caused by SG-transplantation. 6. It is highly probable that the bioassay by injecting diapause hormone extracts reveals the activity of the SG in the silkworm. 7. The activity of the SG in the polyvoltine race has been discussed from standpoint of diapause determination in the silkworm.

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Peptidomic Analysis of the Brain and Corpora Cardiaca-Corpora Allata Complex in the Bombyx mori

International Journal of Peptides ◽

10.1155/2012/640359 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Xiaoguang Liu ◽

Xia Ning ◽

Yan Zhang ◽

Wenfeng Chen ◽

Zhangwu Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bombyx Mori ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Larval Instar ◽

Corpora Allata ◽

Corpora Cardiaca ◽

Rp Hplc ◽

Transcriptome Database ◽

Peptidomic Analysis ◽

Peptide Profiles ◽

The Brain

The silkworm, Bombyx mori, is an important economic insect for silk production. However, many of the mature peptides relevant to its various life stages remain unknown. Using RP-HPLC, MALDI-TOF MS, and previously identified peptides from B. mori and other insects in the transcriptome database, we created peptide profiles showing a total of 6 ion masses that could be assigned to peptides in eggs, including one previously unidentified peptide. A further 49 peptides were assigned to larval brains. 17 new mature peptides were identified in isolated masses. 39 peptides were found in pupal brains with 8 unidentified peptides. 48 were found in adult brains with 12 unidentified peptides. These new unidentified peptides showed highly significant matches in all MS analysis. These matches were then searched against the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database to provide new annotations for these mature peptides. In total, 59 mature peptides in 19 categories were found in the brains of silkworms at the larval, pupal, and adult stages. These results demonstrate that peptidomic variation across different developmental stages can be dramatic. Moreover, the corpora cardiaca-corpora allata (CC-CA) complex was examined during the fifth larval instar. A total of 41 ion masses were assigned to peptides.

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Antibacterial activity inducible in the haemolymph of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, by injection of formalin-treated Escherichia coli K-12 during the fifth larval instar and pharate adult development

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B Comparative Biochemistry ◽

10.1016/0305-0491(92)90173-o ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 101 (1-2) ◽

pp. 165-171 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Motoyuki Sumida ◽

Hiromasa Ichimori ◽

Shiroh Johchi ◽

Atsushi Takaoka ◽

Tamon Yuhki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Bombyx Mori ◽

Adult Development ◽

Larval Instar ◽

K 12 ◽

Pharate Adult ◽

Silkworm Bombyx Mori

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Monosaccharide profiling of silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) nervous system during development and aging

Invertebrate Neuroscience ◽

10.1007/s10158-016-0191-6 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Seçkin Soya ◽

Umut Şahar ◽

Sabire Karaçalı

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Bombyx Mori ◽

Bombyx Mori L ◽

Development And Aging ◽

Silkworm Bombyx Mori

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IMMUNOLOGICAL STUDIES OF INSECT METAMORPHOSIS

The Journal of General Physiology ◽

10.1085/jgp.36.3.389 ◽

1953 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 389-413 ◽

Cited By ~ 77

Author(s):

William H. Telfer ◽

Carroll M. Williams

Keyword(s):

Adult Development ◽

Larval Instar ◽

Pupal Stage ◽

Close Correlation ◽

Fourth Instar ◽

Systematic Change ◽

Physiological Mechanisms ◽

Insect Metamorphosis ◽

Concentration Changes ◽

Antigen Antibody

1. The cell-free blood of the Cecropia silkworm produces a maximum of nine bands of antigen-antibody precipitate when reacted in antiserum-agar tests with antisera prepared by injecting Cecropia extracts into rabbits. The blood antigens producing these bands of precipitate have the properties of proteins in that they are non-dialyzable, labile at 75°C., and salted out by 75 per cent saturated ammonium sulfate. One antigen was identified as a carotenoid protein. 2. Six bands of precipitate were selected for further study. Absorption tests revealed that the blood, at all stages of metamorphosis, is capable of precipitating the antibodies which produce five of these bands. This result indicates that five of the six antigens are present in the blood throughout metamorphosis. The sixth antigen is undetectable in blood from fourth instar larvae, appears in the blood late in the fifth instar, persists during the pupal stage, and disappears again during adult development. 3. When blood samples from various stages of metamorphosis were tested in antiserum-agar tubes, the rates of advance of the six bands of precipitate underwent systematic change in close correlation with the morphological stage of the silkworm's metamorphosis. These changes are interpreted in terms of concentration changes of the corresponding blood antigens. The validity of this interpretation was tested in several ways, with the conclusion that the interpretation was generally acceptable for the system under consideration. 4. All six antigens appear to increase in concentration during the last larval instar and to decrease in concentration during the period of adult development. However, each antigen has its own characteristic pattern of concentration change which differs from those of the other five. In order to explain this diversity, we conclude that the physiological mechanisms which regulate the synthesis and utilization of the blood antigens control each antigen on an individual basis.

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Personality's Correlates of Adult Development and Aging

European Psychologist ◽

10.1027//1016-9040.8.3.131 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 131-147 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Gian Vittorio Caprara ◽

Mariagiovanna Caprara ◽

Patrizia Steca

Keyword(s):

Personality Traits ◽

Adult Development ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Age Groups ◽

Well Being ◽

Efficacy Beliefs ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Education And Health ◽

Development And Aging ◽

And Gender

Three cross-sectional studies examined stability and change in personality over the course of life by measuring the relations linking age to personality traits, self-efficacy beliefs, values, and well-being in large samples of Italian male and female participants. In each study, relations between personality and age were examined across several age groups ranging from young adulthood to old age. In each study, personality constructs were first examined in terms of mean group differences accrued by age and gender and then in terms of their correlations with age across gender and age groups. Furthermore, personality-age correlations were also calculated, controlling for the demographic effects accrued by marital status, education, and health. Findings strongly indicated that personality functioning does not necessarily decline in the later years of life, and that decline is more pronounced in males than it is in females across several personality dimensions ranging from personality traits, such as emotional stability, to self-efficacy beliefs, such as efficacy in dealing with negative affect. Findings are discussed in terms of their implications for personality theory and social policy.

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